專題12文學(xué)與藝術(shù)-五年高考2012018年英語閱讀理解話題分類解讀與訓(xùn)練原卷版

1、專題12文學(xué)與藝術(shù)“文學(xué)與藝術(shù)”是高中新課標(biāo)24話題之一。該話題主要包括各種文學(xué)類型、藝術(shù)形式、文化名人以及藝術(shù)家等方面?！拔膶W(xué)與藝術(shù)”這個(gè)話題與我們的實(shí)際生活密切相關(guān)，對(duì)于學(xué)生了解國內(nèi)外的文學(xué)與藝術(shù)形式，還有它們的特點(diǎn)、歷史、發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新等都有幫助。該話題能夠引導(dǎo)學(xué)生接受和尊重不同國家和民族的文學(xué)及藝術(shù)，并親身感受文學(xué)與藝術(shù)的魅力。“文學(xué)與藝術(shù)”話題是近幾年的高考英語必考話題之一，而且常以閱讀理解、完形填空、七選五以及書面表達(dá)的形式來考查，例如2018年浙江卷閱讀理解A篇，2017年浙江閱讀理解A篇，2016年全國卷III閱讀理解B篇；2015年全國卷I閱讀理解C篇；2015年重慶卷閱讀理解E

2、篇；2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷I閱讀理解D篇；2012年天津卷書面表達(dá)；2011年山東卷完形填空等。凄奧致鏈接.Passage1（2018年浙江卷）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說明文英國小說家CharlesDickens3245分鐘In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.PeoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacenturymostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719butnobodywantedtodoitprofess

3、ionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識(shí)字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady."Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhim

4、asitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharactersfromOliverTwisttoTinyTim-wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens?greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasm

5、uchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It?spar

6、tlytruethatDickens?styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It?spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit?salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedw

7、riter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossibleandimportantforourownculturetounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.21. WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A. Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B. Theywerepopularamongtherich.C. Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D. The

8、ywerewrittenmostlybywomen.22. DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature23. Whatistheauthor?spurposeinwritingthetext?A. Torememberagreatwriter.B. TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C. Toencouragestudies

9、onculture.D. TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.Passage2（2018年新課標(biāo)III卷）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說明文美國繪畫之父Benjamin3325分鐘BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel?shair.Therew

10、erenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged（蓬舌L）.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat?s10twasabouttoimprove.Tha

11、tyear,oneofBenjamin?scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin?sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings（版畫）byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penni

12、ngtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin?sparentsifhemighttaketheboytoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape（風(fēng)景）painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.Willia

13、mswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,"Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight."Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisint

14、roductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.21. Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A. Benjamin?svisittoPhiladelphia.B. Williams?influenceonBenjamin.C. ThebeginningofBenjamin?slifeasanartist.D. ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinpar

15、agraph3suggest?A. Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B. Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C. Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D. Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.23.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A. Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B. Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C. Hesenthimtoaschool

16、inPhiladelphia.D. Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.24.Williams?twobookshelpedBenjaminto.A. mastertheuseofpaintsB. appreciatelandscapepaintingsC. gettoknowotherpaintersD. makeuphismindtobeapainterPassage3（2016年新課標(biāo)III卷）體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說明文美國著名女作家發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)作素材3255分鐘OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWelty

17、decidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable."Hey,aren?tyoufromMississippi?"theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger."I?mfromMississippitoo."Withoutasecondthou

18、ght,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair."TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,"Weltysaid."Ididn?tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking."TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.W

19、elty?snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion（團(tuán)聚）."Myfriendsaid:,Nowwebelieveyourstories,?"Weltyadded."AndIsaid:,Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeople

20、thatmakemewritethem?Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation."Idon?tmakethemup,'shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.Idon?thaveto.Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty?speoplecomefromafternoonss

21、pentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment（片段）ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.25. WhathappenedwhenWeltywaswithherfriendsatthecafe?

22、A. Twostrangersjoinedher.B. Herchildhoodfriendscamein.C. Aheavyrainruinedthedinner.D. Somepeopleheldapartythere.26. Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph6referstoWelty?sA.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories27. WhatcanwelearnaboutthecharactersinWelty?sfiction?A.Theyliveinbigcities.B.Theyaremost

23、lywomen.C.Theycomefromreallife.D.Theyarepleasureseekers.Passage4（2015年重慶卷）體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說明文文化相對(duì)主義2775分鐘Thevaluesofartisticworks,accordingtoculturalrelativism（相對(duì)主義）,aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.Suchaview,however,failstoexplaintheabilityofsomeworksofarttoexcitethehumanmindacros

24、sculturesandthroughcenturies.HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.ItisneverraretofindthatMozartpacksJapaneseconcerthalls,asJapanesepainterHiroshigedoesParisgalleries.Uniqueworksofthiskindaredifferentfromtoday'spopularart,eveniftheybeganaswork

25、sofpopularart.Theyhavesetthemselvesapartintheirtimelessappealandwillprobablybeenjoyedforcenturiesintothefuture.Ina1757essay,thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause“thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform（不變的）inhumannaturethevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.HeobservedthatHomerwasstilla

26、dmiredaftertwothousandyears.Worksofthistype,hebelieved,spoketodeepandunvaryingfeaturesofhumannatureandcouldcontinuetoexistovercenturies.Nowresearchersareapplyingscientificmethodstothestudyoftheuniversalityofart.Forexample,evolutionarypsychologyisbeingusedbyliteraryscholarstoexplainthelonglastingthem

27、esandplotdevicesinfiction.Thestructuresofmusicalpiecesarenowopentoexperimentalanalysisasneverbefore.Researchfindingsseemtoindicatethatthecreationbyagreatartistisaspermanentanachievementasthediscoverybyagreatscientist.52. Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowaboutculturalrelativism?A.Itintroducesdiffere

28、ntculturalvalues.B. Itexplainsthehistoryofartisticworks.C. Itrelatesartisticvaluestolocalconditions.D. Itexcitesthehumanmindthroughouttheworld.53. InParagraph2,theartistsarementionedinordertoshowthat.A. greatworksofartcangobeyondnationalboundariesB. historygivesartworksspecialappealtosetthemapartC.

29、popularartsarehardlydistinguishablefromgreatartsD. greatartistsareskilledatcombiningvariouscultures54. AccordingtoHume,someworksofartcanexistforcenturiesbecauseA. theyareresultsofscientificstudyB. theyestablishsomegeneralprinciplesofartC. theyarecreatedbytheworld'sgreatestartistsD. theyappealtou

30、nchangingfeaturesofhumannature55. Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A. AreArtisticValuesUniversal?B. ArePopularArtsPermanent?C. IsHumanNatureUniform?D. IsCulturalRelativismScientific?事模料律【稱,Passage1體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說明文中國書法3366分鐘Inthesecondorthirdcentury,Chinesecalligraphy（書法）wasintrod

31、ucedtoKorea,anddevelopedrapidlyduringtheseventhcenturywhenmanycalligraphersandcalligraphicscriptsappeared.Thesescriptscanbefoundonstonetablets,bronzebellsandBuddhistscriptures.Intheeighthcentury,KimShaingbecameKorea?sfirstfamouscalligrapher.HelearnedChinesecalligraphywhenhewasachild,andstillpractice

32、ditwhenhewasinhis80s.Hehadagoodcommandofboththerunningandofficialscripts.Noneofhisoriginalworkssurvive,buthischaracterswereincludedinthreekindsofcopybooksoftabletinscriptions,theearliestintactcalligraphicworkfoundinKoreatoday,oneofwhichishistabletrunning-scripthandwritingofPoemonLushanWaterfall,apoe

33、mbyLiBaioftheTangDynasty.Intheseventhcentury,ChinesecalligraphyalsoreachedJapan.In615,aJapaneseprincemadeacopyofExplanationoftheLotusSutrawithasoftwritingbrush,theearliestextant（現(xiàn)存的）handwritinginJapantoday.Thecharactersaresmoothandharmonious,andrepresentascriptoftheJinDynasty.Intheeighthcentury,Sino

34、-Japaneseculturalexchangesdeveloped,andJapansentmanyofficials,studentsandmonkstoChina,wholivedinChinaforlongperiodsoftime.Whentheywentbacktotheirowncountry,theytookwiththemmanycalligraphicworks,especiallyworksbyWangXizhiandWangXianzhioftheJinDynasty,andOuyangXunandYanZhenqingoftheTangDynasty.Japanes

35、eMitsuakistudiedthestyleofWangXizhi,andbecameawell-knowncalligrapherinherownright.Inthecomingcenturies,worksbythecalligraphersoftheSong,Yuan,MingandQingdynastieswereintroducedtoJapan.Inthelate19thcentury,YangShoujing,whowasanenvoy（使節(jié)）fromtheQingDynastytoJapanandanexpertonbronzeandstoneinscriptions,t

36、ookanumberofcopybooksofstoneinscriptionsoftheNorthernWeiDynastytoJapan,whichinfluencedthestyleofJapanesecalligraphy.1.1 nwhichcenturydidChinesecalligraphybegintoadvanceinKorea?A.The2th.B.The3th.C.The7th.D.The8th.2.WelearnfromParagraph2thatKimShaing.A. wasthefirstKoreancalligrapherabout1200yearsagoB.

37、 begantolearnChinesecalligraphycarefullyattheageof80C. wasperfectlyfamiliarwithtwoformsofChinesecalligraphyD. wroteaveryfamouspoemcalledPoemonLushanWaterfall3.WhotooksomecalligraphicworksfromChinatoJapan?A.WangXizhi.B.YanZhenqing.C.KimShaing.D.YangShoujing.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. C

38、hineseCalligraphySpreadsAbroadB. ChineseCalligraphyIsRapidlyDevelopedC.ChineseCalligraphyGoesonaCulturalExchangePassage2體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說明文諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)2586分鐘Forthelast115years,theSwedishAcademyhasdecidedwhowillreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature,thusdeterminingwhowillbepromotedfromthegreatandtheneargreattotheim

39、mortal（不朽人物）.ButtodaytheAcademyiscomingunderheavycriticismbothfromwithinandwithout.CriticsarguethattheselectionofthewinnersoftenhaslesstodowithtruewritingabilitythanwiththepeculiarpoliticsinsidetheAcademyandSwedenitself.AccordingtoIngmarBjorksten,theculturaleditorforoneofthecountry?stwomajornewspape

40、rs,theprizecontinuestorepresent"whatpeoplecallaverySwedishexercise:reflectingSwedishtastes".TheAcademyhasdefendeditselfagainstsuchchargesofprovincialism（排夕卜主義）initsselection.ItsaysthatitsphysicaldistancefromthegreatliterarycapitalsoftheworldactuallyservestoprotecttheAcademyfromoutsideinflu

41、ences.Thismaywellbetrue,butcriticsrespondthatthisverydistancemayalsoberesponsiblefortheAcademy?sinabilitytohaveanaccurateideaofthetrendsintheliteraryworld.Regardlessofconcernsovertheselectionprocess,however,itseemsthattheprizewillcontinuetosurvivebothasanindicatoroftheliteraturethatwemosthighlyprais

42、e,andasadifficultgoalthatwritersseek.Iffornootherreason,theprizewillcontinuetobedesirableforthefinancialrewardsthataccompanyit.Notonlyisthecashprizeitselfconsiderable,buttheprizedramaticallyincreasessalesofanauthor?sbooks.1. WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A. TheresponsibilityoftheSwedishAcademy.B. Theh

43、istoryoftheSwedishAcademy.C. WhytheSwedishAcademyiscriticized.D. HowtheAcademychoosesprizewinners.2. WhatdoestheAcademythinkofitslocation?A. IthelpstheAcademymakefairchoices.B. ItputstheAcademyatadisadvantage.C. IthelpstheSwedishdeveloptheirtasteinliterature.D. ItmakestheAcademyunawareofliterarytren

44、ds.3. WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheNobelPrizeinLiteratureintheend?A.Itwillremainimportant.B. Itsselectionprocessmaychange.C. Nofinancialawardcancomparewithit.D. Itwillbemoredifficulttowinit.4. Whatistheauthor?sattitudetowardstheSwedishAcademy?A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.Passage3體裁話

45、題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說明文呼嘯山莊和米德爾馬契4046分鐘There?snothingbetterthanreadingagoodnovelforswitchingofffromthepressuresofstudying,particularlywhendoingsohelpsimproveyourgeneralknowledge,deepenyourculturalappreciationandsharpenyourownEnglishskillsatthesametime.Thefollowingtwomasterpiecesaremyselectionof"must-read&

46、quot;booksforanyonewhowantstogainabetterunderstandingofEnglishliterature.Asmostofthegreatworksthatwell-educatedpeopleareoftenexpectedtohavereadknownasthe"canon"wereprimarilywritteninthe19thcenturyoralittleafter,thesetwoalsofocusonthattimeperiod.Whetheryou?reanativeEnglishspeakerorjustlearn

47、ing,addthesebookstoyourreadinglistandmakeityourmissiontoreadthembeforetheyearisout.WutheringHeightsbyEmilyBront?ThistaleisasettextforGCSEandA-levelEnglishstudy,butawayfromthedemandsoftheclassroomit?seasiertoenjoyitsdramaandintensity.Populatedlargelybycharacterswhoseincapacitytocontroltheirownemotion

48、sleadstoviolenceandrevenge（報(bào)仇）,it?satalethatcoverstwogenerationsandtwofamilies.Attheheartofthestoryisthemysterious"gypsy",Heathcliff,adoptedasashabbychildintotheEarnshawfamilytoliveatWutheringHeights.Ashegrowsup,hebecomesclosetoMr.Earnshaw?sdaughterCatherine,fallinginlovewithher,onlytobeme

49、twithcrushing（毀壞性的）disappointmentwhenshemarriesEdgarLinton,akindandgentlemanfromneighbouringThrushcrossGrange.Heathcliffrunsawayanddisappearswithoutatrace.Threeyearslater,hereturns,nowarich,educatedmandeterminedtotakerevenge.MiddlemarchbyGeorgeEliotMiddlemarch,subtitled"AStudyofProvincialLife&q

50、uot;,isthestoryofthecitizensofaMidlandstowninthe1830s.Masterfullyweavingtogetherseveralplotlines,thenovelrecordsinformationaboutthefortunesofaninterestingcastofcharacters,exploringtheirmotivations,falsebeliefsandpreoccupations（思慮）.TheremarkablethingaboutMiddlemarchisthedetailandrealismwithwhichGeorg

51、eEliotdescribesemotions.Feelingsyouthoughtwereuniquetoyouaredescribedhereinawaythatcouldbedescribingyourownthoughts.It?soneofthereasonswhyMiddlemarchhasbeendescribedbynovelistsMartinAmisandJulianBarnesasoneofthegreatestEnglishnovelseverwritten;readitandyou?llsoonfindyourselfagreeingwiththem.1. Whatd

52、oestheunderlinedword"incapacity"probablymean?A.Refusal.B.Inability.C.Prejudice.D.Misunderstanding.2. WhatmaymakeMiddlemarchunusualorsurprisingtopeople?A. Itslivelydescriptionofthecountrylife.B. Theskillfulmixofitsdifferentthreadsofplot.C. Thecoexistenceofitsseveralirrelevantplotlines.D. Th

53、ewayEliotrevealsitscharacters?innerfeelings.3. WhydoestheauthormentionMartinAmisandJulianBarnes?A. TostatetheirattitudetowardsMiddlemarch.B. ToshowtheircontributiontoMiddlemarch.C. ToproveMiddlemarchisabookworthreading.D. TostresstheinfluenceMiddlemarchhasonthem.4. Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A. Whataretheadvantagesofreading?B. Shouldstudentsreadliteraryworks?C. EnglishnovelseveryoneshouldreadD. TipsonchoosingsuitablereadingmaterialsPassage4體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說明文說服人的藝術(shù)2776分鐘Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechnique