【步步高】2017版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 第一部分 詞法篇-動(dòng)詞 專(zhuān)題1 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)素材 外研版

1、專(zhuān)題1 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)素動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的核心考點(diǎn)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.(2)表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。They always care for each other and help each other.(3)表示知覺(jué)、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，bel

2、ong to，seem等。Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.(4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party，my family will be pleased.(5)少數(shù)用于表示起止或轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start

3、，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The shop closes at 11：00 pm.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.2一般過(guò)去時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示)；用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過(guò)去式。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was

4、young，he took cold baths regularly.(2)如果從句中有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用過(guò)去時(shí)。He told me he read an interesting novel last night.(3)表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，the minute等。He bought a watch but lost it.The moment she came in，she told me what ha

5、d happened to her.(4)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型。Why didnt you think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.3一般將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用will/shall動(dòng)詞原形，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow，next week等。We will have a meeting tomorrow.(2)表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。Well die withou

6、t air or water.(3)表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come，go，start，begin，leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來(lái)時(shí)。The students are leaving on Sunday.(4)be going to do，will/shall do，be to do，be about to do的用法及區(qū)別：be going to do表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事，這種打算往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；shall/will do表示未事先考慮過(guò)，即說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。be going to 表將來(lái)，不能用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。If

7、it is fine，well go fishing.If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.×be to do表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do表示“即將，正要”，后面不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。Autumn harvest is about to start.4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；表近期特定的

8、安排或計(jì)劃；go，come等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)；與always，often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public.(2)下面四類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like，love，hate，care，remember，belie

9、ve，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。表存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。5過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的幾種情況。在by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句的句子中。By the end of las

10、t year，we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station.表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.to have done?！皶r(shí)間名詞before”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞ago”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。He said his first teacher had di

11、ed at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.句式中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“一就”。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.(2)在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)

12、。After he (had) left the room，the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.6過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。He always said that he would study hard at that time.7過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析

13、(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for，since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語(yǔ)連用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。(2)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is(has been)一段時(shí)間since從句This(That/It) is the first(second.) time that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting.that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(3)在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在

14、完成時(shí)可以代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.9注意幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：時(shí)間上有差異：凡有過(guò)去時(shí)間的均用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如含有ago，last year，just now，the other day等。結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，

15、動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)關(guān)系。(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語(yǔ)連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可。動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的核心考點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be過(guò)去分詞，口語(yǔ)中也用“get/become過(guò)去分詞”表示。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒(méi)必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略)。1使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。(1)主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)雙賓語(yǔ)的變化。My friend gave me an interesting book on m

16、y birthday.An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.(2)主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)成主語(yǔ)；(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的)不定式前需加to(位置不變)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long (by the boss)(3)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were t

17、aken good care of (by her)Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e過(guò)去分詞。(5)當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。類(lèi)似句型有：It is said/kn

18、own/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that.2不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況。(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。(3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have，own，belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。(5)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(6)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。(1)當(dāng)feel，look，

19、smell，taste，sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut，read，sell，wear，write等帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。The fish smells good.This kind of cloth washes easily.These novels wont sell well.My pen writes smoothly.The door wont lock.(2)當(dāng)break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。The plan worked out

20、 successfully.The lamps on the wall turned off.(3)want，require，need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(4)be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(5)在“be形容詞to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.注意：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。4被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著

21、；be hidden躲藏；be lost迷路；be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿著5被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。此處的系表結(jié)構(gòu)指“連系動(dòng)詞用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，它與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣。要注意它們的區(qū)別：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The book is well sold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與語(yǔ)法填空在語(yǔ)法填空中，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是必考內(nèi)容。其中，最常考的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)或者主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，以及現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是常考的內(nèi)容，會(huì)涉

22、及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。典題試做1用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.(2015·全國(guó))答案arrived解析主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用了過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was raining，后一句中用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)didnt care，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。2This cycle (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the nig

23、ht and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015·全國(guó))答案goes解析此處指這種循環(huán)不斷地持續(xù)下去，由冒號(hào)后內(nèi)容的時(shí)態(tài)可知這種情況是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。3He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what (leave)(2015·廣東)答案was left解析除去

24、賣(mài)掉的和換其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用來(lái)制作奶酪和黃油。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是what引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was left。4In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))答案was解析事情發(fā)生在1969年，是一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間，故此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was。5Be patient！Tai Chi (

25、call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：.(2014·遼寧)答案is called解析根據(jù)后一句可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且Tai Chi與call之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填is called。6James has just arrived，but I didnt know he (come) until yesterday.(2014·重慶)答案was coming解析know后面為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句動(dòng)詞相對(duì)于know而言指將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而come，leave等瞬間動(dòng)詞可用

26、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)didnt可知此處應(yīng)該用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。故填was coming。應(yīng)對(duì)策略11句中若缺少謂語(yǔ)，注意要考慮所給動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。判斷時(shí)態(tài)首先要確定時(shí)間，然后根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)來(lái)判斷應(yīng)該運(yùn)用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。有時(shí)也可以根據(jù)空格后和該句中已經(jīng)存在的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的并列關(guān)系來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。2句中缺少謂語(yǔ)，且與主語(yǔ)存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，考慮根據(jù)時(shí)間和動(dòng)作存在的方式，確定相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3在確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，我們可從四個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷：(1)看句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)看上下文的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：was/

27、were about to do.when.did .It is/has been時(shí)間段since從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))It/This/That is the first time that.have/has done.或It/This/That was the first time that.had done.Its (high time) that.did/should do.Hardly had主語(yǔ)done.when.did.或No sooner had主語(yǔ)done.than.did.這樣的句型還有很多，平時(shí)要注意積累。(4)看與主語(yǔ)存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。若是被動(dòng)，還需看所給詞是否為及物

28、動(dòng)詞，是否考查主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)等。(5)注意主謂是否一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與短文改錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò)中對(duì)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查點(diǎn)常會(huì)涉及到考查上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)漏掉be或過(guò)去分詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。典題試做2單句改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.(2015·全國(guó))答案thinkthought解析整個(gè)語(yǔ)境講的都是過(guò)去的事情，所以think也是當(dāng)時(shí)的想法，故應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故think改為thought。2In the mornings，it was full of st

29、udents exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees.(2015·浙江)答案iswas解析從前一句中的it was到后面一句的there was可以判斷整個(gè)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)該是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以將is改為was。3A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(2015·全國(guó))答案tel

30、lingtold解析句子的主語(yǔ)為A woman，謂語(yǔ)為saw，crying為賓補(bǔ)，and連接的是兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，而不是兩個(gè)賓補(bǔ)，所以telling改為told。4Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015·全國(guó))答案去掉been解析studies與show之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以去掉been。5Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015·全國(guó))答案begunbegan解析was scared 與

31、begun是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，由was scared可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，begin的過(guò)去式是began，begun是其過(guò)去分詞，所以begun改為began。6The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.(2014·遼寧)答案havehas解析本句主語(yǔ)為T(mén)he early morning barking，barking為不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have改為has。7My dream school loo

32、k like a big garden.There are all kinds of flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))答案looklooks解析由下文可知，語(yǔ)境為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而且主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)My dream school，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故look改為looks。8Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))答案d

33、rankdrunk解析tea與drink之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞drink的過(guò)去分詞為drunk。故drank改為drunk。應(yīng)對(duì)策略2做動(dòng)詞類(lèi)改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，需注意以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)判斷一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)是否錯(cuò)用；(2)and，but，so，or等并列連詞前后的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；(3)除了時(shí)態(tài)，還要注意主謂是否一致；(4)看是否考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣；(5)看謂語(yǔ)部分是否缺少動(dòng)詞，特別是be動(dòng)詞；(6)看動(dòng)詞的形式是否正確，尤其是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式是否錯(cuò)用；(7)看主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是否錯(cuò)用。書(shū)面表達(dá)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦1中式英語(yǔ)比比皆是。(誤)I very like listen music

34、and every day I also will see some newspapers.(正)I like listening to music very much and every day I read some newspapers as well.(習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))(誤)I dont know I should do what.(正)I dont know what I should do.2句子沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。(誤)The windows broken.(正)The windows broke.(正)The windows are (were) br

35、oken.(誤)Today，the largest number of people speak English may be in China.(正)Today，the largest number of people who speak English may be in China.(正)Today，the largest number of people speaking English may be in China.3動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及系動(dòng)詞be隨意亂用。(誤)Recently，the CCTV and some TVs began to take some measures.(正

36、)Recently，the CCTV and some TVs have begun to take some measures.(誤)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.(正)She liked it very much and read it to the class.(誤)People were used to believe that the earth was flat.(正)People used to believe that the earth was flat.(誤)Our village has taken pl

37、ace great changes.(誤)Great changes have been taken place in our village.(正)Great changes have taken place in our village.單句語(yǔ)法填空1This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often (result) in the contrary to our intention.答案results

38、解析動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，空格處作謂語(yǔ)，又根據(jù)語(yǔ)境分析，這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)明的道理是個(gè)客觀真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)results。2If you listen to rap music，you will notice how the lyrics(歌詞) (speak) in the background of the songs.答案are spoken解析notice后是一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，該從句中缺謂語(yǔ)，而且the lyrics與動(dòng)詞speak之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知這里講的是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3By the time you have

39、finished this book，your meal (get) cold.答案will get解析by the time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)，故主句應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。4They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild)答案is being rebuilt解析句意為：目前，他們正和父母一起居住，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟ㄖ小７孔雍椭亟ㄖg為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意可知，“房子正在重建之中”，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5Ill go to the li

40、brary as soon as I finish what I (do)答案am doing解析根據(jù)題干所提供的信息可知，設(shè)空處表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。6Did you predict that many students (sign) up for the dance competition?答案would sign解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，由主句中的Did可知表過(guò)去；根據(jù)predict可知從句的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在將來(lái)，故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。7In order to find the missing child，villagers (do) all they can

41、over the past five hours.答案have been doing解析句意為：為了找到那個(gè)失蹤的孩子，在過(guò)去的五個(gè)小時(shí)里，村民們一直在竭盡全力(尋找)。根據(jù)over the past five hours可知用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。8Dont worry.The hard work that you do now (repay) later in life.答案will be repaid解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)later in life可知，設(shè)空處用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，又因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)the hard work與動(dòng)詞(repay)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系

42、，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。9After school we went to the reading­room to do some reading，only to be told that it (decorate)答案was being decorated解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的went可知，空格處也應(yīng)該用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)；又根據(jù)句意可知空格處敘述正在發(fā)生的情況；根據(jù)it(the reading­room)與decorate之間的關(guān)系可知用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。10This is the first time we (see) a film i

43、n the cinema together as a family.答案have seen解析“It is the序數(shù)詞timethat從句”為固定句型，that從句需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1As I tell you last time，I made three new friends here.答案telltold2My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the best biscuits

44、 in the world，so I decide to ask her for help.答案decidedecided3I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people.答案去掉had4Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain!答案去掉were/looked5Suddenly Mary，my b

45、est friend，asking me to let her copy my answers.答案askingasked6Here I am in the middle of a city,350 miles away from our farmhouse.Do you want to know why we move last week?答案movemoved7I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.答

46、案willwould8Thank you for all you had done for me.Mom，though I may not often say it，I do love you.答案hadhave.語(yǔ)法填空A(時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)練)A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman 1.is seeking(seek) professional help after being convicted of (證明有罪) shoplifting for the second time in six months.Aha Luz，recently studying for PhD 2.has been told(tell) she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.Luz，who 3.lives(live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Road，Cambridge,4.admitted(admit) steal