考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題閱讀長(zhǎng)難句句精析

1、考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions,for exampleand many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【譯文】  盡管

2、警告常常是適當(dāng)而且必須的比如對(duì)于藥物相互作用的危險(xiǎn)提出警告許多警告還是按州或聯(lián)邦政府規(guī)定要求給出的，然而(我們) 并不清楚，如果顧客受到傷害時(shí)，這些警告是不是確實(shí)可以使得生產(chǎn)者和銷售者豁免責(zé)任?！痉治觥?在這個(gè)主從復(fù)合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)it，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句，而that從句之后是一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件從句。從句由兩個(gè)部分組成，中間用

3、and連接。破折號(hào)之間的部分是舉例說(shuō)明warnings的內(nèi)容。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of trans

4、port . 【譯文】 由于人口猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使大量人口流動(dòng)變得相對(duì)容易) 所引起的各種問(wèn)題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力?！痉治觥?句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Additional social stresses may also occur because of.簡(jiǎn)單句+ because of表示的原因狀語(yǔ)，整句翻譯應(yīng)該根據(jù)先原因后結(jié)果的原則，將主句放在最后； because of后面有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)the population explosion or problems；名詞problems帶有現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)arising from mass migration movements； th

5、emselves指前面的名詞短語(yǔ)mass migration movements，后面的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)是themselves的定語(yǔ)。 3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.【譯文】 新聞?dòng)浾吆妥x者之間存在著社會(huì)和文化方面的脫節(jié)，這就是為什么新聞編輯室的“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式”似乎與許多讀者的意

6、趣相差甚遠(yuǎn)?！痉治觥?主句也是一個(gè)there加系動(dòng)詞的用法。而表語(yǔ)后都有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。本句的定語(yǔ)從句是which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。Alien 本義為異國(guó)的，此處是相差甚遠(yuǎn)，背道而馳。如果考生不了解standard templates的意思，可以從上下文中找其相同作用和功能的詞組，如上句中的 a story line和backbone，那么就應(yīng)該知道它們指的都是記者們?cè)趯懶侣労驮u(píng)論時(shí)固定的套路和思維。4. This phenomenon has

7、 created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.【譯文】 這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們對(duì)小型經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體、民族商人的作用以及世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的最終穩(wěn)定性的極大關(guān)注。【分析】 全句的主干是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人們的擔(dān)憂實(shí)際包含兩個(gè)方面(即句子的兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ))：一個(gè)是the role (of smaller econom

8、ic firms， of national businessmen) ，另一個(gè)是the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。但是由于兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，建議在翻譯時(shí)調(diào)整一下句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣句子肯定更通暢些。5. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWsthe locations,place names and name brands may chan

9、ge,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.【譯文】 當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并未比從前減弱。窗體頂端避暑別墅、窗體底端歐洲旅行、窗體頂端窗體底端寶馬車它們的位置、地名和窗體頂端窗體底端商標(biāo)可能會(huì)改變，但現(xiàn)在對(duì)這些東西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前減少。【分析】 此處出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)比較級(jí)，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decad

10、e or two years ago。另外要特別注意句中的雙重否定：一是do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly，一是do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。6. Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of America

11、n materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.【譯文】 相反，我們目睹了比以前任何時(shí)候都多的虛偽景觀：美國(guó)物欲主義批評(píng)家在南安普頓擁有一幢避暑別墅，激進(jìn)圖

12、書的出版商在三星級(jí)餐館就餐，倡導(dǎo)終生參與民主制的新聞?dòng)浾甙炎约旱淖优瓦M(jìn)私立學(xué)校。【分析】 本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性的定語(yǔ)從句 (which now more than ever seem in ample supply) 修飾spectacles。冒號(hào)后面的成分是三個(gè)并列的名詞性短語(yǔ)，其核心詞分別是critic，publisher和journalist。spectacles在文中意為“壯觀景象”，有一定的反諷意味。7. This does not mean that ambition is at an

13、end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.【譯文】 這并不意味著抱負(fù)已經(jīng)窮途末路，人們不再感覺到它對(duì)人們的激勵(lì)了；而只是說(shuō)明人們不再公開地以它為榮，更不愿公開地坦承了。【分析】 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主干是this does not mean，后面接了三個(gè)并列的that從句作mean的賓語(yǔ)。在第三個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中，it指代ambition，no longer openly honored是插入語(yǔ)

14、，作該從句的狀語(yǔ)。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思是that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition。8. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.【譯文】 對(duì)抱負(fù)的攻擊非常之多，而且觀點(diǎn)

15、不盡相同；公開為之辯解的則少之又少，而且并不為人注意，盡管他們并非一點(diǎn)吸引力也沒有?！痉治觥?此句是用分號(hào)隔開的兩個(gè)并列句，后面的一個(gè)分句中有一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，從整體上來(lái)修飾its public defenders，只不過(guò)先行詞用了where。9. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their re

16、aders.【譯文】 對(duì)新聞媒介這種令人震驚的不信任，其根源并非是報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧，而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞。【分析】 本句的主干是一個(gè)notbut 結(jié)構(gòu)。注意這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的是兩個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)。其核心詞分別是inaccuracy和the daily clash。本句的主干是The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted。兩個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)句子的狀語(yǔ)。10. Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successf

17、ul lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.【譯文】 幸好，如果門墊和爐子忘了提醒你可能的危險(xiǎn)，一切成功的訴訟就會(huì)賠償人的損失。大約從20世紀(jì)80年代初開始，陪審員開始越來(lái)越多的裁定公司必須為其顧客的不幸負(fù)責(zé)?！痉治觥?句子本身并不復(fù)雜，兩個(gè)句子表達(dá)了人們的想法。在第一個(gè)

18、句子中，if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster是指門墊或爐灶沒有警示語(yǔ)。在第二個(gè)句子中，or so the thinking has gone是一個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是or the thinking has gone so(或者說(shuō)人們是這么想的)。11. If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly

19、by outlook,values,education,and class.【譯文】 如果新聞界真的注意到了問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵，它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工，而進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層大相徑庭的各種記者。【分析】 本句是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)句。it代表上文提到的a troubled business，即“問(wèn)題重重的新聞界”。主語(yǔ)it跟了兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)成分：一是would open up its diversity program，二是(would)look for reporters。reporters后面跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。now fo

20、cused narrowly on race and gender是插入語(yǔ)，作program的定語(yǔ)。12. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is,“ Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”【譯文】 對(duì)于這樣的人，以及更多也許不太出色的人而言，恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨闇?zhǔn)則是：“不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功，但要避免讓人看出雄心勃勃?！薄痉治觥?For such people and many more perhaps not

21、so exceptional是句子的狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是the proper formulation，謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞is，表語(yǔ)是引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容。13. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.【譯文】在那些對(duì)外開放并鼓勵(lì)外資的國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，跨國(guó)公司的分支機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中一個(gè)快速增長(zhǎng)的生產(chǎn)部門。【分析】 本句的主干是International affiliates account f

22、or a fast-growing segment of production in economies，后面的that open up and welcome foreign investment是economies的定語(yǔ)從句。注意一些詞匯的含義：affiliate是名詞，意為“分支機(jī)構(gòu)”，此處是指在世界各地都有分支的多國(guó)公司，并且是全句的主語(yǔ)；account for是“的原因”；economies在此處指經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的國(guó)家概念，因此用復(fù)數(shù)。14. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave a

23、re the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands .【譯文】 我認(rèn)為引起這場(chǎng)合并浪潮的最重要力量與導(dǎo)致全球一體化的力量是相同的：運(yùn)輸通信費(fèi)用下降；貿(mào)易與投資障礙減少；市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大。這一切都需要擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)

24、往來(lái)滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。這對(duì)消費(fèi)者只會(huì)有利而不會(huì)有害?！痉治觥?本句是一個(gè)嵌套賓語(yǔ)從句，不過(guò)也并不難理解。主句是I believe that，that后面是Ibelieve的內(nèi)容。第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句修飾的是same，即the same that underlie the globalization process。冒號(hào)的內(nèi)容則進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明globalization process的內(nèi)容。15. And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many ot

25、her nations,as in the US vs. Microsoft case ?【譯文】 在那些將會(huì)影響許多其他國(guó)家的事情中，如美國(guó)政府與微軟公司的訴訟案，一個(gè)國(guó)家是否應(yīng)該擔(dān)負(fù)起“保護(hù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”的責(zé)任呢？【分析】 此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role，而that affect many other nations是issues的定語(yǔ)從句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case是issues的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。on issues是take upon itself the role的狀語(yǔ)。注意在閱讀本句的時(shí)候要抓住它

26、本身是一個(gè)文句，另外，vs.的意思對(duì)正確理解也很重要，它是指“對(duì)壘，對(duì)陣”，在法律的情景中就是“起訴，對(duì)簿公堂”的意思。16. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education,justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.【譯文】 旨在使學(xué)生勝任某種工作的教育是職業(yè)教育，它存在的理由與法律所規(guī)定的普及教育之間有很大差別。【分析

27、】 這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是An education，后面that引導(dǎo)的從句既是主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)是a technical education。過(guò)去分詞justified引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)修飾a technical education，radically different from why education is universally required by law是reasons的后置定語(yǔ)。17. Rather,we have a certain conception of the American citizen,a character who is incomplete if he cannot c

28、ompetently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.【譯文】 我們更應(yīng)該具有的是作為美國(guó)公民的某種觀念，這個(gè)公民人物如果不能很恰當(dāng)?shù)卣J(rèn)識(shí)到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影響，那么其公民特征就是不完整的?！痉治觥?這個(gè)句子的難點(diǎn)在于理解a certain conception of the American citizen，即a character outside of himself。這里的a character是指the American citi

29、zen，其后是一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；該定語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句，其中主句是who is incomplete，if引導(dǎo)條件從句，這個(gè)條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞assess跟了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。18. Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many internationa

30、l corporations.【譯文】 另外，在我們這么一個(gè)大國(guó)里，經(jīng)濟(jì)延展到這么多的州、涉及到這么多的國(guó)際公司，因而要按照數(shù)量培養(yǎng)出所需的各類專業(yè)人員是不大可能的?！痉治觥?這里的主語(yǔ)this指的是前面所說(shuō)的professional training，后面不定式短語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞produce的賓語(yǔ)是professional，前面的成分是修飾這個(gè)詞的短語(yǔ)，接著是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其中country帶了兩個(gè)修飾成分：前一個(gè)是形容詞性的短語(yǔ)as large as ours，后一個(gè)是where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)從句的主語(yǔ)the economy有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：is和involves，后面都用了相似的結(jié)構(gòu)so ma

31、ny，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。19. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experimentalthough no one had proposed to do soand asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to r

32、eport back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.【譯文】 他宣布自己反對(duì)使用這種非同尋常的畜牧繁殖技術(shù)來(lái)克隆人類，并下令不準(zhǔn)聯(lián)邦政府基金用于做此類試驗(yàn)盡管還沒有人建議這么做他還請(qǐng)一個(gè)以普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)哈羅得·夏皮羅為首的獨(dú)立的專家組在90 天內(nèi)向白宮匯報(bào)關(guān)于制定有關(guān)克隆人的國(guó)家政策的建議?！痉治觥?這是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，主語(yǔ)是he，謂語(yǔ)是ordered和asked?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) ( Declaring that to clone human

33、s ) 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，其中又包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Ordered后跟了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，asked后跟了一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，它由過(guò)去分詞chaired修飾，其中含一個(gè)表示目的的不定式。20. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit b

34、y claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.【譯文】 一次側(cè)面的不光明磊落的攻擊傷害了我的自尊，阻礙了我事業(yè)的發(fā)展，使我不得不拋棄了那份引人注目的工作，盡管表面上我還要以一個(gè)蒙受屈辱的政府部長(zhǎng)的姿態(tài)，通過(guò)聲稱“我只不過(guò)是想多和家人呆在一起”來(lái)掩蓋我的退出?！痉治觥?本句中a lateral move是主語(yǔ)，promoted是謂語(yǔ)，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定語(yǔ)，although，with my family是狀語(yǔ)

35、，其中逗號(hào)之間的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入語(yǔ)。21. Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.【譯文】 奇怪的是，我在大約兩年半的時(shí)間里完成兩本小說(shuō)之后，我這個(gè)被美國(guó)人稱為“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的試驗(yàn)，卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了確鑿的現(xiàn)實(shí)?！?/p>

36、分析】 本句主干是my experiment. has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality。注意其謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)turn sth. into sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。前面兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。注意抓句子的主干，其中主語(yǔ)的修飾部分in what the Americans term “downshifting”看不懂可以跳過(guò)去。當(dāng)然，如果我們對(duì)英語(yǔ)的預(yù)感較好，就可以猜測(cè)downshifting一詞的意思與駕駛騎車有關(guān)，在這里，作者把生活比喻為開車，因此放棄對(duì)物質(zhì)生活的熱衷追求就像在開車時(shí)減檔減速一樣。22. But,for a small gr

37、oup of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not.【譯文】 但是，對(duì)一小部分學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，職業(yè)教育也是條可取的路徑。因?yàn)樵谄渌蛩叵嗤那闆r下，技能的嫻熟是得到工作與否的關(guān)鍵?！痉治觥?該句是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，前面for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)表示的是對(duì)象，注意主句的表語(yǔ)the way跟了一個(gè)不定式to go，從句由since引導(dǎo)

38、，這個(gè)從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是skills can be the difference，其中difference帶了一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)between and，and后面的not可以補(bǔ)足為not having a job。all other factors being equal是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在本句中作為插入短語(yǔ)，起到限制的作用。23. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years

39、 in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.【譯文】 我從一個(gè)“全力以赴”的生活哲學(xué)在過(guò)去七年里林達(dá)·凱爾西一直在女性雜志鼓吹這種生活方式的積極倡導(dǎo)者，一改而成為隨遇而安的女人?！痉治觥?該句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all” into a woman。preached by magazine是過(guò)去分詞短

40、語(yǔ)，作the philosophy of “have it all”的定語(yǔ)，插在frominto之中，造成了句子的割裂。翻譯時(shí)，可把分詞短語(yǔ)譯成一個(gè)分句，其他照原文順序翻譯。24. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”,and making the alternat

41、ive move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.【譯文】 我發(fā)覺，放棄那種“日夜操勞的生活”信念而選擇“放慢生活的節(jié)奏”會(huì)帶來(lái)比金錢和社會(huì)地位更大的回報(bào)。凱爾西在長(zhǎng)期經(jīng)受巨大壓力后，從惹人注目的女性雜志編輯部退出之后，恐怕她也將與我有同樣的感覺?！痉治觥?本句中as perhaps Kelsey will引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句放到了主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞discovered與that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句之間，從而造成動(dòng)賓之間的分割。as引導(dǎo)的從句中省略

42、了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞discover，是為了避免重復(fù)。賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)為abandoningand making并列的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)為bring sth with sth結(jié)構(gòu)，只是因賓語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，而把with短語(yǔ)提前了。25. Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reach

43、ing consequences for the culture of a society.【譯文】 湯姆進(jìn)而相信某種類似語(yǔ)言決定論的觀點(diǎn)，其極端說(shuō)法是：語(yǔ)言禁錮思維，語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)能對(duì)一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。【分析】 句子的主干為Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾linguistic determinism。在由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞states跟了兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句：一是that language imprisons the mind，一是and that the

44、grammatical patternssociety。注意：句中imprison the mind不能譯成“把大腦 (或思想) 關(guān)進(jìn)牢房”，只能譯成“禁錮思想 (或思維)”。26. These days the Net,which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail,is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.【譯文】 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)改變了購(gòu)書和寄信這樣的日常活動(dòng)，如今也正在改變多諾萬(wàn)所從事的職業(yè)?！痉治觥?句子的主干是the Netis resh

45、aping Donovans vocation，由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 (which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明the Net。27. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an

46、ideology.【譯文】 反快樂(lè)藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全與大眾傳媒同步出現(xiàn)，而隨之興起了一種商業(yè)文化，在這種文化中，快樂(lè)不僅是一個(gè)理想，而且是一種意識(shí)形態(tài)?！痉治觥?此句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主干是The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass mediaa commercial culture。with it中的it是指the emergence of mass media。另外，in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a

47、 commercial culture。28. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage,Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.【譯文】 也有一些市鎮(zhèn)居民很大程度上依靠游客生活，這些游客不是來(lái)看戲劇的，而是游覽安娜.海瑟威的小屋、莎士比亞誕生地以及其他景點(diǎn)的。【分析】 定語(yǔ)從句 (who largely live off the

48、 tourists) 修飾the townsfolk，而該定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)the tourists的后面又跟了另一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。注意，不能把not to see the plays的主語(yǔ)看作是the townsfolk。29. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years

49、of the start of exploitation.【譯文】 根據(jù)他們最近在自然雜志上發(fā)表的文章，大型食肉的海洋生物（一種殺死和吃其它動(dòng)物的生物）的捕獲量在不到15年的時(shí)間里已經(jīng)減少了80%。【分析】 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，但要注意數(shù)字的表述，而這正是考試的內(nèi)容。在新漁場(chǎng)開始捕魚的15年之內(nèi)，大型捕食動(dòng)物的生物量平均減少80%，而在此之后又減少了一半，即剩下的20%又減少了一半，因而應(yīng)該只剩下10%了。30. But this was not always the case； before it was legally required for all children to attend

50、 school until a certain age,it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.【譯文】 但是情況并不總是如此；在法律要求所有兒童在一定年齡之前必須上學(xué)，人們普遍認(rèn)為有些兒童天生就不適合接受這種教育?！痉治觥?全句由兩個(gè)分句組成，前后用分號(hào)隔開。在第二個(gè)分句的主句中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of educ

51、ation。it was widely accepted意為“人們普遍認(rèn)為”。31. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. 【譯文】 這意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕殺，因此介于現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去這一段時(shí)間，海洋生物量的真正差別可能比捕獲量所記錄的變化更要糟糕。【分析】 這是一個(gè)因果復(fù)合句，前半句是原因，后半句表示結(jié)果。而在表示原因的從句中，賓語(yǔ)較為復(fù)雜，of后面跟了一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，其主句又是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。what is in the sea是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的說(shuō)法，即海洋中的生物，或文中所說(shuō)的生物量 (biomass) 。另外，注意recorded by changes in catch sizes是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾the one(即the actual biomass)。32. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since n