B8整理】雅思大作文寫作方法+常用表達(dá)

1、【Abby阿布整理】雅思大作文寫作方法+常用表達(dá) Abby阿布留留學(xué)雅思大作文寫作方法+常用表達(dá)【Abby阿布整理】 2008。056 大作文task26。1雅思大作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)則BandTask responseCoherence cohesionLexical resourceGrammer range and accuracy9 fully addresses all parts of the task presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended a

2、nd well supported ideas uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attentionskilfully manages paragraphinguses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as slipsuses a wide range of structures with full flexibility a

3、nd accuracy; rare minor errors occur only as slips8 sufficiently addresses all parts of the task presents a welldeveloped response to the question with relevant， extended and supported ideassequences information and ideas logicallymanages all aspects of cohesion well uses paragraphing sufficiently a

4、nd appropriatelyuses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey precise meaningsskilfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocationproduces rare errors in spelling and/or word formationuses a wide range of structures the major

5、ity of sentences are errorfree makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies7 addresses all parts of the taskpresents a clear position throughout the responsepresents， extends and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to over-generalise and/or supporting ideas may lack focus logica

6、lly organises information and ideas； there is clear progression throughoutuses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/overuse presents a clear central topic within each paragraph uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision uses l

7、ess common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formationuses a variety of complex structures produces frequent errorfree sentences has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors6 addresse

8、s all parts of the task although some parts may be more fully covered than others presents a relevant position although the conclusions may become unclear or repetitive presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/uncleararranges information and ideas coherently and there is a

9、 clear overall progressionuses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanicalmay not always use referencing clearly or appropriately uses paragraphing， but not always logicallyuses an adequate range of vocabulary for the taskattempts to use les

10、s common vocabulary but with some inaccuracymakes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communicationuses a mix of simple and complex sentence formsmakes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication5addresses the task only partially; the

11、 format may be inappropriate in placesexpresses a position but the development is not always clear and there may be no conclusions drawnpresents some main ideas but these are limited and not sufficiently developed； there may be irrelevant detailpresents information with some organisation but there m

12、ay be a lack of overall progressionmakes inadequate, inaccurate or overuse of cohesive devicesmay be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitutionmay not write in paragraphs, or paragraphing may be inadequateuses a limited range of vocabulary， but this is minimally adequate for the task

13、may make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the readeruses only a limited range of structuresattempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentencesmay make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may be faulty; erro

14、rs can cause some difficulty for the reader4 responds to the task only in a minimal way or the answer is tangential; the format may be inappropriate presents a position but this is unclear presents some main ideas but these are difficult to identify and may be repetitive， irrelevant or not well supp

15、orted presents information and ideas but these are not arranged coherently and there is no clear progression in the response uses some basic cohesive devices but these may be inaccurate or repetitive may not write in paragraphs or their use may be confusing uses only basic vocabulary which may be us

16、ed repetitively or which may be inappropriate for the task has limited control of word formation and/or spelling； errors may cause strain for the reader uses only a very limited range of structures with only rare use of subordinate clauses some structures are accurate but errors predominate, and pun

17、ctuation is often faulty3 does not adequately address any part of the task does not express a clear position presents few ideas, which are largely undeveloped or irrelevant does not organise ideas logically may use a very limited range of cohesive devices， and those used may not indicate a logical r

18、elationship between ideas uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with very limited control of word formation and/or spelling errors may severely distort the message attempts sentence forms but errors in grammar and punctuation predominate and distort the meaning 雅思大作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)則成績?nèi)蝿?wù)回應(yīng)連貫與

19、銜接詞匯資源語法結(jié)構(gòu)的范圍和準(zhǔn)確性9§ 完全回應(yīng)題目所有要求§ 立場表達(dá)清晰,論證完全；§ 觀點相關(guān)性好，擴(kuò)展充分，論據(jù)充足；§ 不留痕跡地銜接；§ 分段得體；§ 詞匯使用廣泛、自然而老到;極少出現(xiàn)小錯誤如“筆誤"；§ 語法結(jié)構(gòu)的使用廣泛、準(zhǔn)確而靈活；極少出現(xiàn)小錯誤如“筆誤”；8§ 充分回應(yīng)題目所有要求；§ 觀點相關(guān)，有擴(kuò)展，有論據(jù)；§ 信息和觀點的安排有邏輯性;§ 銜接良好;§ 分段恰當(dāng)；§ 能流暢、靈活地使用多樣詞匯來準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)思想；§ 能巧妙

20、使用較不常見單詞和習(xí)語，盡管偶爾有詞匯選擇和搭配上的不準(zhǔn)確；§ 拼寫和構(gòu)詞法錯誤極少；§ 靈活使用多種結(jié)構(gòu)；§ 大部分語句無誤；§ 極偶爾情況下出現(xiàn)錯誤或不準(zhǔn)確；7§ 回應(yīng)題目所有要求；§ 自始至終立場清晰;§ 表達(dá)了主要觀點，提供了論據(jù)并進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)展,但有可能太寬泛或?qū)τ^點的支持太分散;§ 信息和觀點組織有邏輯性;文章從頭至尾有延續(xù)性;§ 銜接手段使用合理，雖然可能有一些使用過少或過多；§ 每段都有清晰的中心論點；§ 詞匯使用豐富、有一定的準(zhǔn)確性和靈活性；§ 能使用較不常見詞

21、匯,對語體和搭配有所了解；§ 在詞匯的選擇、拼寫和構(gòu)詞法上偶爾有錯誤;§ 使用多種復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu);§ 多數(shù)語句無誤；§ 語法和標(biāo)點掌握較好，但可能會犯一些錯誤；6§ 回應(yīng)題目所有要求,然而有些論證多一些，有些論證少一些；§ 立場切題,盡管結(jié)論不清晰或重復(fù)；§ 主要觀點有相關(guān)性，然而一些可能沒有充分論證，或不清晰；§ 信息和觀點組織連貫；文章有延續(xù)性；§ 銜接手段使用有效，但是句子內(nèi)部和句子之間的銜接可能有誤或過于機(jī)械；§ 有分段，但可能有時缺乏邏輯性§ 使用適當(dāng)范圍的詞匯；§ 試圖

22、使用較不常見詞匯，但有一些不準(zhǔn)確；§ 在拼寫和構(gòu)詞法上有錯誤,但這些錯誤不至于影響交際；§ 能使用簡單和復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)；§ 語法和標(biāo)點出現(xiàn)一些錯誤,盡管這些錯誤很少導(dǎo)致交流障礙；5§ 部分回應(yīng)題目要求，一些地方格式不正確；§ 表達(dá)了立場，但論證不是一直清晰，也可能沒有結(jié)論 ;§ 給出了一些主要觀點，但沒有充分?jǐn)U展，可能出現(xiàn)無關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)； § 對信息進(jìn)行了一定組織，但整體缺乏延續(xù)性；§ 過渡手段不夠、不準(zhǔn)確或過多；§ 過渡手段重復(fù)；§ 沒有分段，或分段不足；§ 使用有限詞匯量,但只是在最低層面

23、上滿足題目;§ 拼寫和構(gòu)詞法上可能出現(xiàn)明顯錯誤，造成讀者的某些閱讀困難；§ 只能使用基本句子結(jié)構(gòu);§ 試圖使用復(fù)雜句,但復(fù)雜句的使用準(zhǔn)確性不如簡單句；§ 語法錯誤較多，標(biāo)點有誤用；錯誤造成讀者的某些閱讀困難；4§ 任務(wù)回應(yīng)極少，不切題，或格式不恰當(dāng)；§ 表達(dá)了觀點，但觀點不清晰；§ 提出了一些主要觀點，但很難區(qū)分，且觀點重復(fù)、不相關(guān)或沒有論據(jù)支持；§ 提供信息和觀點，但安排不連貫,也沒有清晰的連續(xù)性；§ 使用一些基本的銜接手段，但可能不準(zhǔn)確或重復(fù)§ 只使用基本詞匯，可能重復(fù)，可能使用不得體；&#

24、167; 構(gòu)詞法和拼寫掌握有限；§ 錯誤導(dǎo)致讀者理解困難；§ 只使用有限的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從句很少見；§ 有的結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確但錯誤較多，標(biāo)點經(jīng)常錯誤；3§ 對任務(wù)任一部分都沒有足夠的回應(yīng)；§ 沒有表達(dá)清晰立場§ 提出了極少觀點,且基本沒有擴(kuò)展或不相關(guān)；§ 沒有邏輯性地組織觀點；§ 銜接手段的使用非常有限，不能表明觀點之間的邏輯關(guān)系；§ 只使用非常有限的單詞和表達(dá)，對于構(gòu)詞法和拼寫的掌握很有限;§ 錯誤嚴(yán)重干擾信息的傳遞；§ 試圖寫出句子但語法和標(biāo)點錯誤非常多，扭曲了意思2§ 幾乎沒有回應(yīng)

25、任務(wù);§ 沒有表達(dá)立場；§ 可能試圖提出一兩個觀點,但沒有擴(kuò)展;§ 對組織結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握極少§ 詞匯使用極其有限；基本沒有掌握構(gòu)詞法和拼寫§ 除了背誦的短語以外無法使用句子1§ 回答與任務(wù)完全無關(guān)；§ 無法交流任何信息§ 只能使用一些零散單詞§ 完全無法使用句子0缺席考試；交白卷；完全抄襲背誦好的范文l 6分：文章切題，語句通順,沒有明顯錯誤（小錯在6個以內(nèi)）,有一些比較不錯的語句（復(fù)雜句、排比、倒裝、從句等等）就是6分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了.l 7分:文筆流暢，錯誤極少,有個別閃光點就是7分。l 8分:論點新穎、別具一格

26、，就是8分.或者論點一般，但十分切題，語言很漂亮，令人印象深刻.也是8分（不過一般這樣也可以給7分）。6.2 59分范文范例61The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order to decrease violent crimes in society。 To what extent do you agree or disagree？It has been suggested that the government should take action on the

27、violent films and televisions which posed the violent crimes in society 。The implication and veracity of this idea seem reasonable but in fact require closer examination。 First of all, the course of the increasing of the crux of the violent crimes is not the violent films and televisions。 The m

28、ajor reason is that the big gap between the poor and the rich and with peoples moral character as well. As I see it， the governments are obligated to develop the economy and the consciousness. In addition, if forbid the violence in films and on televisions, we will lose some excellent films, be

29、cause to some action films, the quintessential part is violence and therefore, it is no benefit for neither film extent or culture。 Whats more, violent films and televisions are good negative examples， for it gives people fears who commit violent crimes .A boy in my class, who has a fiery tempe

30、r， often fights with others， Once he saw a violent film of a crippled actor because of the violence， he was worried and had a lesson on it which effects him a lot， finally he became a disciplined boy. For these reasons I feel strongly that the film of violence should not be controlled and that

31、we should objectively evaluate and criticize the issue ， because we need different films and televisions, so we can learn something from them。 (245words）得分:分文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，是一篇段式的作文,但是在第段中，作者其實是論述了與前兩段不同的觀點，但用的連接詞卻是whats more使得這段的真正意圖沒有體現(xiàn)出來。從語言方面來說,似乎文章用了一些好詞，如implication and veracity, crux， be obligated to等

32、等，但是仍然有些低級的語法錯誤,如if forbid the violence in films and on televisions這個句子是沒有主語的句子,是非常嚴(yán)重的錯誤，給考官的印象非常的不好。其次，很明顯，文章單詞等級的跳躍性很大，第一段用的詞都不較高級別，而第段的詞句很簡單而且有嚴(yán)重的錯誤。此外，由于文章的詞數(shù)也沒有達(dá)到最低要求，導(dǎo)致失分。范例62Some people think the function of university education is to prepare students for their future employment。 However, oth

33、ers believe that it must have other important functions. Discuss and indicate what other functions the university education can provide.Some hold that the function of university or college education is to help students to get ready for their future payingjob. While others consider that the use of un

34、iversity or college education is more than the mere function. As far as I am concerned, university must have other important functions in many aspects.There is no doubt that we go to university to improve our skills and ability on coping with the things that would happen in our future job. But on ca

35、mpus it is not the only function。 Because university is not only the place only to study in but is a part of society where we could learn how to communicate with each other and develop ourselves personality. Whichever universities or colleges are in the world are composed with people and buildings.

36、They are just like a small society and we can take advantage of them to make friends with all kinds and backgrounds。 How we could keep the friendship is one of function we should learn in the university before we go to the true society to hunt our career。 Therefore， one of the functions of universit

37、y education is that we could enlarge our relationship in the university。Honest is also another function that we could learn in the university or college。 Before we take the exam, we have to promise that we will not cheating during detest and when someone is caught for cheating, he (or she) will be p

38、unished strictly。 Honest is one of the basic principles for each person。University or college is not just a place for students only to prepare their future employment but a place that students could learn how to make friends and be hoesty。（285words）得分：分文章結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰,段是作文，首段和尾段分別是總起和總結(jié)；文章句與句間的銜接處理地很一般，沒有什么

39、連接詞來表達(dá)上下句的關(guān)系；從語言方面來說，文章總體的語言水平尚可，句子很容易理解，但是也有很多語法錯誤，如Whichever universities or colleges are in the world are composed with people and buildings就寫得很莫名。此外，文章的措辭很有限，沒有什么同義詞或詞組的變換，句型也一般,沒有太精彩的好句。范例6-3Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved facilities and better machinery。 Howeve

40、r, some of the methods may be dangerous to human health， and may have negative effects on local community. To what extent do you agree or disagree？As science in life prosper， a majority of good produced by high technology has been brought to the spotlight。 Some people， therefore, reckon that several

41、 sorts of method through which food are produced have negative effects on peoples' health as well as local community。 As far as I am concerned， this argument is quiet true.The main reason usually given in favor of high technology using on food bringing negative effects is that the fertilizer。 Fa

42、rmers all anticipate their crops can grow well。 However， flood or heavy rain may stop crops from growing up which lessen the profits and fertilizer which consists of special elements except normal ones can help crops grow well but these sorts of elements always do harm to our humans health if we abs

43、orb them。A second argument by advocates of this phenomenon is that it can bring a negative impression of the society. Government has the right to impede food from being produced by improved facilities and better machinery so as to protect citizens health. In contrast, if government connives this phe

44、nomenon， citizens will not trust their government and government will lose peoples trustworthiness.Nonetheless, it is pointed out by opponents of food being produced by high technology is a good method say that it can increase quantities and qualities of goods so as to decrease the high price of goo

45、d, and helps retailers to make more profits and less prime cost. What's more, much more people can taste more sorts of food with a low price.To reiterate, though food produced by high technology has some advantages, I feel this method to cultivate food has more major demerits and why I prefer to

46、 impede this comportment. (282 words）得分:分這篇文章雖然得了分,但卻是具有分的潛質(zhì)的文章。乍一看,文章的詞匯和句型都有一定的功底，第一印象感覺是分檔次，但是仔細(xì)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)在語法上有嚴(yán)重欠缺，如The main reason usually given in favor of high technology using on food bringing negative effects is that the fertilizer。這個句子前半句中using應(yīng)該改成used，這是非位語動詞使用錯誤，后半句中that引導(dǎo)的應(yīng)該是個從句，而文章卻只寫了the fe

47、rtilizer，屬于句子不完整，是嚴(yán)重錯誤.按理來說,文章整體的詞匯和句型不錯，若犯了一些小毛小病，則仍然屬于分的檔次,但是這篇文章中由于細(xì)小錯誤和少量嚴(yán)重錯誤并存，所以降到了分這個檔次。范例6-4More and more people using mobile phone and computer instead of letters. Will letter disappear completely？ Agree or disagree？ How important is letter writing?It is demonstrated by a recent survey that

48、 the use of mobile phone and computer are dramatically increased. In contrast， the use of written letter is sharply decreased. Some people deem that if the situation deteriorates， letter writing will completely disappear。 From my point of view， I partly agree with this argument.One major reason for

49、this phenomenon is that as the advanced technology develops rapidly， mobile phone and computer play an important part of our daily life. We can make phone calls to our friends (at) any time. In addition, mobile phone is a good method of helping ourselves if we are in emergency。 What' more， compu

50、ter has widespread repercussion for the whole society。 It can do a plenty of things just like storing the majority of information, calculating a complex math problem, and bringing entertainment to our lives。 The most important function of the computer is to help people chat more conveniently through

51、 the internet.Another reason used to justify the importance of mobile phone and computer is that they are the witnesses of the development of science and society. As we all know, the faster mobile phone and computer develop the wider human beings make step to improve the society。It is undoubtedly th

52、at the written letter has great repercussion for the whole society。 It is a necessary method to continue our history。 Calligraphy， one sort of handwriting， is well known for its longstanding history and people all over the world prefer to learn it. What's more, old people who occupy a large prop

53、ortion of the world population are unfamiliar with high technology, which make written letter more important for them to communicate with others.Weighing up the reasons presented above， I reach the conclusion that the use of written letter will gradually decreased but it will not disappear completel

54、y one day. （304 words）得分：分文章結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰,段式的作文，首段和尾段分別是總起和總結(jié),當(dāng)中段為主體段。文章用了適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，如whats more, in addition等,使得句與句之間更有連貫性。從語言方面來講,詞匯比較突出一點，有一些亮點詞匯,如have great repercussion for, deteriorate等,總體感覺詞匯有一定的寬度。句型方面尚可，有一定變化,但不多。仍然有一些語法錯誤，如As we all know， the faster mobile phone and computer develop the wider human be

55、ings make step to improve the society以及The most important function of the computer is to help people chat more convenient through the internet. 等,這些錯誤都很明顯，但不影響理解。范例65Some teachers say students should be organised into group study. Others argue that students should be made to study alone。 Discuss the

56、 benefits of both and state the more effective method in your opinion。The debate over whether studying in group is superior to studying alone has long been under question and educational experts are deeply divided over this issue. From an objective perspective， I'm strongly convinced that both m

57、ethods have their own superiorities. （40 words) (此段第一句對原題的改寫并引題，最后一句表達(dá)中立的觀點。2句話40詞，在實際考試中是最適用且能拿考分的第一段寫法)One of the major superiorities of group study is that it provides an environment in which students can exchange ideas with each other。 It is well known that knowledge knows no bounds, so it is al

58、most impossible for even an eminent professor at university to have a good command of everything， let alone an ordinary student. In consequence， students should be divided into different groups or classes so that they can communicate with, learn from and help each other。 （78words)(此段是分析studying in g

59、roup的第一個優(yōu)點，第一句是主題句，直接表明觀點,隨后的都是支持句,進(jìn)一步分析為什么學(xué)生要在一起學(xué)習(xí)互相交流想法）Another obvious advantage of studying in group is that students have the opportunity to learn to socialize with others。 Many sociologists point out that people in modern society are more isolated than those in ancient times mainly because they do not have enough opportunities to get alone with ot