五個(gè)英語基本句型

1、英語五個(gè)基本句式趙寶斌 從英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)上說，除了修飾名詞的定語和修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語外，在千變?nèi)f化的句子中可歸納為五個(gè)基本句式，一般地說，某些動(dòng)詞用在某一句式中，下面筆者把這些句型和常用的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行歸類,供你參考。1.S(主） + Vi（不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）Time flies.1) S + V + adverbial(狀語）Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介詞短語） He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Parti

2、ciple (分詞）Ill go swimming.2. S (主）+ Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）+ O（賓）We like English.1) S + VT + N/PronI like music.I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）I want to help him.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3)

3、 S + VT + Wh-Word + InfinitiveI dont know what to do.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4) S + VT + GerundI enjoy living here.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, d

4、efend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。5) S + VT + That-clauseI dont think (that) he is right.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺得）, hear（聽說）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, min

5、d（當(dāng)心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪）。3. S (主）+ V（謂）（lv)( 系動(dòng)詞）+ P（表）We are Chinese.除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 remai

6、n, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動(dòng)詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞）He is a boy. This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj（形容詞）She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副詞）Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep PhraseHe is in good

7、 health.5) S + Lv + Participle(分詞）He is excited.The film is interesting.4. S (主）+ VT （謂）+ In O（間接 賓） + D O（直接 賓）I give you help.1) S + VT + N/Pron + N I sent him a book.I bought May a book.2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有：allow, bring,

8、deny, do(帶來）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。5. S (主）+ VT（謂）+ O（賓） + O C（

9、賓補(bǔ)）I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want,

10、 wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep PhraseShe always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + InfinitiveI wish you to stay.I made him work常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like

11、, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不帶to的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分詞）I heard my name called.I feel something moving.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：catch, feel, find, get, have,

12、hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + InfinitiveHe show me how to do it.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause He told me that the film was great.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有

13、：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell. To the top(回頁首) 英語常用句型趙寶斌 編輯 整理 初學(xué)英語的人常常感到在掌握一些英語單詞和基本語法后，在英語說和寫方面還是很難表達(dá)自己，筆者認(rèn)為其中一個(gè)原因是沒有掌握一些英語句型，只有掌握了一些句型才能比較正確、完整地表達(dá)自己。下面是筆者收集的一些常用句型。

14、1. 否定句型1) 一般否定句I dont know this. No news is good news.There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house.2)特指否定He went to his office, not to see him.I am sorry for not coming on time.I dont think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.3)部分否定All the answers are not rightA

15、ll is not gold that glittersI dont know all of them.I cant see everybody/everything.Both of them are not right.4)全體否定None of my friends smoke.I can see nothing/nobody.Neither of them is right.Nothing can be so simple as this.5) 延續(xù)否定You didnt see him, neither/nor did I.You dont know, I dont know eith

16、er.He doesnt know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用說） French.6) 半否定句We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.I know little English. I saw few people.7) 雙重否定You cant make something out of nothing.Whats done cannot be undone.There is no sweet without sweat.No gai

17、n without pains.I cant help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.No man is so old but (that) he can learn.8)排除否定Everyone is ready except you.He did nothing but play.But for your help, I couldnt do it.9)加強(qiáng)否定I wont do it at all.I cant see it any more.He is no longer a boy.2. 判斷句型1) 一般判斷句It is important

18、for us to learn English.It is kind of you to help mesincere means honest.The boy is called/named Tom.We regarded/consider it as an honor.2)強(qiáng)調(diào)判斷It is English that we should learn.It is he who helped me a lot.3)弱式判斷Your sentence doesnt sound/look/appear/feel right.You look/seem as if/as thought you ha

19、d been there before.Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.He is probably ill.He is likely ill. It is possible that he is late4) 注釋判斷He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典）5) 正反判斷That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.6) 比較判斷It is more a picture than a poem.7

20、) 互斥判斷He or you are wrong.Either he is right or I am.3. 祝愿祁使句式1) 一般句式Study hard and keep fit.Be brave! Dont be shy!Get out of here.2)強(qiáng)語式Do tell me.Never tell a lie.3) 委婉祈使句Please tell me the true.Would/Will/Wont do me a favor?Would/Do you mind my smoking?What/How/ about going on foot?4)建議祈使句Let us g

21、o. Let us know the time.Dont let the fire out.Lets not waste the time.Youd better start early.Shall we listen to some music?Why dont you get something to drink?Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?I suggest we (should) take the train. 5)祝愿句Success to you!Wish you a good journey.May you have

22、 a happy marriage.Heres to your success!Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!4. 感嘆句型How well he speaks!How kind she is!What a nice weather it is!Here he comes!Such is life!Wonderful! Help!5. 疑問句型1) 一般疑問句Is he a doctor?Do you the way to the station?2)反意疑問句He is a teacher, isnt he?It is quite

23、 cheap, dont you think?3) 特殊疑問句What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?Who is he?What is he?(干什么的）What is he like?How is he?How do you like him?What do you think of him?What ever do you mean by saying this?4)選擇疑問句He is a doctor or a nurse?5)間接疑問句Do you know how old he is?Tell me

24、if (whether) you like it.What do you think/say/suppose I should do?6. 數(shù)詞句型1) 表數(shù)目It is exactly ten oclock.It is five miles away from here.He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.He is under/at most/no more than 20.2)表年月日He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1.3)表年齡He is 2

25、0 years old/years of age.He is at the age of 10.4)表倍數(shù)It is four times that of last years.This is four times as big (again) as that one.This is four times bigger than that one.The income is double what it was.The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.5)表計(jì)量It is 10 meters long/wide/high.It cost

26、s me 100 yuan.I spent 10 hours to finish it.It took me 10 days to finish it.It is worth 100 yuan.7. 關(guān)聯(lián)指代句型1)兩項(xiàng)關(guān)連I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English.I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English.To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.One the one hand, I am your teacher

27、, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.2)先后順序First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.First stop, then look, finally cross.At first/in the beginning/ he word hard.

28、Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.3)修飾限制This is the same book as I lost yesterday.This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本書）Dont trust such a man as over praise you.He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.Th

29、e day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.4) 兩項(xiàng)連接He can speak not only English but also French.The book is both interesting and instructive.It is neither cold nor hot.Please either come in or go out.The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.5)加和關(guān)系Besides literature,

30、we have grammar and writing.Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.In addition to if, there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses.I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book.You seem to like tea, so do I.8. 比較句型1)等比句He is as tall as I.He is the sa

31、me height as I.She is no less diligent than he.The lab is no better than a cottage.2) 差比句I speak English worse than he does.He is not so/as tall as I am.Our knowledge is much inferior to their.3) 極比句He is the tallest of all in the class.None/No one/ is so blind as those that wont see.Nothing is so e

32、asy as this.4)比例句The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(無知）.5) 擇比句He is taller than any other boy in the classIt is better late than never.They would die than live as slavesHe prefers doing to talkingHe prefers to do rather than to talk.He prefers mathematics to English.Id rather stay

33、 here.6)對(duì)比句You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.They are working hard while you are wasting your time.9. 比喻句型We must work like him.He behaves as his father does.He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner.10. 條件假設(shè)句1) 一般事實(shí)If we succeed, what will the people say?Suppose it rains, wh

34、at shall we do?Persevere(堅(jiān)持） and youll succeed.2)虛擬條件句If I were you, I would go.If you had seen it, you would have been moved.3)反條件句Unless you try, youll never succeed.Dont move, or/else/otherwise Ill shot.4)唯一條件句If only I have another chance, I shall do better.Only in this way can we learn English

35、well.So/As long as we dont lose heart, well succeed.5)推論條件句Since that is so, there is no more to say.Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.11. 時(shí)間句型1)一般時(shí)When I see him, Ill tell him.2) 表同時(shí)Youll grow wiser as you grow older.Work while you work, play while you play.He worked, at the sa

36、me/in the meantime he listened to the music.3)限制時(shí)Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out.By the time that we got there, he was out.4)交替時(shí)Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances.At one time the baby cries, at another it talks.5)先時(shí)I stopped hem before he began to talk with me.6)后時(shí)Ill tell

37、you after I finish it.7)緊接時(shí)As soon as I see him, Ill tell him.Once you begin, you must continue.The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him.On hearing the news, she bust into tears.Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering.8)延續(xù)時(shí)I havent seen him since I came here.A

38、 friend is never know till/until a man have need.12. 地點(diǎn)句型1) 一般地點(diǎn)Where have you been?Where there is a will, there is a way.2)方位Hebei lies in the east of China.Japan is lies to the east of China.The house faces (to) the south.He is sitting at the front of the classroomHe is standing in front of/before

39、 me.He is sitting at the back of/behind me.He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom.He is sitting next to/besides me.He is sitting close to/near me.At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books.He is sitting on the left/right.The mountain you see to the right is the Purple

40、 Mountain.13. 原因句型He didnt go to school because he was ill.Since we are all here, lets begin our meeting.It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet.Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home.I am glad to meet you.I am sorry that I hear that.Thank you for your help.That is why he faile

41、d to come.He didnt come because of/on account of the weather.He went out of curiosity.I succeeded thanks to his help.This failure is due to the fact they lack experience.Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled.What are studying English for?For what reason did you choose this?Whats the poi

42、nt of asking his to do that?How come you never told me about it?What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled.14. 目的句型He stopped aside so that she could go in.He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly.He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises.He repeated it for fear that there should be any mist