英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及練習(xí)

1、(一) 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100years等。begoingtodo(動(dòng)詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：Itisgoingtorain.willdo結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：1. 表示預(yù)見Doyouthinkitwillrain?Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest.2. 表示意圖Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrary

2、tomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：(1) will+主語(yǔ)+do?WillSarahcometovisitmenextSunday?(2) therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Willthere+be？Willtherebefewertrees?Yes,therewill./No,therewon't否定句構(gòu)成：will+not(won')t+doSarahwon'tcometovisitmenextSunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+will+主語(yǔ)+？WhatwillSarahdonextSunday?根據(jù)例句

3、，用will改寫下列各句例：Idon'tfeelwelltoday.bebettertomorrow)I'IIbebettertomorrow1. Ginahassixclassestoday.(havealotofhomeworktonight)2. I'mtiredno(.sleeplate)3. Myparentsneedanewcar.(buyonesoor)4. Wecan'tleaverightnow.leavealittlelater)5. Theweatherisawfultoday.(bebettertomorrow)答案：1.She'

4、llhavealotofhomeworktonight.2. I'llsleeplater.3. They'llbuyonesoon.4. We'llleavealittlelater.5. Maybeit'llbebettertomorrow.(二) should的用法：should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not.例如：Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot.

5、她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Studentsshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomgjartiees.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式:(1) Ithinkyoushould(2) Well,youcould(3) Maybeyoushould(4) Whydon'tyou?(5) Whataboutdoingsth.?(6) Youdbetterdosth.用should或shouldn'填空1.1can'tsleepntghtbeforeexams.Youtakeawarmsh

6、owerbeforeyougotobed.2. Goodfriendsargueeachother.3. Thereislittlemilkintheglass.Webuysome.4. Theydidn'tinviteyou?Maybeyoubefriendlier.5. Iamalittlebitoverweight.SoIthinkIdoexerciseseveryday.答案：1.should2.shouldn'3.should4.should5.should(三) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1. 構(gòu)成was

7、/were+doing,例如：IwaswatchingTVat9o'clocklastnightat9o'clocklastni是時(shí)間點(diǎn)Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon.allafternoon是時(shí)間段2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday例如：Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。Atthattimeshewaswritingabook.那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。）練習(xí)用括

8、號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. ThistimeyesterdayI（read）books.2. At9o'clocklastSundaythey（have）aparty.3. WhenI（come）intotheclassroom,she（read）astorybook.4. She（play）computergameswhilehermothercook）yesterdayafternoon.5. I（have）ashowerwhenyou（call）meyesterday.答案：1.wasreading2.werehaving3.came;wasreading4.wasplay

9、ing;wascooking5.washaving;called（四）間接引語(yǔ)形成步驟：（1）不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào)（2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語(yǔ)是一致的）（3）要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化（4）要考慮時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)示代詞的變化。1.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)2.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)1.am/is1.was2.are2.were3.have/has3.had4.will4.would5.can5.could6.may6.might練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形

10、式填空。1. ShesaidI(be)hard-working.2. Petertoldmehe(be)boredyesterday.3. Shesaidshe(go)swimminglastSunday.4. Bobbysaidhe(may)callmelater.5. Antoniotoldmehe(read)abookthen.答案：1.was2.was3.went4.might5.wasreading請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：1.1gotothebeacheverySaturday.(Tom)2. IcanspeakthreeIanguages.(Lucy)3. Iwillcallyoutom

11、orrow.(Mike)4. I'mhavingasurprisepartyforLanashe)(五) if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if+般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)+將來含義：如果，將要例如：Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請(qǐng)求他，他會(huì)幫助你。Ifneedbe,we'llworight.如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。練一練根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生Ifyoutheparty,you.2.如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。Ifittomorrow,we.3. 如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會(huì)喜歡英語(yǔ)的。If

12、youoften,you.答案：1. Ifyougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtime2. Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgotothepicnic3.IfyouoftenlistentoEnglishsongs,you'lllikeEnglish二.完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路（一）題型分類與特點(diǎn)完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語(yǔ)填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、

13、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測(cè)試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語(yǔ)的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語(yǔ)義適用和語(yǔ)法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。1.完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語(yǔ)抽掉留下空格，對(duì)每一空格提供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語(yǔ)法等語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語(yǔ)教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在15

14、0200個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個(gè)左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語(yǔ)法及對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個(gè)語(yǔ)境，對(duì)每一空格設(shè)準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對(duì)短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。2.選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。（A）Jackwantedtoaskfortwodaysoff,1hehadonlylearntthephrase（短語(yǔ)）“haveadayoff”.He2,thenhehadanidea.“Grandmotherisill.MayIh

15、aveadayoff,3_?”heaskedtheteacher.“Ofcourse,youcan.”replied（答復(fù)）theteacheratonce.Afterawhile,theboycameto4attheteacher'sdoMayIhaveadayoff5?”Theteacherwasverysurprised,“Didn'tyou6itjustnow?”“Yes,sir.ButIcan'tbeI7_,either.”Theteacherunderstoodhimandcouldnothelp8.Thenhesaidwithasmile,“Whydidn

16、'tyousayMayIhavetwodaysoff?'”Theboyansweredquickly9aloudvoice.“Butyouonly10ushaveadayoff!'”（）1.A.butB.andC.orD.for（）2.A.thoughthardlyB.thoughthardandhardC.hardthoughtD.thoughtandthought（）3.A.MissB.sirC.teacherD.Mr（）4.A.strikeB.bestC.hitD.knock（）5.A.alsoB.againC.tooD.once（）6.A.speakB.tell

17、C.sayD.do（）7.A.tomorrowB.thedayaftertomorrowC.yesterdayD.thedaybeforeyesterday（）8.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughedD.laughing（）9.A.withB.onC.inD.by（）10.A.teachB.taughtC. areteachingD.wereteaching（B）請(qǐng)根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。than,so,tell,us,them,report,beause,love,composition,under

18、stand,to,that,much,for,whatAgenerationgap（代溝）hasbecomeaseriousproblem.Ireada_1）aboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenhavekilled2）afterquarrels（爭(zhēng)吵）withparents.Ithinkthisis（3）theydon'haveagoodtalkwitheachother.Parentsnowspend（4）timeintheoffice.（5）theydon'thavemuchtimetostaywiththeirchildren.Astime

19、passes,theybothfeel（6）theydon'thavethesameto（i話題）totalkabout.Iwantto（7）parentstobemorewithyourchildren,gettoknowthemandunderstandthem.Andforchildren,showyourfeeling（8）yourparents.Theyarethepeoplewho9）you.Sotellthemyourthoughts（想法）.Inthisway,youcanhaveabetter（10）ofeachother.實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練（答題時(shí)間：80分鐘）一.選擇填空。

20、（）1.Beijingwonthechancesthe2008Olympics.A. tohostB.hostC.hostingD.hosted（）2.TigerWoodscanmakebillionsdollarsayear.A. forB.withC.ofD.on（）3.Youlookedsobeautifulattheparty.A. No,Idon'tthinksoB.OfcourseC.ThankyouverymuchD.No,I'mnotbeautiful（）4.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.A. afew

21、B.alittleC.fewD.little（）5.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper“WhoMovedMycheese”wasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.whatC.howD.if（）6.InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreinterestingthanspeaking,Ithink.Idon'tagree.Speakingisreading.A.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themoreimportantD.themostimportant（）7.Ifheha

22、rder,he'llcatchupwithus.A.workB.worksC.workedD.willwork（）8.Themanagerthatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestoc（k股票）wentdown.A.talkedB.toldC.saidD.spoke（）9.Weshouldkeepinthereading-room.A.quietB.quietlyC.quiteD.quickly（）10.Ithinkeverythinggoesonwell.A.SoIdoB.IdosoC.SodoID.SoisI）11.IfyouwanttowatchT

23、V,youmayturn.A.downB.itonC.onitD.itoff）12.I'msorryIhaven'tgotanymoney.I'vemyhandbagathome.A.missedB.leftC.putD.forgotten）13.Heislisteningtothemusicsheiswashingclothes.A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while)14.IttakestimetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.moreB.fewerC.longerD.less)15.Excuseme.Haveyo

24、ugotaneraser?Sorry,Ihaven't.WhyyouaskMary?Perhapsshe'sgotone.A.doB.don'tC.didD.didn't二.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z(yǔ)。A.Yourteacherwon'tletyouin.B.HesaidIcouldn'tstayoutlatC.Iwasdoingmyhomework.D.No,theywon't.Everyo,neE.Youshouldlistentosomerelaxing1.WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?2.Willpeopl

25、eusepapermoneyinthefuture?3.Ican'tsleep,whatshouldIdo?4.IfIwearjeanstoschool,whatwillhappen?willhaveacreditcard.5.Whatdidyourfathersay?music.1. 不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎？Idon'tknowtodo,canyougivemesome?2. 外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時(shí)候，我給警察打了個(gè)電話。Whilethealienwasasouvenir,Ithepolice.3. 我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。Onmywayhom

26、efromschool,Isawacatgetawindow.4. 我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。Idon'twanttotalkitwithyouthephone.5. 我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個(gè)驚喜的晚會(huì)WearegoingtohaveapartyforJohnFridayevening.四.完形填空：把下面五個(gè)句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。Threemenwentupinaballoon（氣球）.TheystartedearlyinLondon.TheheadmanwasTed,andtheothertwomenwereDavyandEmilio.1Soonthey

27、heardthesea.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope（繩子）,anditwashangingdownfromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater,oritcouldbeempty.So2_.Itwasforuseoverthesea.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsofsand.Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000metres,and3.Thewaterin

28、theballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen'sbasket,andtheycouontheground.4,butitwashard.Theytriedtobreaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling,sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakeandmadeablackholeintheice.Atlasttheypulledtheboxintotheba

29、sket.Itwasstillsnowing;so5.Theyroseto5,100metres!Everythingbecameicy.Theyweresocoldthattheydecidedtoland.TheycamedowninPolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtravelled1,797kilometresfromLondon!A. ThementriedtothrowoutsomemoresandB. theywereabletochangeitsweight（重量）C. Theyhadabigballoonandtheywerereadyforalon

30、gway.D. theyclimbedtogetawayfromthesnowE. theairtherewasverycold五.閱讀理解（A）EinsteinWasWaitingforHisFriendOnceEinsteinwaswaitingforoneofhisfriendsonabridge.Hewasthinkingaoblem.Whilehewaswaiting,itbegantorain.Therainkeptonforsometime.WhenEinsteintookoutapieceofpaperfromhispockettowritesomethingdown,thep

31、aperwaswetandthenheknewthatitwasraining.Hisclotheshadbecomewet.Butafterheputthepaperintohispocket,heforgothewasstandingintherainagain.Manyscientistsarenotcarefulwiththeirlives.Thisisbecausetheyaretoocarefulwiththeirstudies.1. WhatdidEinsteindo?Hewas.A.adoctorB.ateacherC.ascientist2. WhywasEinsteinon

32、abridge.A.Becausehewaswritingsomethingonthebridge.B. Becausehewaswaitingforafriend.C. Becausehewasthinking.3. Itrained.A.sometimesB.forsometimeC.foralongtime4. Einsteinandbegantowritesomethingonit.A.boughtapieceofpaper.B. tookapieceofpaperfromhiscar.C. tookoutapieceofpaperfromhispocket.5. Whichistru

33、e?A.Einsteinwascarefulwithhiswork.B. Einsteinwascarefulwithhisclothes.C. Einsteinwascarefulwithhisfriends.B)生活中總會(huì)有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請(qǐng)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)15小題所描述的救護(hù)方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫（本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。）1. Ifthepersonhasstoppedbreathing,youmusttrytostarthis/herbreathingatonce.Thebestthingistousethemo

34、uth-to-mouthway.Laythepersononhis/herbackandbreatheintohis/hermouth.2. Ifthepersonisbleeding(流血)badly,youmusttrytostopthebleeding.Pressonthebleedingpointwithapieceofcleanclothandholdupthepartofthebodywhichisbleeding.3. Ifyouarebitten(cutbyteeth)byananimal,washthecutundercoldrunningwater.Coverthebrok

35、enpart,ifthereisany,withapieceofcleancloth.Thenseeadoctorassoonaspossible.4. Ifyouareburnt(hurtbyfireorsomethingveryhot),cooltheburntpartatonce.Runcool(notcold)waterovertheburnuntilitislesspainful.Thenputapieceofdrycleanclothovertheburntpart.sveryda5. Ifthereisafire,neverusealiftinthebuilding,becaus

36、eitgettrappedbetweenfloors.Usethestairsandleavethebuildingatonce..5.六.寫作:（從下列2封來信中選擇一封寫回信。）Dearfriend,Therewillbeapartythisweekend.Allmyfriendsareinvitedtothepartyexceptme.Iamangry.AndIdon'tknowwhytheydidn'tinviteme!Whatdoyouthink?Canyouhelpme?UpsetDearfriend,IamanewstudentinGradeOne,

37、butmyEnglishistoobad.YesterdayIhadanEnglishtestandmygradewasjustsoso.IwanttoimprovemyEnglish.WhatshouldIdo?Couldyougivemesomeadvice?LookingforhelpDear,試題答案】（A）1.A2.D3.B4.D5.B6.C7.B8.D9.C10.B（B）1.report2.themselves3.because4.much/more5.So6.that7.tell8.to9.love10.understanding參考練習(xí)答案：一.1.A2.C3.C4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.A10.C11.B12.B13.D14.D15.B二.1.C2.D3.E4.A5.B三.1.what,advice2.buying,called3.out,of