初升高高一英語銜接班第6講——閱讀理解一

1、（初升高）高一英語銜接班第6講一一閱讀理解（一）1一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：了解高中閱讀理解題的特點(diǎn)，掌握應(yīng)對(duì)不同類型閱讀理解題的做題技巧，提高閱讀能力二、學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)：了解閱讀理解題型中事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的特點(diǎn)，掌握做題技巧了解閱讀理解題型中主旨大意題的特點(diǎn)，掌握做題技巧三、課程精講：（一）重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解閱讀理解作為高中考查學(xué)生語言能力的重點(diǎn)，考試大綱提出了明確的要求：1）能把握閱讀材料的主要線索、時(shí)間和空間順序2）掌握閱讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。3）理解文中具體信息：既能理解具體事實(shí)，也能理解抽象概念。4）根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，通過上下文推斷生詞的詞義。5）能夠根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，根

2、據(jù)學(xué)生應(yīng)具備的知識(shí)，正確作出簡單推理和判斷。6）理解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠理解某句、某段的含義，并能把握全篇的文脈，并以此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。7）既要理解字面的意義，也要理解深層次含義，也就是理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。高考英語的閱讀理解也圍繞這一要求來命題，基本上可分為五類：主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)判斷題、綜合信息題、猜測(cè)詞義題、推理判斷題。本節(jié)課我們來介紹前三類型：1 .主旨大意題1）這類題型常見的提問方式有：What'sthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludetha

3、tWhichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?Agood/suitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe2）主題句主題句位于段首：先立論，再擺事實(shí)。例：Peopleusedtositawholelot.Youwouldwalkdownthestreetordrivedowntheroad,andtheretheywouldbeoutonthedoorsteps,sitting.Youcouldgodowntothestoreandsitonthebeachoutfrontinthesummeroraroundthef

4、ireinthewinter.Therewerestraight-backedchairs.Thereamongtheoilcansandtiresandspareparts,youcouldkickbackandsit.Whichsentenceisthetopicsentence?主題句位于段末：先擺事實(shí)，后作結(jié)論。例：SittingisanartthatisntgettingpassedalongPeopleusedtositawholelotHousesusedtohavesittingrooms,wherethegrown-upswouldgoafterSundaydinnerTha

5、tsortofthinglookslikedoingnoting.Arechargingbattery（正充電的電池）doesn'tlookasifit'sdoinganythingeither.Sittingrestoresyoursoul.Ifyouwanttoenjoyatrulyfulllife,don'tjustdosomethingsitthere.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytotellus?A. Peopleshouldmakebetteruseoftheirsittingroom.B. Peopleshouldspendles

6、stimewatchingTV.C. Peopleshouldpassdowntheirgoodhabits.D. Peopleshouldtakethingseasyfortheirowngood.主題句隱含在段意之中：沒有明顯的主題句，其中心思想包含在各個(gè)句子中。例：Aclosefriendsaid:"IfIcouldonlyfigurethisout,IthinkIcouldfindhappiness.haveheardthisbeforeandwillhearitagainIamsure.Manypeoplebelievethatfindinghappinessisallab

7、outfindingsomethingelsetheywant.Notmanyhaveeverfoundlongtermhappinessbyachievinganothergoal.Theanswertofindinghappinessistolookwithinyourself.Inotherwords,happinessisacompletelyinsidejob.Themostimportantpiecetofindhappinessistocomprehendhappinessisachoiceandnottheresultofanexperience.Ifallhappinessc

8、ouldbefoundastheresultofanacquisition（成就），meetingagoal,orhavinganything,thenaperson'shappinesswouldalwaysbesubjecttosomethingelse.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. Lookwithintofindhappiness.B. Happiness,achoiceortheresultofanexperience?C. ThedefinitionofhappinessD. Howcanwec

9、reatehappiness?3）選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)：不含細(xì)節(jié)信息和表示絕對(duì)意義的詞，能概括文章全部內(nèi)容。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)部分的概括，常含絕對(duì)意義的詞。E. 細(xì)節(jié)判斷題1）這類題型常見的提問方式有：WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue/True?WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas?Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfo

10、rWhat/Who/When/Where/How/Why?2）做細(xì)節(jié)題要用原文定位法根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句子、段落的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照。I.從原文直接找到答案所需的信息。在解答這類題時(shí)，我們可采用“對(duì)號(hào)入座”的方法。例：“ThepopularityofforeignwordsispartoftheJapaneseinterestinanythingnew."saysuniversitylecturerandwriterTakashiSatio,“Byusingaforeignwordyoucanmakeasubjectseemnew,whichmakesiteasierfort

11、hemediatopickup.”WhatadvantagesdoforeignwordshaveovertraditionalJapanesewords?A. Theideasexpressedinforeignwordssoundnew.B. Foreignwordsarebestsuitedforannouncement.C. Foreignwordsmakeanewsubjecteasiertounderstand.D. Theuseofforeignwordsmakesthemediamorepopular.n.對(duì)信息進(jìn)行加工。這類題目我們能夠在文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是做題所

12、直接需要的，因此需要我們對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行合理的加工處理，據(jù)此作簡單推理。例：Itisdifficultfordoctorstohelpapersonwithadamagedbrain.Withoutenoughblood,thebrainlivesforonlythreetofiveminutes.Moreoftenthedoctorscan'tfixthedamage.Sometimestheyareafraidtotrysomethingtohelpbecauseitisdangeroustoworkonthebrain.Thedoctorsmightmakethepersonwor

13、seifheoperatesonthebrain.Thebiggestdifficultyinoperatingonthedamagedbrainisthat.A. thetimeistooshortfordoctorsB. thepatientsareoftentoonervousC. thedamageisextremelyhardtofixD. theblood-coolingmachinemightbreakdown3.綜合信息題。這類題目的信息不僅僅涉及文章的某一句話，還可能涉及文章的幾句話，而且有時(shí)可能散落在文章的不同段落，因此要求我們把原文提供的信息綜合起來分析，不能斷章取義，張

14、冠李戴。例：Dr.Whitetriedhisideaon13monkeys.Firsthetaughtthemtododifferentjobs,thenheoperatedonthem.Hemadethemonkeys'bloodgothroughamachine.Themachinecooledtheblood.Thenthemachinesentthebloodbacktothemonkeys'brains.Whenthebrain'stemperaturewas10C,Dr.Whitestoppedthebloodtothebrain.After30minute

15、sheturnedthebloodbackon.Hewarmedthebloodagain.Aftertheiroperationsthemonkeyswereliketheyhadbeenbefore.Theywerehealthyandbusy.Eachonecouldstilldothejobsthedoctorhadtaughtthem.Whatistherightorderofthestepsintheoperation?a. sendthecooledbloodbacktothebrainb. stopthebloodtothebrainc. havethebloodcooledd

16、ownd. operateonthebrainA.a,b,c,dB.c,a,b,dC.c,b,d,aD.b,c,d,a（二）即學(xué)即練AABritishbaby,whosevenweeksagobecametheworld'syoungestheartandlungtransplant（移植）,diedoflungfailuretoday.JemwasonlytenweeksoldwhenhereceivedtheoperationatahospitaloutsideLondon.1. Whichofthefollowingistrue?A. Jemwastheyoungestbaby.

17、B. JemwasaBritishbaby.C. JemwastheyoungestdoctoratahospitaloutsideLondon.D. Jemfailedtooperateonhispatient.2. Howoldwasthebabywhenhedied?A.seventydaysB.abouttwenty-onedaysC.about120daysD.forty-ninedays3. ThebesttitleforthepassageshouldbeA. AnoperationfailureB. ABritishbabyC. HowandwhyJemdiedD. Thewo

18、rld'syoungestheartandlungtransplantpatientBMrs.Faysavedformonthstobuycoatinthesummersales.Thenafterqueuingforninedaysshesetfiretothecoat,valuedat$795andboughtbyherinthesalefor$79.Aseverywoman'sdreamdisappearedinsmoke,shesaid:Iamverypleased.Ihatethefurtradebecauseitiscrueltoanimals.150minks（貂

19、）havediedtomakethisjacket.”1. Mrs.FaywasA.arichladyB.apoorwomanC.ahousewifewithoutmuchmoneyD.ahousewifeofwealth2. SheboughtthecoatformuchlessmoneythanitwasvaluedbecauseA. therewerefewpeoplebuyingfurcoat.B. thepriceinthesummersaleswaslower.C. shehadnomoremoneyforit.D. thereweremanypeoplebuyingforcoat

20、s.3. Mrs.Fayboughtthecoatinordertobyburningit.A.pleaseherselfB.makethepeoplelookingonsurprisedC.expressherkindnesstoanimalsD.dosomethingforanimal-protecting（三）高考鏈接Itisdifficultfordoctorstohelpapersonwithadamagedbrain.Withoutenoughblood,thebrainlivesforonlythreetofiveminutes.Moreoftenthedoctorscan

21、9;tfixthedamage.Somettheyareafraidtotrysomethingtohelpbecauseitisdangeroustoworkonthebrain.Thedoctorsmightmakethepersonworseifheoperatesonthebrain.Dr.RobertWhite,afamousprofessoranddoctor,thinksheknowsawaytohelp.Hethinksdoctorsshouldmakethebrainverycold.Ifitisverycold,thebraincanlivewithoutbloodfor3

22、0minutes.Thisgivesthedoctoralongertimetodosomethingforthebrain.Dr.Whitetriedhisideaon13monkeys.Firsthetaughtthemtododifferentjobs,thenheoperatedonthem.Hemadethemonkeys'bloodgothroughamachine.Themachinecooledtheblood.Thenthemachinesentthebloodbacktothemonkeys'brains.Whenthebrain'stemperat

23、urewas10C,Dr.Whitestoppedthebloodtothebrain.After30minutesheturnedthebloodbackon.Hewarmedthebloodagain.Aftertheiroperationsthemonkeyswereliketheyhadbeenbefore.Theywerehealthyandbusy.Eachonecouldstilldothejobsthedoctorhadtaughtthem.1. Thebiggestdifficultyinoperatingonthedamagedbrainisthat.A. thetimei

24、stooshortfordoctorsB. thepatientsareoftentoonervousC. thedamageisextremelyhardtofixD. theblood-coolingmachinemightbreakdown2. Thebrainoperationwasmadepossiblemainlyby.A. takingthebloodoutofthebrainB. tryingtheoperationonmonkeysfirstC. havingthebloodgothroughamachineD. loweringthebrainstemperature3.

25、WithDr.Whitesnewidea,theoperationonthedamagedbrain.A. canlastaslongas30minutesB. cankeepthebrainsbloodwarmC. cankeepthepatientsbrainhealthyD. canhelpmonkeysdodifferentjobs4. Whatistherightorderofthestepsintheoperation?a. sendthecooledbloodbacktothebrainb. stopthebloodtothebrainc. havethebloodcooledd

26、ownd. operateonthebrainA.a,b,c,dB.c,a,b,dC.c,b,d,aD.b,c,d,a四、下講預(yù)告下一講將講解閱讀理解題型中推理判斷題和猜測(cè)詞義題的做題技巧?！就骄毩?xí)】（答題時(shí)間：35分鐘）AClivewasclimbinganoldtreeonButterHill.HisfatherandMr.Drewweremakingconversationnotfaraway,whichClivecouldoverhear.“NorthDakota,capitalBismarck,saidClive“'sfather.“YesandofSouthDakotai

27、t'Pserre.Delawarenext,capitalDover,withapopulationofonly5,000“Clivelistened,checkingthenames.WhentheygotstuckonIndiana,hecamedownthetreeandwentacrosstothem.“Letmeseenow,"Mr.Drewwassaying,“Indiana,IndianathecapitalmustbeFortWayne.”“No,saidtheother,“Ithinkit'sEvansville.”“Indianapolis,sai

28、dClive."That'stheeasiestofalltoremember.”Boththemenlaughed."He'sright,youktaEjrewsaid.Clive'sfatheragreed,“Yes,yes.Indiana,Indianapolis.NowKansas.”Clive,whowasthirteenthen,wasnotverycleveratschool.Butatthemomenthefeltratherproudofhimself.Lookingbacknow,aftermanyyears,Cliveremem

29、berssomeofthewayshelearnedgeography.Onethingheremembersclearlyisthe“tesatfookplaceeveryotherweek.TheteacherusedtopinupabigmapontheboardChinaperhaps,ortheUnitedStates,AustraliaorEuropeThemapwouldhaveeverythingonit,exceptthenames.Theteacher,pointingwithalong,woodenstick,began.“Ready?Fiftyquestions.Num

30、ber1-writethenameofthisriver.Number2thenameofthisstate.3itscapital,here.4thenameofthisbay.5.”Clivehasquiteforgottenwhetherheenjoyedlearninggeographyornot.Hedidn'tconsidertherightsorwrongs.Thoughhehasneverstudiedgeographysinceheleftschool,hehasneverforgottenit.Heisgladaboutthewayhelearned.Thework

31、mighthavebeendull,unexciting;butevenso,thedullnesshasgivenhimalifetimeofinterest,understandingandpleasure.1. Thispassageshowsthatthetwomen.A. gaveClivearegulartestingeographyB. wereinterestedingeographyC. likedsomemodernwaysofteachingD. discouragedClive'sfeelingofpride2. Indianapoliswastheeasies

32、tofalltorememberbecauseA. itisthecapitalofthestate.B. itislargerthantheothercitiesinthestate.C. Clivehadlearneditsowell.D. itrepeatsthenameofthestate.3. Inthispassagethemapsweresuitablefortheirpurposebecause.A. theydidn'tgiveanynamesB. theyshowedeverythingthatthestudentshadlearntC. theymadethete

33、stinterestingD. theymadeiteasytorememberthings4. WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A. Clive'sgeographywaspoor.B. Clivesgeographyteacherdidntteachwell.C. Clivesteachertaughtgeographywell.D. Clivewasproudofhiscleverness.5. Nowthathehasgrownup,Clivethinksthat.A. learningplaceisnotallthatimportantB. hisgeog

34、raphylessonsmusthavebeenenjoyableC. hewasluckytohavebeentaughtinthatwayD. youwontrememberitunlesstheworkisinterestingBOHenrywasapennameusedbyanAmericanwriterofshortstories.HisrealnamewasWilliamSydneyPorter.HewasborninNorthCarolinain1862.Asayoungboyhelivedanexcitinglife.Hedidnotgotoschoolforverylong,

35、buthemanagedtoteachhimselfeverythingheneededtoknow.Whenhewasabout20yearsold,O-HenrywenttoTexas,wherehetrieddifferentjobs.Hefirstworkedonanewspaper,andthenhadajobinabank.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,OHenrywasbelievedtohavestolenit.Becauseofthat,hewassenttoprison.Duringthethreeyearsinprison,hel

36、earnedtowriteshortstories.Afterhegotoutofprison,hewenttoNewYorkandcontinuedwriting.HewrotemostlyaboutNewYorkandthelifeofthepoorthere.Peoplelikedhisstories,becausesimpleasthetaleswere,theywouldfinishwithasuddenchangeattheend,tothereaders'surprise.1. InwhichorderdidOHenrydothefollowingthings?a.LivedinNewYork.b.Workedinabankc.TravelledtoTexasd.WasputinprisonA.a,b,d,cB.c,b,d,aC.b,d,c,aD.b,d,a,c2. PeopleenjoyedreadingO-Henry'sstoriesbecause.A.theyhadsurpriseend