呼吸內(nèi)科專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)

1、 .呼吸科英語(yǔ)Bronchial asthma 支氣管哮喘 acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 變異原，變態(tài)反應(yīng) blood gas analysis 血?dú)夥治?Anaemia 貧血 Alveolar 肺泡的 antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不張 Lung abscess 肺膿腫Athrosclerotic heart disease 動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病Beta2-agonist B2受體激動(dòng)劑Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory di

2、stress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征Percussion and auscultation 叩聽(tīng)診Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺動(dòng)脈狹窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 腎上腺糖皮質(zhì)激素BBiopsy 活檢Bronchiectasis 支氣管擴(kuò)張F(tuán)iber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纖支鏡活檢BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支氣管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支氣管炎，細(xì)支氣管炎Boop： bronchiolitis obliterans with organiz

3、ing pneunomia閉塞性細(xì)支氣管炎伴機(jī)化性肺炎 Bronchoscopy 支氣管鏡檢查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺復(fù)蘇CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性間質(zhì)性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵狀指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫紺Nonproductive cough 干咳Co

4、mplication 并發(fā)癥DDyspnea 呼吸困難Differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷Discharge diagnosis 出院診斷EEmphysema 肺氣腫pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸堿平衡etiology 病因?qū)WEmphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous內(nèi)生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 間質(zhì)性肺纖維化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram s

5、tain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 過(guò)敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血紅蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 組織學(xué)Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特發(fā)間質(zhì)性肺炎Intratracheal 氣管內(nèi)的Intravenous 靜脈內(nèi)的NNoninvasive ventilation 無(wú)創(chuàng)機(jī)械通氣OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea sy

6、ndrome 阻塞性呼吸暫停綜合征PPulmonary second sound 肺動(dòng)脈瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax 氣胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺動(dòng)脈血栓栓塞癥 Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通氣血流比Pleura 胸腔積液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原發(fā)性支氣管源性肺癌 Provocation test 激發(fā)試驗(yàn)Parenchymal 實(shí)質(zhì)的（insterstial間質(zhì)的）Plumonary edema 肺水腫Lobar pneumonia 大葉性肺炎2/3Lobu

7、lar pneumonia 小葉性肺炎R(shí)Moist rales 濕羅音Dry rales 干羅音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 動(dòng)脈血氧飽和度 Short of breath 氣短Syncope 暈厥Sarcoidosis 結(jié)節(jié)病Segment 段TTuberculosis 結(jié)核病Tachypnea 氣促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 經(jīng)支氣管肺活檢 Thoracoscopy 胸腔鏡檢查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染W(wǎng)Wheeze 哮鳴音其他faci

8、litating sputum expectoration 排痰 release of bronchial spasm 解痙細(xì)菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎鏈球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 軍團(tuán)菌mycoplasma 支原體chlamydia 衣原體pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided'rækskup 胸腔鏡 lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-D

9、imerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心電圖echocardiogram超聲心動(dòng)圖V/Q isotope'aisutup 同位素 scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋 CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography,ændi'rfi血管造影術(shù)) pulmonary angiographyDoppler'dpl 多普勒 USS thighai大腿 and pelvis'pelvis 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardia

10、c monitorPSG( polysommography)常見(jiàn)的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感,influ'enzpharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgiafærin'gældi 咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性氣管-支氣管炎4/14pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社區(qū)獲得性肺炎 hospital acquired

11、pneumonia (HAP) 醫(yī)院獲得性肺炎 nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 醫(yī)院內(nèi)肺炎 bronchiectasis 支氣管擴(kuò)張chornic bronchitis 慢性支氣管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺氣腫chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性發(fā)作 bronchial asthma 支氣管哮喘allergic rhinitisrai'naitis過(guò)敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺膿腫pu

12、lmonary tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原發(fā)性支氣管肺癌squamous'skweims cell carcinoma 鱗癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌'ædnu,k:si'numbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支氣管肺泡細(xì)胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小細(xì)胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺轉(zhuǎn)移瘤m'tæstsispulmonary embolism （

13、PE） 肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞癥,rmbu'emblizm pulmonary infarction 肺梗死 deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深靜脈血栓形成 empyema 膿胸,empai'i:mpneumothorax氣胸pyopneumothorax 膿氣胸'paiu,nju:mu':rækschronic suppurative disease 慢性化膿性疾病'spjurtiv, -reitivcongenital cyanotic disease 先天性

14、紫紺性心臟病,sai'ntikcor pulmonale 肺源性心臟病'k:,pum'nælipulmonary hypertension 肺動(dòng)脈高壓pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性腦病en,sef'lpiright heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 彌漫性間質(zhì)性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特發(fā)性肺纖維

15、化,idi'pæikcryptogenic,kriptu'denik 隱源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隱源性纖維化性肺泡炎 connective tissue related lung diseases 結(jié)締組織相關(guān)性肺疾病systemic lupus'lju:ps狼瘡 erythematosus, SLE 系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 結(jié)節(jié)病,s:ki'dusisPulmonary alveolar proteinosis,prutii'nusis, PAP 肺泡蛋白

16、沉積癥Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 'hi:mu,sid'rusis, ,hem-特發(fā)性肺含鐵血黃素沉著病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格漢斯細(xì)胞肉芽腫病'rænju,lum'tusisEosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽腫,i:sin'filikHistiocytosis X 組織細(xì)胞增多癥XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽腫extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性過(guò)敏性肺泡炎pneumoco

17、niosis 塵肺'nju:m,kuni'usisdrug-induced lung disease 藥物性肺病aspergillosisæ,sp:di'lusis 曲菌?。篴llergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支氣管胸膜瘺'fistjuloral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鵝口瘡,kændi'daisisosteoporotic bone change 骨質(zhì)疏松樣改變glauco

18、ma 青光眼cataract白內(nèi)障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺損傷acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征urticaria 蕁麻疹 eczema 濕疹 hypertension 高血壓 diabetes 糖尿病 be administered, treat sb. with empirical 經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的, prophylactic,prfi'læktik, ,pru-預(yù)防性, remedialri'mi:dil治療性 Expectorant 祛痰藥eks'pektrnt

19、Mucolytics 粘液溶解劑,mju:ku'litik 常用的藥物 drugs or agentsbronchodilator支氣管擴(kuò)張劑,brkudai'leitB2-agonists'ænist興奮劑: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇sæl'bju:tm(:)l long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特羅muscarinic,msk'rinik 毒蕈堿樣的 antagonistsæn'tænist對(duì)抗劑: ipratropium bromide'bru

20、maid 異丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶堿,mi:nu'fili:nsteroids'stirid類(lèi)固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德， os)., beclomethasone,beklu'mesun倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松 systemic: prednisolone'pred'nislun 強(qiáng)的松hydrocortisone,haidru'k:tizun 氫化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸鈉leukotrien

21、e,lju:ku'train白三烯 receptor antagonists: montelukast孟魯司特respiratory stimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamideni'kemaid, -mid尼可剎米cardiac tonic 強(qiáng)心劑 diuretics 利尿劑,daiju'retik albumin 白蛋白'ælbjumin antitussive agents 鎮(zhèn)咳藥,ænti'tsivammonium chloride 氯化銨'munjm銨'kl:raid氯化物ambrox

22、ol 氨溴索 （mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治療措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae'kænjuli:鼻導(dǎo)管， Venturiven'tjuri文里氏 face-mask nebulizer'nebjulaiz噴霧器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)定量霧化吸入器via intubation,intju:'bein插管 ，t

23、racheostomy ,træki'stmi, ,trei-氣管造口術(shù)，tracheotomy,træki'tmi, ,trei-氣管切開(kāi)術(shù))synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步間歇指令通氣pressure support ventilation, PSV 壓力支持通氣thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺術(shù),:rksen'tesis chest drain/drainage 引流術(shù) chemotherapy 化療 radiation therapy 放療pneumone

24、ctomy 肺切除術(shù),nju:mu'nektmilobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺葉切除術(shù)lu'bektmi葉切除術(shù)thoracotomy 開(kāi)胸術(shù)，胸廓切開(kāi)術(shù),:r'ktmipleurodesis胸膜剝脫術(shù)pleurectomy 胸膜切除術(shù)pleural adhesion 胸膜粘連術(shù)thromboendarterectomy血栓動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)inferior vena cava filter 下腔靜脈過(guò)濾器cystic'sistik囊性的/varicose'værikus曲張樣/cyclindrical

25、柱狀-tram-tracks軌道樣 hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex 'eipeks尖端 shift contralaterally對(duì)立的旁邊CXR: translucency trænz'lju:snsi 半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim邊緣 refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定術(shù), pleurectomyplu'rektmi胸膜切除術(shù), bulla'bul 大皰 stapling裝訂 or lasering激光常用的化療藥9/14ci

26、splatin 順鉑Gemcitabine吉西他濱：Gemzar (鹽酸吉西他濱注射劑) paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素） docetaxel多西他賽（泰素帝） 常見(jiàn)的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦鈉 ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉維酸鉀 cephamycin 頭孢菌素類(lèi)cefrad

27、ine 頭孢拉啶cefaclor 頭孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 頭孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 頭孢曲松cefpiramide 頭孢吡啶ceftazidime 頭孢他定ceftizoxime 頭孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯類(lèi)azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美羅培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亞胺培南/西司他丁鈉 （泰能 tienam） Glycopeptides 糖肽類(lèi) inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 萬(wàn)古霉素 norvancomycin 去甲萬(wàn)古霉素teicopl

28、anin 替考拉林Macrolides大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類(lèi)： inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 羅紅霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 紅霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷類(lèi)reno- and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 慶大霉素streptomycin 鏈霉素Sulfamido

29、 磺胺類(lèi)sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹諾酮類(lèi)： inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 諾氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 環(huán)丙沙星Tetracycline 四環(huán)素類(lèi) minocycline 美滿(mǎn)霉素 Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑類(lèi) metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奧硝唑Antitubercular agents抗結(jié)核藥ri

30、fampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福噴丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 異煙肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌藥nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 兩性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韋林oseltamivir 奧司他韋 acyclovir 阿昔洛韋 ganciclovir 更昔洛韋 va

31、laciclovir 伐昔洛韋foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸鈉（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韋常見(jiàn)的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 細(xì)菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致熱原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 內(nèi)毒素Gram stain 革蘭染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成單位antibacterial agents 抗菌藥resistance 耐藥性ES

32、BLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光譜B內(nèi)酰胺酶MRSA： methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌 bacteremia 菌血癥toxemia 毒血癥11/14endotoxemia 內(nèi)毒素血癥septicaemia 敗血癥 pyemia 膿毒血癥 pathogen 致病原 pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半數(shù)致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半數(shù)感染量virus 病毒repl

33、ication 復(fù)制viremia 病毒血癥normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群 flora disequilibrium 菌群失調(diào)dysbacteriosis 菌群失調(diào)癥opportunistic infection 機(jī)會(huì)性感染conditioned infection 條件致病性感染endogenous infection 內(nèi)源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 藥物敏感試驗(yàn)mini

34、mum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌濃度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小殺菌濃度disinfection 消毒 sterilization 滅菌 asepsis 無(wú)菌 aseptic technique 無(wú)菌技術(shù)bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒劑bacteriostatic agent 抑菌劑bactericide 殺菌劑autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高壓蒸汽滅菌法ultr

35、aviolet radiation, UV 紫外線isolation precaution 隔離預(yù)防artificial active immunization 人工主動(dòng)免疫vaccination 疫苗接種killed/inactivated vaccine 死/滅活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 減毒活疫苗toxoid 類(lèi)毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被動(dòng)免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙種球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黃色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphyloco

36、cci 凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎鏈球菌Viridans streptococci 草綠色鏈球菌 Escherichia coli 大腸埃希菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 銅綠假單胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血桿菌Legionella 軍團(tuán)桿菌屬Enterobacter cloacae 陰溝腸桿菌Serratia 沙雷菌屬Proteus vu

37、lgaris 普通變形桿菌Acinebacter 不動(dòng)桿菌屬Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 腦膜炎鏈球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾桿菌Salmonella typhi 傷寒沙門(mén)菌Vibrio cholerae 霍亂弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽門(mén)螺桿菌Campylobacter jejuni 空腸彎曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝桿菌屬，抗酸桿菌Mycobacterium tuber

38、culosis,tubercle bacillus 結(jié)核分枝桿菌 Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非結(jié)核分枝桿菌 Mycobacterium leprae 麻風(fēng)分枝桿菌 Anaerobic bacterial 厭氧性細(xì)菌Clostridium tetani 破傷風(fēng)梭菌Clostridum perfringens 產(chǎn)氣莢膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艱難梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相關(guān)性腹瀉pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性結(jié)腸炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒狀桿菌Y