定語(yǔ)從句講與練教學(xué)案

1、定語(yǔ)從句講與練一、定語(yǔ)的概念： 定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。比如：(先試試用橫線劃出下面短語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)，然后在后面的括號(hào)里注明是什么在作定語(yǔ)) a beautiful girl（ ）three boys （ ）a shoe factory（ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( )the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ）the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定語(yǔ)從句的概念及主要特征：1定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語(yǔ)從句一

2、般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。請(qǐng)劃出下列句子中的定語(yǔ)從句、先行詞及關(guān)系代詞：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. 定語(yǔ)從句的主要特征：（1）先行詞要在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分；（2）what永遠(yuǎn)不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；（3）翻譯時(shí)先譯從句，翻譯成“.的” 三、定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法：（一）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1who  指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也作賓語(yǔ)。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

3、60;  正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 分析：先行詞the boys 在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.   想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門(mén)口集合。 分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。     Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.      昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?分析：先行詞

4、_ 在從句中作_。     That is the teacher who teaches us physics.        那就是教我們物理的老師。 分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。You neednt talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。2whom  指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷浴?#160;    Mr Liu is the person (

5、 whom ) you talked about on the bus.   劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财?chē) 上談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.      李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.      你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來(lái)了。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。

6、     注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來(lái)代替，也可省略。         The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. whose  通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.   我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。分析：先行詞

7、_ 在從句中作_。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.   譯成漢語(yǔ)：_分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。I lost the book whose cover was blue. 我把那本封面是藍(lán)色的書(shū)弄丟了。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 譯成漢語(yǔ):_注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the d

8、oor of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?  自己總結(jié)一下：在定語(yǔ)從句中，whose + 名詞 _ 4which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.   足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。The fa

9、ctory which makes computers is far away from here.   制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.   譯成漢語(yǔ):_分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。The house which is by the lake looks nice.   湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。This is the pen ( which ) he

10、 bought yesterday.        譯成漢語(yǔ)：_分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.   他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。5that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。The number of people

11、that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.   每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?   我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind.   你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。The season that / c

12、omes after spring is summer.   春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australia.   昨天我收到了一封來(lái)自澳大利亞的信。 (二) 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1  when  指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。?？梢杂胕n/on/at which代替。     I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 

13、;   我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué) 校的那一天。     分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived.       我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。     October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 

14、0;     1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：_分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。     Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.       你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：_分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。2  where  指地點(diǎn)，在定

15、語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。?？捎胕n/on/at which代替。Shanghai is the city where I was born.  上海是我出生的城市。把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：_分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。把這個(gè)句子改成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：_分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .  我參觀了那個(gè)飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

16、分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。Is this the place where they fought the enemy?  這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎？分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。注意：當(dāng)先行詞是situation, occasion, point時(shí)，且又在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尷尬）. He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him

17、.3  why  指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。?？捎胒or which來(lái)代替。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.  請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。分析：先行詞_ 在從句中作_。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.  他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.  譯成漢語(yǔ)：_     注意：關(guān)系副詞引

18、導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如：     From the years when (=_) he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.       自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時(shí)，他就已經(jīng)知道長(zhǎng)大后要做什么。I will never forget the moment when (=_) the blind students

19、 moved us.      Great changes are taking place in the city where (=_) they live.       他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。     The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear.       他為什么拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)的原因是十分明了的。四、限制

20、性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.  老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history.  中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.  在街上我看到一個(gè)來(lái)自非洲的人。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例 ：His mother, who loves him v

21、ery much, is strict with him.  他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很?chē)?yán)格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.  中國(guó)是1949年成立的， 現(xiàn)在正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.  去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。注意：在非限制性定語(yǔ)

22、從句中，有時(shí)which所指代的先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子。Xiao Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her.He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us.五定語(yǔ)從句考查重點(diǎn)：（一）定語(yǔ)從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人時(shí)可以用who/whom）1. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或者序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.  這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。The first place that they vi

23、sited in London was the Big Ben.  在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。2. 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some,much等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時(shí)。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?  李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎？There seems to be nothin

24、g that is impossible to him in the world.  對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)似乎世界上沒(méi)有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.  所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.  我不能為你干什么。He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.  他呆在圖書(shū)館查找所需的資料。3. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the sa

25、me, the last修飾時(shí)。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.  這正是我要買(mǎi)的詞典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.  家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過(guò)后，那輛舊車(chē)成了他的唯一擁有。4. 當(dāng)先行詞是who,或which引導(dǎo)的主句時(shí)。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate?  站在門(mén)口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？Which is the T-shirt that f

26、its me most?  哪件T恤衫最合我的身？5. 當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school  他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鸬脑谛r(shí)的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那個(gè)沿街走來(lái)的人和他的 毛驢。思考：什么時(shí)候只能which 而不能用that呢？1.在_中；2.在_之后。（二）關(guān)系代詞的省略： The factory we visited

27、yesterday was really old. (請(qǐng)將省略的關(guān)系代詞補(bǔ)充在正確的位置) The man you just talked to was my English teacher. (請(qǐng)將省略的關(guān)系代詞補(bǔ)充在正確的位置) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_時(shí)可以省略。（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.&#

28、160; 他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy_I played tennis yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked.我們將去聽(tīng)那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?/p>

29、。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager _ I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。注意： 含有介詞的固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。This is the watch (which

30、 / that) I am looking for.    (正)     這是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking .    (誤)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.    (正)  那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。The babies after whom the nurse i

31、s looking are very healthy.   （誤）若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.    (正)  你剛才跟他談話的那個(gè)人是我的鄰居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.   

32、 (誤)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.    (正)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實(shí)在很舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.    (誤)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：He loves his parents deeply, both

33、of whom are very kind to him.   他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.    籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.       我們班總共有個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大

34、城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.       迄今為止，他寫(xiě)了部小說(shuō)，其中部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。（四）當(dāng)先行詞被one of修飾時(shí)，若one of前有the only，則從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，沒(méi)有only的話則用復(fù)數(shù)。 He is one of the students who _ never late. 譯成漢語(yǔ)：_ He is the only one of the students who _ never

35、 late. 譯成漢語(yǔ)：_（五）先行詞是時(shí)間卻不用when引導(dǎo)，先行詞是地點(diǎn)卻不用where引導(dǎo)，先行詞是原因卻不用why引導(dǎo)。I will never forget the days _ we climbed the mountain together.I will never forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live.We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live in.This is the reason _ he was unhap

36、py.             This is the reason _ he explained to me.（六）當(dāng)先行詞被such, the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。 如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells.  我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)象他講的這樣的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.  他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。This is the same dictionary a

37、s I lost last week.  這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用 that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思有區(qū)別。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.  她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.  她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。（七）以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常

38、可以省略。如：The way _he answered the questions was surprising.  他回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令人驚奇。 I dont like the way_ you laugh at her.        我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。Test yourself:1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,        , of cour

39、se, made the  others unhappy.     A. which            B. who                  C. this        &#

40、160;          D. what2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town         he grew up as a child.   A. which            B. wh

41、en                C. that                   D. where 3. The gentleman         you told me yeste

42、rday proved to be a thief.  A. who                     B. about whom      C. whom               D. w

43、ith whom 4. Please take any seat         is free.  A. which            B. where                     

44、 C. in which         D. that5. The old man has two sons,         is a soldier.  A. one of whom B. both of them      C. all of whom           

45、;   D. none of them6. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大樓)，        has more than 100 storeys.  A. the higher of them                     

46、0;       B. the highest of which  C. the highest of them                            D. some of which7. My home village is no longe

47、r the same         it used to be.  A. which              B. as                   C. where  

48、;             D. when8. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,         many people have gone home.  A. whose time    B. that     &#

49、160;             C. at which            D. by which time9. The boy         composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.  A.

50、 who                     B. whose               C. that            

51、60;      D. which10. The weather turned out to be very good,         was more than we could expect.   A. what             B. which      

52、;         C. that                  D. it11. Mr. Wang is a boss,         factory Li Ping worked.  A. in whose    

53、60;   B. whose               C. in whom           D. of which12. I don't like the way         you speak to her.  A. /

54、0;                  B. that                   C. in which            D

55、. All A, B, and C13. I shall never forget the years         I lived in the country with the farmers,         has a good effect on my life.  A. that, which    B. when, which    

56、0; C. which, that        D. when, who14.         is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30yearstime.  A. What             B. T

57、hat                  C. As                    D. It15. Is this book         you want to borrow from the library?  A. that               B. which   &#