英語(yǔ)讀音規(guī)則及輔音群

1、1. 只發(fā)一個(gè)音的輔音字母字母、七讀曰單詞字母、七讀曰單詞bIblbakerrainowwebP/p/1pipepeopletopf/f/fightriflewolfq/k/guicksquareIraqh/h/heightbehindr/r/ramcrimek/kJkitebookstoretookv/v/vestvividwavemImlminetimerwarm.w/w/waistoverweightn/n/nighttinyfun.z/z/zestzigzagquizy/j/yesyouthyoung2. 發(fā)多個(gè)音的輔音字母位置般讀曰規(guī)則在輔音字母前_7-2LZ1*.在aou前在eiy

2、刖在詞尾在不發(fā)音字母前.在iaioie、刖_7.在-ion冃u.在-ure刖其他c/k/k/s/k/s/k/climbcomecutecitepicnicpiecesuspicionscured/d/d/d/d/d/d/d/dreamdateduckdividewinddecideCanadianendureg/g/g/d/g/d/d/g/grapegogategymleglargereligionfigures/s/s/z/s/s,z/,/,/slimsuccessseasonsitbusisAsiadiscussionvisionpressuremeasuret/t/t/t/t/t/,t/

3、t/twisttametidywaitnotepotentialnotionquestionnaturex/ks/gs/gs/ks/ks/k/k/nextexampleexitwaxaxeconnexionanxiousl/?/l/（在任何元音前）/?n/l/l/milklakelettillmilerebellionfailure1. 元音字母組合:字母、+&讀曰單詞字母、+-xV讀曰單詞ea/i:/beatmeatteam/e/breaddead/ei/great/i/idearealtheateroo/u:/coolboottooth/u/cookfoodtook/bloodee

4、/i:/meetteenheeloa/u/roadcoatgoat/:/broadie/i:/field/ai/dietielie/e/friendeu/ju:/feudalei/i:/receiveceiling/ai/eitherneither/e/leisureoi/i/voicetoiletou/u:/youth/au/countmountain/country/coughtougheo/i:/people/e/leopardoe/u/toepoet/u:/shoeai/ei/aidaimwait/e/saidau/:/autumnauthor/a:/auntue/ju:/due/u/

5、blueia/ai/dialogueua/u/usualio/ai/pioneeroy/i/boytoyloyalay/ei/daymayway/e/saysey/ei/theyhey/i:/Keyuy/ai/buyye/ai/dyebye注：在非重讀音節(jié)中字母組合讀音大多要改變，通常會(huì)發(fā)短音/i/或/,如ea發(fā)/i/:forehead;ee發(fā)/i/:coffee;ai發(fā)/i/:portrait;ay發(fā)/i/:Sunday;ei發(fā)/i/:foreign;eo發(fā)/:surgeon;ey發(fā)/i/:money;io發(fā)/i/:patriot等元音字母+輔音字母組合：字母、+&讀曰單詞字母、+&

6、amp;讀曰單詞ar/a:/park/collaral/:/walktalkall/a:/palmir/:/girlfirstdirtyaw/:/lawpawnoor/:/floordoor/u/poormoorur/:/turn/surpriseere/i/heremere/e/thereare/a:/are/e/caredareor/:/lordborderorderoul/u/couldwouldear/e/bear/i/hear（在輔音字母后/e/i/）/a:/heart/:/early（在輔音字母前/a:/:/）er/:/certainservice/a:/clerk/betterw

7、ritermannerore/:/beforemorescoreow/au/howbowcrown/u/knowbowgrow/knowledgeeer/i/deerbeerengineeror/:/work/doctoractorour/:/fourcoursecourt/u/tourgourd/colourhonourlabour/:/journeyjournalcourteousaugh/:/caughtough/:/oughtoar/:/boardsoar/cupboardeir/e/heirtheir/i/weird輔音字母組合：1. 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母只讀一個(gè)音，女口：ff/f/coff

8、ee；2. 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母只讀一個(gè)音或兩個(gè)音：cc/ks/accesssuccess3. 兩個(gè)輔音字母讀一個(gè)音：字母、+&讀曰單詞字母、七&讀曰單詞wr/r/wretchwrotewriteck/k/kickcrackcheckbt/t/doubtdg/d/judgedj/d/adjectiveadjustts/ts/beatsbootsratsdr/dr/dressdrivedrawds/dz/bedshandstr/tr/trimtraintreatPh/f/photophonegraphsh/shapeshepherdnk/k/thinkinkthankkn/n/knowk

9、nitknightgh/f/toughlaughrh/r/rhythmrhyme4. 兩個(gè)輔音字母讀兩個(gè)或以上的音:字母、+&讀曰單詞字母、+&讀曰單詞wh/w/what/h/whowholeth/bath/motherng/stronglong/g/tanglelingersc/s/scienee/consciousch/t/changechief/k/stomachcharacter/machinechampagne/d/spinach元音字母讀音規(guī)則音節(jié)兀曰字母、七M(jìn)讀曰例詞例外絕對(duì)開(kāi)音節(jié)a/ei/A,later,e/i:/me,beshei(y)/ai/I,chinab

10、ymyo/u/no,so,godou/ju:/studentusual相對(duì)開(kāi)曰節(jié)a/ei/take,name,facehave,ate,etc.e/i:/Petei(y)/ai/tide,nice,line,typegiveliveo/u/wholehomerolecome,loveproveu/ju:/u:/use,musefusetuberule重讀閉曰節(jié)a/am,can,addclasse/e/penyesbesthelpEnglandi(y)/i/itwithbigstillrhythmo/notlotonstopfollowamong,brother,nothing,wonderu/

11、sun,us,mustbush,full,put音節(jié)5勺兒曰字母、+&讀曰例詞例外非重讀曰節(jié)a/again,China,puma/i/managefortunate/contrast/ei/celebratee/i/receive,believe,excuse,expect,begin/cameranumeralsilent/e/contenti(y)/i/working,inform,city,lucky/holidayimpossible/ai/paradisesatisfyo/police,protest,obey,/u/pianou/success,succeed/ju/edu

12、cateinstitute/u/Februaryinstrument輔音群1詞首或詞中的輔音群英語(yǔ)中輔音組合主要和/s，l，r，j/這幾個(gè)音位有關(guān)：a./s/+/p/,+/t/,+/k/,+/f/,+/m/,+/l/,+/w/,+/j/sp/spyspeakspitsparksportspinsterspear/st/staystillsteakstarstudystudentstorystand/sk/skyskiscoldskateskimschoolskip/sf/spheresphericalsphinx/sm/smallsmacksmithsmile/sn/snowsnakesnat

13、chsnapsneer/sl/slumslimslowsleepslice/sw/swagswearsweaterswallowswansweet/sj/supersuperbsupermansuperiorb.爆破音和摩擦音+/l/pl/playplowpleaseplot/bl/blueblockblameblot/kl/climbclockclassclose/gl/glassglidegloveglad/fl/flyfleeflowflash/sl/slipslowslimc.爆破音和摩擦音+/r/pr/praypressprimeprint/tr/trytreetraintruck/

14、br/breadbreathebringbrother/dr/drivedrydrum/kr/creamcrushcroakcrack/gr/greengrowgreatgrass/fr/Frenchfreefrankfrom/r/shrillshrinkshriek/r/threethreadthroughthrowd./p,b,k,m,f,h,v/+/j/purepupilbeautybureaucutecuremutemusicfewfusehugehumanview以上輔音組合，一般在發(fā)音時(shí)首先發(fā)第一個(gè)音位/pbkg/,輕而短促，在發(fā)第一個(gè)音時(shí)同時(shí)準(zhǔn)備發(fā)第二音位，要把兩個(gè)音位當(dāng)成一個(gè)整

15、體，同步進(jìn)行，學(xué)生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是不能讓兩個(gè)音同步性發(fā)出，并在發(fā)音時(shí)對(duì)第一個(gè)音位的處理拖得較長(zhǎng)。另外/s/組合中,/s/輕而短促，第二個(gè)音位長(zhǎng)而響，聲音有弱到強(qiáng)，有輕到響，由短到長(zhǎng)。特別注意/s/位于爆破音中的清輔音之前時(shí)/p/，/t/,/k/要從原來(lái)的送氣變?yōu)椴凰蜌饣蛏偎蜌狻Ｋ追Q“音的濁化”，嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)，這里的清輔音不是變成了濁輔音，因?yàn)椴还?p，t，k/發(fā)的是送氣音還是送氣少的音，其音位沒(méi)有變，這兩種發(fā)音只是/p，t，k/的音位變體(是同一音位在不同位置和條件下發(fā)不同的音)。所謂音位變體(allophones)即屬于同一音位的不同讀音(speechsound)音位變體往往出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)音的互補(bǔ)分布

16、狀態(tài)中，英語(yǔ)/k/的送氣與不送氣的不同讀音就出現(xiàn)在不同語(yǔ)音環(huán)境中的互補(bǔ)分布狀態(tài),如/k/在“kitehaiK中讀kh,而在“sky”ska中讀k。kh表示送氣,k表示不送氣,kh和k是音位/k/在不同語(yǔ)音環(huán)境的互補(bǔ)分布狀態(tài)中的不同讀音,因此kh和k就是/k/的音位變體。詞中的輔音組合除了少數(shù)與/s/有關(guān)的輔音連綴讀音與在詞首不一樣外其他都一樣。例如display中/p/與speak中/p/發(fā)音時(shí)有些區(qū)別，前者送氣，后者送氣較少。讀下面單詞注意/s/的發(fā)音：peachspeechteamsteamkeyskiportsportpairspareKateskatekillskilltoneston

17、e一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在詞中的輔音群讀音與詞首輔音群讀音相同：dustcartguessworkdraftsmandoctrinehorsepowerprogresstransferunderstandparticularincline2. 詞尾的輔音群常見(jiàn)的詞尾的輔音群大致可以分為三類：a.輔音+/s,z/t,d/詞形變化：英語(yǔ)中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)或遇到第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞的變化形式,一般情況下是加-s;動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的規(guī)則變化形式是在原形動(dòng)詞后面加-ed,例如：bagsdrinkslikedmoved,讀音分別是bags/bgz/drinks/drinks/liked/laikt/moved/mu：vd/,這些詞

18、形變化由于受到前面輔音/g,k,v/的影響而讀作相應(yīng)的清輔音/s,t/和濁輔音/z,d/。為了學(xué)生方便記憶，這些輔音連綴讀音我們可以全面地概括為11字的原則：“清則清，濁則濁，元音讀濁音”即前面如果以清輔音結(jié)尾，后面加-s或ed則讀清輔音，前面是以濁輔音結(jié)尾，后面加-s或ed則讀濁輔音，以元音結(jié)尾加-s或ed則讀濁輔音。/lp/pl/helplamp/lb/bl/：elbowtablebumpcableapplenoblepeopleripple-ed/t/askedkickedmissedwashedwatchedstepped/d/movedrubbedhuggedseizedharmed

19、/d/playedprayedcried-s/s/catscapsbooksroofsdeskslakes/z/dogspigsleavesprovesbedsbirds/z/payswaysbees其中單詞以/t，d/結(jié)尾加-s讀音時(shí)直接就讀成和/dz，依然滿足“清則清，濁則濁”這個(gè)原則。例如：/ts/testsrestsbeastshostsgiftstexts/dz/fieldsfoldsholdsendsshieldsspendsb.爆破音、摩擦音+鼻音、邊音模糊舌邊音鼻音加上其他輔音特別是爆破音、摩擦音,學(xué)生在發(fā)音時(shí)有較大的困難,主要是音位的不到位和音位之間相互影響造成了音位的發(fā)音產(chǎn)

20、生變化。學(xué)生必須多讀多練才能順利掌握。模糊舌邊音加上其他輔音，例如：/lt/tl/：beltfeltfaultlittlekittletitle/ld/dl/：eoldholdfieldmiddleidleeandle/lk/kl/：folkmilkunelewrinkleniekel/lf/fl/：shelfselfwolfriffleearefulbeautiful/lv/vl/：twelvesolveresolvearrivalapprovallevel/ls/sl/：elsewellswheelsmuseleeastlewhistle/l,l,lm/：HealthwealthWelshfilmwhelm/gl/zl/：singletanglestrugglepuzzledrizzle發(fā)這些輔音連綴時(shí)注意模糊舌邊音發(fā)音，當(dāng)模糊舌邊音在其他輔音前時(shí)，舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌中部下陷,舌后部上抬，在沒(méi)有完全發(fā)出該音時(shí)迅速滑向后面的音，如果模糊音在其他輔音后面，則要把兩個(gè)音位當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體，同步進(jìn)行。鼻音/n/和爆破音，摩擦音組合構(gòu)成音節(jié)，發(fā)音時(shí)也應(yīng)注意整體性和同時(shí)性：/-tn/eertainwritten/-dn/gardenpardon/-fn/o