預(yù)防滑倒、絆倒、跌倒

1、Slips, Trips, and Falls PreventionSlips, Trips, and Falls Prevention滑倒、絆倒和跌倒的預(yù)防滑倒、絆倒和跌倒的預(yù)防Issue S T FIssue S T F問(wèn)題問(wèn)題 滑倒、絆倒滑倒、絆倒&跌倒跌倒STFs represents #1 cause of injury滑倒、絆倒滑倒、絆倒&跌倒（跌倒（STF）是）是造成損傷的第造成損傷的第1原因原因STFs occur in any part of the workplace whether inside or outside. STF的發(fā)生會(huì)出現(xiàn)的發(fā)生會(huì)出現(xiàn)在室內(nèi)

2、外工作場(chǎng)所的任何地方在室內(nèi)外工作場(chǎng)所的任何地方STFs may result in serious outcomes STF可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果STFs cost to both worker and employer can be great STF可以給雇員和雇主帶來(lái)巨大的可以給雇員和雇主帶來(lái)巨大的損失損失STFs is like stepping on money STF帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失To Worker對(duì)對(duì)雇員雇員而言：而言：To Employer對(duì)對(duì)雇主雇主而言：而言：Pain疼痛lost wages損失薪水temporary or permanent disab

3、ility暫時(shí)或永久性殘疾reduced quality of life生活質(zhì)量減低Depression沮喪消沉loss in productivity and business生產(chǎn)和業(yè)務(wù)受損increased industrial insurance premiums工傷保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用升高costs associated with training replacement worker與培訓(xùn)替代雇員有關(guān)的成本cost of medical treatment醫(yī)療成本Slip滑倒滑倒絆倒絆倒TripDefinition of STFDefinition of STF滑倒、絆倒滑倒、絆倒&跌倒

4、（跌倒（STFSTF）的定義）的定義When your foot (or lower leg) hits an object and your upper body continues moving, throwing you off balance.當(dāng)你的腳部（或小腿）碰到一個(gè)物體，而你的上身繼續(xù)移動(dòng)時(shí)，你會(huì)失去平衡。Occurs when you are too far off your center of balance.當(dāng)你距離自身的平衡中心點(diǎn)過(guò)遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，你會(huì)跌倒。 When you step down unexpectedly to a lower surface (Misstep) a

5、nd lose your balance, e.g., stepping off a curb.當(dāng)你突然踏空（失足）并失去平衡時(shí)，比如，在道牙上踏空。When there is too little friction or traction between your feet (footwear) and the walking or working surface, and you lose your balance.當(dāng)你的腳部（鞋）與行走或工作的路面之間的摩擦力或牽引力過(guò)小時(shí)，你因此失去平衡。Trip絆倒絆倒Definition of STF Friction: The resistanc

6、e encountered when an object (foot) is moved in contact with another (ground). Friction is necessary in order to walk without slipping. STF摩擦力摩擦力的定義：一個(gè)物體（腳部）與另一個(gè)物體（地面）接觸并在該物體上移動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的阻力。摩擦力是平穩(wěn)行走的必要因素。Fall跌倒跌倒Common types of STF Injuries:Common types of STF Injuries:滑倒、絆倒滑倒、絆倒&跌倒造成的常見(jiàn)傷害類型：跌倒造成的常見(jiàn)傷害

7、類型： Sprains, strains 扭傷、拉傷扭傷、拉傷 Bruises, contusions 瘀傷、挫傷瘀傷、挫傷 Fractures 骨折骨折 Abrasions, lacerations 擦傷、破口擦傷、破口Commonly affected Body Parts:Commonly affected Body Parts:容易受傷的身體部位：容易受傷的身體部位： Knee, Ankle, Foot 膝蓋、踝部、腳部膝蓋、踝部、腳部 Wrist, Elbow 手腕、肘部手腕、肘部 Back 后背后背 Shoulder 肩膀肩膀 Hip 髖部髖部 Head 頭部頭部According

8、 to the U. S. Department of Labor, slips, trips, and falls make up the majority of general industry accidents.根據(jù)美國(guó)勞工部的數(shù)據(jù)，滑倒、絆倒和跌倒占一般工傷事故的大部分。25% of reported claims per fiscal year are due to STF在每財(cái)年的上報(bào)索賠記錄中，25%與滑倒、絆倒和跌倒有關(guān)。Over 17% of all disabling work injuries are the result of falls在所有導(dǎo)致殘疾的工傷中，超過(guò)1

9、7%是由跌倒造成的。Human Factors Increasing the Risk of Human Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and FallsSlips, Trips and Falls增加滑倒、絆倒增加滑倒、絆倒&跌倒發(fā)生的人為因素跌倒發(fā)生的人為因素Factors of STF導(dǎo)致滑倒、絆倒&跌倒的因素Health and physical condition can impair a persons vision, judgment, and balance.健康和身體狀況會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的視覺(jué)、判斷力和平衡

10、性-Eyesight, visual perception視力、視覺(jué)感知-Age年齡-Physical state, fatigue身體狀況、疲勞-Stress, illness壓力、疾病-Medications, alcohol, drug藥物治療、飲酒、吸毒Behaviours actions you choose and control can contribute to a slip, trip, and fall injury if you set yourself up for one.行為 如果你馬虎大意，那么你選擇和支配的行為將會(huì)導(dǎo)致滑倒、絆倒和跌倒損傷。Carrying or

11、 moving cumbersome objects, or too many objects, that obstruct your view impair your balance and prevent you from holding onto handrails 手提或搬動(dòng)笨重的物品或過(guò)多物品會(huì)妨礙你的視野，影響你的平衡并使你無(wú)法扶著扶手。Poor housekeeping (allowing clutter to accumulate, not maintaining clean dry floors, etc.)不合格的環(huán)境整潔狀況（使混亂狀態(tài)不斷加重，未能保持地面的干凈和干爽等

12、）Using improper cleaning methods (e.g., incorrectly using wax or polish; or trying to clean up grease spill with water)使用不當(dāng)?shù)那鍧嵎椒ǎㄈ?，不?dāng)使用蠟或上光劑；或試圖用水來(lái)清洗油脂溢出物）Not using signage when slip or trip hazards exist當(dāng)滑倒或絆倒危險(xiǎn)存在時(shí)，沒(méi)有使用標(biāo)志牌Inattentive Behavior: walking, distractions (e.g., using cell phone, talking

13、and not watching where youre going, etc.)分散精力的行為：走路時(shí)分散注意力的行為（如，打電話、走路時(shí)與人交談及沒(méi)有注意觀察等）Taking shortcuts; not using walkways or designated, cleared pathways; being in a hurry, rushing around抄近路：未使用通道或指定的無(wú)障礙物路徑；匆忙趕路Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and Falls

14、Trips and Falls滑倒、絆倒滑倒、絆倒&跌倒發(fā)生增加的因素跌倒發(fā)生增加的因素 Clutter混亂的環(huán)境混亂的環(huán)境 Not Paying Attention馬虎大意馬虎大意Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and Fallsand Falls令滑倒、絆倒令滑倒、絆倒&跌倒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的因素跌倒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的因素 Not Paying Attention馬虎大意馬虎大意Improper Method of Carrying Items不當(dāng)

15、搬運(yùn)物品不當(dāng)搬運(yùn)物品 Other common hazards to Look out ForOther common hazards to Look out For 警惕其他常見(jiàn)的危險(xiǎn)警惕其他常見(jiàn)的危險(xiǎn)Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and Falls contdFactors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and Falls contd 滑倒、絆倒滑倒、絆倒&跌倒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的因素（續(xù)）跌倒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的因素（續(xù)）HousekeepingHousekeeping環(huán)境整潔環(huán)境整潔 Close f

16、ile cabinet or storage drawers關(guān)上文件柜或抽屜 Report cables/wires that cross walkway報(bào)告出現(xiàn)在通道上的電纜/電線 Keep working areas and walkways well lit and clear保持工作場(chǎng)所和通道的良好照明及清潔情況 Report burned out bulbs報(bào)告燈泡短路 Be aware of your surroundings and report any perceived danger留心周?chē)奈锲?，?bào)告潛在的危險(xiǎn)Housekeeping DONTsHousekeeping D

17、ONTs環(huán)境整潔環(huán)境整潔 避免避免-Prop fire doors open. 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間打開(kāi)防火門(mén) Store materials in stairwells. 在樓梯間存放物品-Store trash cans in front of doorway. 將垃圾桶擺放在門(mén)口-Use cinderblock to prop open the doors. 為保持門(mén)的敞開(kāi)狀態(tài)而用爐渣磚抵住門(mén)-Use chair to block an emergency cut-off valve. 用椅子擋住緊急切斷閥-Place chairs in dangerous areas. For example, t

18、he chair in the picture could represent a struck against hazard. Someone could sit in the chair, and strike their head on the pipe and valve behind it. 將椅子放在危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域。比如，圖片中的椅子可能是導(dǎo)致碰撞的危險(xiǎn)因素。坐在椅子上的人可能將頭撞到身后的管子和閥門(mén)上。-This chair could also encourage smoking in the stairwell. 這把椅子也可能增加人們?cè)跇翘蓍g吸煙的幾率。 Slip, Trip a

19、nd Fall HazardSlip, Trip and Fall Hazard滑倒、絆倒和跌倒危險(xiǎn)滑倒、絆倒和跌倒危險(xiǎn)PROBLEM問(wèn)題 Slip: if it is wet outside and the mat is folded back, then the floor is getting wet instead of the mat absorbing the water.滑倒：如果戶外潮濕而墊子翻卷，那么墊子就無(wú)法起到吸水的作用，地面也會(huì)隨之變得潮濕。Trip: the mat is folded back and someone could catch their foot o

20、n the mat and trip.絆倒：因?yàn)閴|子翻卷，有人可能將腳刮到墊子并因此絆倒。Fall: both a wet floor and caught foot could contribute to a fall. 跌倒：潮濕的地面和腳刮到墊子的情況都可能導(dǎo)致跌倒的發(fā)生。Can you identify the hazardCan you identify the hazard你能發(fā)現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)嗎你能發(fā)現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)嗎This slide represents a trip hazard. Here you can see an electrical cord in the middle of th

21、e walkway. This cord is plugged into an electrical outlet.本頁(yè)顯示出一個(gè)絆倒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。圖片中，一條電線橫在通道的中間。這條電線插在插座中。 Contact Facilities Management to rearrange the room so that the piece of equipment is close to the outlet or have an additional outlet installed.聯(lián)系設(shè)施管理部門(mén)來(lái)重新安排房間的布局，使這臺(tái)設(shè)備緊靠插座或者安裝額外的插座。 If there is no way to rearrange the roo