物流專業(yè)英語翻譯

1、What  is  logistics  Management? 什么是物流管理1.The  Definition  of  logistics物流管理的定義After  completing  a  commercial  transaction,  logistics  will  execute  the  transfer of goodsfrom  the  supplier(seller)to&

2、#160; the  customer(buyer)  in  the most  cost-effective  manner.  This  is  the  definition  of  logistics.  During the  transfer  process,  hardware  such  as  logistics  facilities  and 

3、equipment  (logistics  carriers)  are  needed,  as  well  as  information  control  and  standardization.  In  addition,  supports  from  the  government  and  logistics  association  should 

4、; be  in  place.  完成商業(yè)交易后 物流將以最有效的成本方式以最有效的成本方式實(shí)行從供應(yīng)商（賣方）到客戶（買方）貨物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。這就是物流的定義。在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過程中，像物流設(shè)施和設(shè)備（物流運(yùn)輸工具）之類的硬件是必要的，也需要信息控制和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理。 另外，來自政府和物流協(xié)會(huì)的支持應(yīng)該到位。Three  major  functions  of  logistics.物流的三個(gè)主要功能            

5、;          (1)   Creating  time  value:  same  goods  can  be  valued  different  at  different  times.  Goods  often  stop  during  the  transfer  process

6、,  which  is  professionally  called  the  storage  of  logistics.  It  creates  the  time  value  for  goods. 創(chuàng)造時(shí)間價(jià)值：同樣的貨物在不同的時(shí)間有不同的價(jià)值。貨物常常在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過程中處于滯留狀態(tài)，用專業(yè)術(shù)語來說這被叫做物流儲(chǔ)存。它創(chuàng)造貨物的時(shí)間價(jià)值。(2)   Creating  location&

7、#160; value:  same  goods  can  be  valued  differently  at  different  locations.  The  value  added  during  the  transfer  process  is  the  location  value  of  logistics.創(chuàng)造場所價(jià)值：同樣的貨物在不同

8、的場所可被不同地定值。轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過程中被累加的價(jià)值就是物流的場所價(jià)值。(3)   Distribution  processing  Value:  sometimes  logistics  create  distribution  processing  value,  which  changes  the  length,  thickness  and  packages of  the 

9、goods.  Like  popular  saying,  “cutting  into  smaller  parts”  is  the most  commonly  seen  distribution  processing  form.  Most  processing  within  logistics  create  added  value 

10、; for  goods.經(jīng)銷過程價(jià)值：有時(shí)物流創(chuàng)造經(jīng)銷過程價(jià)值，這一經(jīng)銷過程改變貨物的長度、厚度和包裝。 正像流行說法，“分割成更小塊”是最常見的經(jīng)銷加工形式。物流的大部分過程創(chuàng)造貨物的附加值。Logistics  is  a  new  commercial  area,  developing  from  the  traditional  stage  to  a  modern  one.  The  main&#

11、160; differences  between  these  two  stages  include:物流是一項(xiàng)新的商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，從傳統(tǒng)階段到現(xiàn)代階段發(fā)展而來。這兩個(gè)階段間的主要不同點(diǎn)包括：(1)  Modern  logistics  adopts  containerization  techniques.  The  goods  transfer  process  starts  with  packaging,

12、  followed  by  transportation,  storage  and  distribution.  The  whole  process  is  operated  under  logistics  standards.  Based  on  the  logistics  base  module  of  600×400mm,

13、60; form  the  logistics  module  of  1,200×1,000mm,  and  enlarge to the size of 2,591×2,438mm -the  size  of  high×wide  of  the  container.  It  can  be  adjusted  to  the standard 

14、sizes  of  containers for  trains,  trucks  and  ships. 現(xiàn)代物流采用集裝箱運(yùn)輸技術(shù)。 貨物運(yùn)輸過程從包裝開始，接著是運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存及經(jīng)銷。整個(gè)過程在物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下進(jìn)行基于物流600×400MM的基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)，形成1,200×1,000mm的物流模數(shù)，并放大到2,591×2,438mm的尺寸即集裝箱高乘寬的尺寸。它也能被調(diào)整到適于鐵運(yùn)、汽運(yùn)和船運(yùn)的集裝箱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸。  Information  technologies  are

15、0; most  important  for  modern  logistics.  Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systemsdramatically  improve  the  efficiency  and  accuracy of the  logistics  activities. Internet  further  assists

16、 the  market  development,  operations  and  management  of  the  logistic  industry. 信心息技術(shù)對(duì)現(xiàn)代物流來說極其重要。條碼，銷售點(diǎn)，電子數(shù)據(jù)交換和全球定位系統(tǒng)極大地提高了五六活動(dòng)的效率和精確性。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了物流行業(yè)的市場開發(fā)、市場操作和管理。2.  Activities  Included  in  Logistics  Management物流管理的

17、內(nèi)部活動(dòng)(1)  Customer  service.  Customer  service  is  defined  “a  customer-oriented  philosophy  that  integrates  and  manages  all  customer  interface  within the  lowest  possible  costs 

18、 to  achieve  optimum  results.”  Customer  services  bind  all  logistics  activities.  Whether  a  customer  receives  the  right product  under  all  the  right  conditions  will  af

19、fect  all  other  operations.  客戶服務(wù)?？蛻舴?wù)被定義為：以客戶至上為宗旨，以最可能低的成本整合、管理所有客戶管理的交界面以取得最佳效果客戶服務(wù)將所有的物流活動(dòng)連接在一起客戶是否能在適當(dāng)?shù)那榫笆盏胶线m的產(chǎn)品將影響到其他操作活動(dòng)。Order  processing.  “Order  processing  can  be  compared  to  the  human  bodys  central 

20、 nerve  system,  triggering  the  distribution  process  and  directing  the  actions  to  be  taken  in  satisfying  order  demand”.  Order  processing  activity  may  be  broken  down

21、  into  three  categories.  Firstly,  operating  elements,  such  as  order  entry/editing,  scheduling,  order-shipping  set  preparation,  and  invoicing.  Secondly,  communication  elements,  such&

22、#160;as ordermodification,  order  status  inquiries,  tracing  and  expediting,  error correction, and producinformation  requests;  and  lastly,  credit  and  collection  elements,  including  credi

23、t  checking  and  accounts  receivable  processing/collecting.  訂單處理。  訂單處理可以比作人的軀體的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)激發(fā)分銷過程并指導(dǎo)各種活動(dòng)得以進(jìn)行，以滿意訂貨要求。訂單處理活動(dòng)可以被分解成三個(gè)種類。第一，操作部分，諸如訂單錄入與校定，生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃運(yùn)輸方式的準(zhǔn)備工作以及貨物托運(yùn)清單。第二，溝通部分，諸如訂單修訂，訂貨狀況查詢，跟蹤，催促，錯(cuò)誤修正以及產(chǎn)品信息尋求等。最后，信貸與托收部分，包括信貸核查和有效賬戶的處理和托收。Custom  services

24、  plays  an  important  part  in  the  speed  and  accuracy  of  the  order  processing.  Advanced  systems  can  reduce  the  time  between  order  placement  and  shipment. 

25、 Orders  are  often  done  through  computer  systems.  Advanced  systems,  although  initially  expensive  to  the  company,  can  substantially  improve  accuracy  and  efficiency.  Often, 

26、; saving  in  other  logistics  expenses(such  as  inventory,  transportation  and  warehousing)  or  increased  sales  from  improved  customer  service  will  justify  the  cost  of  the&#

27、160; system.客戶服務(wù)在訂單處理的速度與精確性方面扮演一個(gè)重要角色。先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)能夠減少訂單下達(dá)與發(fā)貨之間的時(shí)間。 訂單常常通過計(jì)算即系統(tǒng)來完成。先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)雖然起初對(duì)公司來說很昂貴，但它能大大地提高業(yè)務(wù)的準(zhǔn)確性和效率。通常，別的物流開支（庫存，運(yùn)輸和倉儲(chǔ)）的節(jié)約，或來自客戶服務(wù)提升了的銷售的增長，將證明這一系統(tǒng)提升了的成本是非常值得的。(3)    Communication  in  logistics.  Success  in  todays  business  envir

28、onment  requires  the  management  of  a  complex  communications  system.  Effective  communication  should  exist  between:物流溝通 要取得當(dāng)今商務(wù)環(huán)境的成功，就需要復(fù)雜溝通體系的管理。有效的溝通應(yīng)該存在于下面各項(xiàng)之間：(a)  the  company,  its  customers  a

29、nd  suppliers;  公司及其客戶和供應(yīng)商；(b)  major  operations  of  the  company  such  as  marketing,  manufacturing,  logistics,  and  finance/accounting       公司的主要運(yùn)作，比如：市場，生產(chǎn)，物流，財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì)；(c)  logistics-relat

30、ed  activities  such  as  customer  service,  traffic  and  transportation,  warehousing  and  storage,    order  processing,  and  inventory  control; 與物流相關(guān)的活動(dòng)，比如：客戶服務(wù)，交通運(yùn)輸，倉儲(chǔ)與保管，訂單處理和庫存控制。 (d) Components of e

31、ach logistics acticity (within inventory control,for example,would be inplant inventory,inventory in transit,and inventory in field warehouses).   每個(gè)組成部分的物流活性（在庫存控制，例如，將inplant清單，清單中過境，和在外地的倉庫存貨）。Communication is the vital link between the entire logistics process and customers. 通信之間的重要聯(lián)系，

32、整個(gè)物流過程和客戶。A firm's communications system may be as sophisticated as a computerized management information system (MIS) or as simple as word-of-mouth communicated to individuals who"need to konw”. 要判斷一家公司的通信系統(tǒng)可作為一種先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)管理信息系統(tǒng)（ MIS ）或簡單的口耳相傳的傳達(dá)給個(gè)人誰“需要知道” 。(4) Inventory control.The inventory

33、control is important to ensure a sufficient supply of product to meet customer and manufacturing requirements.Inventory consumes space and capital. The cost of store inventory can be 14 to over 50 percent of the total cost. Successful inventory control involves determining enough inventories to sati

34、sfy customer demand and considering the cost of performing other logistics activities.清單對(duì)照庫存控制重要的是要確保有足夠的產(chǎn)品以滿足客戶和生產(chǎn)要求。庫存消耗的空間和資本。成本倉儲(chǔ)可14日至百分之五十以上的總成本。成功的庫存控制涉及確定足夠的庫存來滿足客戶的需求，并考慮成本履行其他后勤活動(dòng)。(5) Forecasting demands. Demand forecasting involves determining the amount of product and service that custome

35、rs will require in the future. If is important to all operations such as marketing, manufacturing, and logistics.預(yù)測的要求。需求預(yù)測涉及確定數(shù)額的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，客戶將需要在未來。如果是很重要的所有操作，如市場營銷，生產(chǎn)和物流。* Marketing forecasts determine promotional strategies, allocation of force,pricing strategies,and market research activities. 市場預(yù)測

36、確定的促銷策略，分配部隊(duì)，定價(jià)策略，市場調(diào)研活動(dòng)。* Manufacturing forecasts determine production schedules, and acquisition strategies, and in-plant inventory decisions.制造業(yè)預(yù)測確定生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，收購戰(zhàn)略，并在工廠庫存的決定。* Logistics forecasts determine product transportation and storage. 物流預(yù)測確定產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存。Demand forecasting enables managers to allocat

37、e their resources (budgets) effectively to meet demands. Forecasting can be difficult given the market uncertainties. However, the company should undertake demand forecasting and communicate the results to other departments. Sophisticated computer models,trend analysis, sales force estimates, or oth

38、er methods can help develop such forecasts.使管理人員需求預(yù)測分配其資源（預(yù)算）有效地滿足需求。預(yù)測可能很難獲得市場的不確定性。不過，該公司應(yīng)進(jìn)行需求預(yù)測和溝通的結(jié)果向其他部門。先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)模型，趨勢分析，銷售人員的估計(jì)，或其他方法可以幫助制定這樣的預(yù)測。(6) Transportion. The goods glow is depended on transportation process, it includes selecting the method of shipment(rail, water, truck, air and pipeli

39、ne),choosing a specific path (routing); complying with various local, state and federl transportation regulations; and being aware of both domestic and international traffic requirements. Transportation is often the largest part in the logistics cost.運(yùn)輸。貨物輝光是取決于運(yùn)輸進(jìn)程，它包括選擇的方法，貨物（鐵路，水路，卡車，空運(yùn)和管道） ，選擇一個(gè)

40、特定的路徑（路由） ;遵守各種地方，州和federl交通法規(guī);和正在認(rèn)識(shí)到國內(nèi)和國際交通的需求。交通往往是最大部分的物流成本。(7) Warehousing and storage. Products must be stored at any places unless consumers need them immediately. Warehousing and storage are activities that manage the space needed to hold the inventories. Specific storage activities include:

41、deciding whether the storage facility should be owned, leased, or rented; warehouse layout and design; product mix considerations; safety and maintenance; security systems; personal training;and productivity measurement.倉庫和儲(chǔ)存。產(chǎn)品必須存放在任何地方，除非消費(fèi)者需要立即。倉庫和儲(chǔ)存的管理活動(dòng)的空間需求舉行清單。特定儲(chǔ)存活動(dòng)包括：決定是否儲(chǔ)存設(shè)施應(yīng)擁有，租借，或租用倉庫的布局

42、和設(shè)計(jì);產(chǎn)品組合的考慮;安全和維修;安全系統(tǒng);個(gè)人培訓(xùn);和生產(chǎn)率衡量。(8) Plant and warehouse site selection. The strategic site near the specific markets can improve the customer service levels and lower transportation costs. When making a site decision, we need to research the product market, customer demands, location of raw mater

43、ials, component parts and subassemblies. Other major considerations include labor rates, transportation, taxes, security , laws, local community (such as the attitude towards a new industry) land cost, and infrastructure.工廠和倉庫選址。附近的戰(zhàn)略地點(diǎn)的具體市場可以提高客戶服務(wù)水平和降低運(yùn)輸成本。當(dāng)一個(gè)網(wǎng)站的決定，我們需要研究產(chǎn)品市場，客戶需求，位置的原材料，部件和組件。其他主

44、要考慮因素包括勞動(dòng)力成本，運(yùn)輸，稅收，安全，法律，地方社區(qū)（如態(tài)度，一個(gè)新的行業(yè)）的土地成本和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。(9) Material handling. It is concerned with handling of all materials, parts, fittings, inventory, and finished goods within a plant or warehouse. Its objectives are 物料搬運(yùn)。它關(guān)注的是搬運(yùn)所有材料 ，零件，配件，庫存和成品在工廠或倉庫。其目標(biāo)是* Reduce handling possibly 處理可能減少* Minimiz

45、e travel distance 盡量減少旅行距離* Minimize goods in process 盡量減少貨物在進(jìn)程* Provide uniform flow without any negtive element 提供統(tǒng)一的流動(dòng)沒有任何負(fù)元素* Minimize losses (damaged or stolen goods) 盡量減少損失（損壞或被盜貨物）Handling or carrying is the most frequent activities in the logistics, but generally adds no value to a product,

46、these operations should be kept to a minimum. Material handling plays a vital role in reducing inventory, lowering costs, and increasing productivity.處理或攜帶是最常見的物流活動(dòng)，但一般說沒有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品，這些行動(dòng)應(yīng)保持在最低限度。材料處理方面起著重要作用，降低庫存，降低成本，并提高生產(chǎn)力。(10) Procurement. Procurement is the acquisition of materials and services from

47、other companies. Procurement includes selecting supply locations, determining forms of the material to be acquired, timing, price, quality control, and many other activities.  采購。采購是購買材料和服務(wù)的其它公司。采購包括選擇供應(yīng)地點(diǎn)，確定形式的材料將予收購，時(shí)間，價(jià)格，質(zhì)量控制，以及許多其他活動(dòng)。(11) Parts and service support. Logistics is heavily conn

48、ected with  many activities involved in repair and servicing of products. After sales service is usualy part of the transaction. Such as replacing parts when products break down or malfunction. Adequate supplies of spare and replacement parts should be available to customers in need. If the pro

49、duct fail to perform due to malfunction, the supplier of spare parts must respond quickly to avoid extra cost.零件和服務(wù)支持。物流是很大與許多活動(dòng)參與修理和服務(wù)的產(chǎn)品。售后服務(wù)通常是交易的一部分。如更換部件時(shí)，產(chǎn)品打破或故障。充足的備件和更換零件應(yīng)提供給客戶的需要。如果產(chǎn)品未能履行因發(fā)生故障，供應(yīng)商的零部件必須迅速作出反應(yīng)，以避免額外的費(fèi)用。(12) Packaging. Packaging performs two basic functions-marketing and logi

50、stics. Inmarketing the package acts promotion and advertising. Its size, weight, color, and printed information attract customers and convey knowledge of the product. When firms are involved in international marketing, packaging becomes even more important. Products sold to foreign countries travel

51、greater distances and undergo more handling operations. The logistics package is to protect the products during the process of logistics.包裝。包裝執(zhí)行兩個(gè)基本職能，營銷和物流。 Inmarketing一攬子促進(jìn)和廣告行為。其大小，重量，顏色和印刷信息吸引顧客，并轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)知識(shí)產(chǎn)品。當(dāng)企業(yè)參與國際市場營銷，包裝變得更加重要。產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷國外旅行更遠(yuǎn)的距離，并進(jìn)行更多的處理操作。物流包裝是保護(hù)產(chǎn)品的過程中的后勤工作。(13) Scrap disposal. The log

52、istics process must effectively and quickly handle, transpot, and store waste products. If they can be reused or recycled, logistics company should arrange and move them to the re-production and re-processing locations.廢料處置。物流過程中必須有效和迅速地處理， transpot ，并儲(chǔ)存廢品。如果可重復(fù)使用或循環(huán)再造，物流公司應(yīng)安排并將其移動(dòng)到重新生產(chǎn)和重新加工的位置。(14)

53、 Return goods hangling. The handling of return goods is often called reverse distribution. Buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons. Most logistics system are not good enough to handle such cases. In many industries, consumers return products for warranty repair, replacement,or recycling, reverse distribution costs may be very high. Reverse distribution will become more important as customers demand more f