新視野大學(xué)英語第三第二冊翻譯題答案

1、新視野大學(xué)英語第三版book2unit1譯英譯中：Englishisknownasaworldlanguage,regularlyusedbymanynationswhoseEnglishisnottheirfirstlanguage.Likeotherlanguages,Englishhaschangedgreatly.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreemainperiods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.TheEnglishlanguagestartedwiththein

2、vasionofBritainbythreeGermanictribesduringthe5thcenturyAD,andtheycontributedgreatlytotheformationoftheEnglishlanguage.Duringthemedievalandearlymodernperiods,theinfluenceofEnglishspreadthroughouttheBritishIsles,andfromtheearly17thcenturyitsinfluencebegantobefeltthroughouttheworld.TheprocessesofEurope

3、anexplorationandcolonizationforseveralcenturiesledtosignificantchangeinEnglish.Today,AmericanEnglishisparticularlyinfluential,duetothepopularityofAmericancinema,television,music,tradeandtechnology,includingtheInternet.人們普遍認為英語是一種世界語言,經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用.與其他語言一樣,英語也發(fā)生了很大的變化.英語的歷史可以分為三個主要階段：古英語,中古英語和現(xiàn)

4、代英語.英語起源于公元5世紀,當(dāng)時三個日耳曼部落入侵英國,他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用.在中世紀和現(xiàn)代社會初期,英語的影響普及不列顛群島.從17世紀初,它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn).歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導(dǎo)致了英語的重大變化.今天,由于美國電影、電視、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大受歡送,美國英語的影響力尤其顯.中譯英：中國書法(calligraphy)是一門獨特的藝術(shù)、是世界上獨一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶.中國書法藝術(shù)的形成,開展與漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進存在著密不可分的關(guān)系.漢字在漫長的演變開展過程中,一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨特的藝術(shù).書法能夠通過作品把書

5、法家個人的生活感受、學(xué)識、修養(yǎng)、個性等折射出來,所以,通常有“字如其人的說法.中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶,而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨放異彩.Chinesecalligraphyisauniqueartandtheuniquearttreasureintheworld.TheformationanddevelopmentoftheChinesecalligraphyiscloselyrelatedtotheemergenceandevolutionofChinesecharacters.Inthislongevolutionaryprocess,Chinesecharactershaven

6、otonlyplayedanimportantroleinexchangingideasandtransmittingculturebutalsodevelopedintoauniqueartform.Calligraphicworkswellreflectcalligraphers'personalfeelings,knowledge,self-cultivation,personality,andsoforth,thusthereisanexpressionthat"seeingthecalligrapher'shandwritingislikeseeingthe

7、person".AsoneofthetreasuresoChineseculture,Chinesecalligraphyshinessplendidlyintheworld'streasurehouseofcultureandart.新視野大學(xué)英語第三版book2unit2課后譯英翻中AM00C(massiveopenonlinecourse)isanonlinecourseaimedatunlimitedparticipationandopenaccessviatheweb.M00Csarearecentdevelopmentindistanceeducationandh

8、avenowbecomeasurgingtrendinhighereducation.Theseclassesareaimedatexpandingauniversity'sreachfromthousandsoftuition-payingstudentswholiveintown,tomillionsofstudentsaroundtheworld.Inadditiontotraditionalcoursematerials,M00Csprovideinteractiveuserforumstosupportinteractionsbetweenstudentsandprofess

9、ors.M00Cscanencouragecommunicationamongparticipantswhobringavarietyofviewpoints,knowledge,andskillstothecourse;inspirepeopleto"tryon"subjectsthattheywouldn'totherwisepursueoreventryoneducationitself;providemultiplewaystoengagewithcoursematerial,encouragingmultimodal(多模式的)learningthatca

10、naddresstheneedsoflearnerswithavarietyoflearningstyles;andinspirebetterteachinganduseoftechnologiesforface-to-facecourses.慕課是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程,它旨在通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)廣泛參與和開放接入.慕課是遠程教育邁出的最新一步,現(xiàn)已在高等教育領(lǐng)域迅速引領(lǐng)潮流.通過這些課程,大學(xué)可以擴大影響的范圍,從影響成千上萬住在城里付學(xué)費的學(xué)生,擴展到惠及全球上百萬的學(xué)生.除了擁有傳統(tǒng)的課程資料,慕課還給使用者提供互動論壇,支持學(xué)生和講師之間的交流.慕課能夠促進參與者之間的交流,使得多種觀點、知識和技能涌

11、現(xiàn)到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程,至是嘗試新的教育方式；它提供多種學(xué)習(xí)課程資料的方式,鼓勵多模式學(xué)習(xí),以各種學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格滿足學(xué)習(xí)者的需求；另外,慕課促進教學(xué)的改善,使技術(shù)在面對面授課中得以更好地應(yīng)用.中翻英近年來,隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的開展,我國的數(shù)字化教育資源建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就.很多高校建立了自己的數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)平臺,數(shù)字化教學(xué)在教育中發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用.和傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方式相比,數(shù)字化教學(xué)方式有很大的優(yōu)勢.一方面,數(shù)字化教學(xué)使教學(xué)資源得以全球共享；另一方面,它拓展了學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)時間和空間,人們可以隨時隨地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進入數(shù)字化的虛擬學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí).這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學(xué)習(xí)成為可能.I

12、nrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofInternettechnology,theconstructionofdigitaleducationresourcesofourcountryhasmadegreatachievements.Manyuniversitieshavesetuptheirowndigitallearningplatforms,anddigitalteachingisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleineducation.Comparedwiththetraditionalwayofteaching,thedi

13、gitalwayhasalotofadvantages.Ononehand,digitalteachingmakesglobalsharingofteachingresourcespossible;ontheotherhand,itexpandsthelearner'sstudytimeandspacetolearn,allowingpeopletogetaccesstothedigitalvirtualschoolsthroughtheInternetanytimeandanywhere.Theseadvantagesmakeitpossibleforpeopletoshiftfro

14、mone-timelearningtolifelonglearning.新視野大學(xué)英語第三版BOOK2unit3課后譯英翻中AsanimportantpartoftheAmericanculturevaluesystem,"individualism"isadmiredbymostAmericanpeople.Americansviewthefamilyasagroupwhoseprimarypurposeistoadvancethehappinessofindividualmembers.Incontrasttomanyothercultures,theprimaryre

15、sponsibilityoftheAmericanfamilymemberisnottoadvancethefamilyasagroup,eithersociallyoreconomically.Whatwouldbebestforthefamilyisnotusuallyconsideredtobeasimportantaswhatwouldbebestfortheindividual.Withfreedomcomestheresponsibilitytocareforoneself,foritisthefreedomofchoicethatcarrieswithittheresponsib

16、ility:toaccepttheconsequencesofthechoices.ManyAmericansgivetheirchildrenalotoffreedombecausetheywantthemtobeindependentandself-reliant.AlongwiththeAmericanemphasisonindividualfreedom,thebeliefinequalitybetweenparentsandchildrenalsohashadastrongeffectonthefamily.作為美國文化價值體系的一個重要組成局部,“個人主義受到大多數(shù)美國人的推崇.美

17、國人認為家庭作為一個群體,其主要目的是促進家庭各成員的幸福.與許多其他文化相比,美國家庭成員的主要責(zé)任,不是在社會上或經(jīng)濟上提升整個家庭的地位.人們通常認為,什么是對個人最好的要比什么是對家庭最好的更為重要.與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責(zé)任,由于所選擇的自由承載了責(zé)任,即必須接受自己的選擇所帶來的后果.許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由,由于他們希望孩子們能夠獨立和自力更生.在美國人強調(diào)個人自由的同時,父母與孩子間平等的信念也對美國家庭產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響.中翻英孝道(filialpiety)是中國古代社會的根本道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(codeofethics).中國人把孝視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國家安康之本

18、.由于孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心,它成了中國社會千百年來維系家庭關(guān)系的道德準(zhǔn)那么.它毫無疑問是中華民族的一種傳統(tǒng)美德.孝道文化是一個復(fù)合概念,內(nèi)容豐富,涉及面廣.它既有文化理念,又有制度禮儀(institutionaletiquette).-般來說,它指社會要求子女對父母應(yīng)盡的義務(wù),包括尊敬、關(guān)愛、贍養(yǎng)老人等等.孝道是古老的"東方文明"之根本.FilialpietyisthebasiccodeofethicsinancientChinesesociety.Chinesepeopleconsiderfilialpietyastheessenceofaperson'sin

19、tegrity,familyharmony,andthenation'swell-being.WithfilialpietybeingthecoreofConfucianethics,ithasbeenthemoralstandardfortheChinesesocietytomaintainthefamilyrelationshipforthousandsofyears.It'sundoubtedlyatraditionalChinesevirtue.Thecultureoffilialpietyisacomplexconcept,richincontentandwidein

20、range.Itincludesnotonlyculturalideasbutalsoinstitutionaletiquettes.Generallyspeaking,itreferstotheobligationofchildrentotheirparentsrequiredbythesociety,includingrespect,care,supportfortheelderlyandsoforth.Filialpietyisfundamentaltotheancient"Orientalcivilization".新視野大學(xué)英語BOOK2unit4課后譯英翻中Va

21、lentine'sDayonFebruary14iscelebratedinvariousAmericanandEuropeancountries.Itisaholidayofloveandromanceusuallybyexchangingvalentinesorlovetokensbetweenlovers.Therearedifferentoriginsregardingthefestival.OnelegendgoesthattheRomansputapriestnamedSaintValentineintoprisonforrefusingtobelieveintheRoma

22、ngods.OnFebruary14,ValentinewasputtodeathnotonlybecausehewasChristian,butalsobecausehehadcuredthejailer'sdaughterofblindness.Thenightbeforehewasexecutedhewroteherafarewelllettersigned"FromyourValentine".Later,February14becameaholidayforpeopletoshowaffectionfortheirlovedones.Today,peopl

23、ecelebrateValentine'sDayindifferentways,sendinggreetingcardsandflowers,givingchocolateorothergifts,orjoininginromanticdinners.Theholidayhasnowbecomepopularallovertheworld.InChinathefestivalisalsobecomingincreasinglypopularwithyoungpeople.美洲和歐洲各國都會慶祝2月14日的情人節(jié).這是一個充滿愛情和浪漫的節(jié)日,戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物.關(guān)于這

24、個節(jié)日的起源有著不同的說法.一個傳說是羅馬人把一個叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關(guān)進了監(jiān)獄,由于他拒絕相信羅馬神.2月14日那天,瓦倫丁被處死,不僅因為他是基督徒,而且由于他曾治愈了一位監(jiān)獄看守雙目失明的女兒.他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁的辭別信.后來,2月14日就成了一個人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節(jié)日.現(xiàn)在,人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節(jié),他們發(fā)送賀卡、鮮花,贈送巧克力或其他禮品,或共進浪漫的晚餐.現(xiàn)在這個節(jié)日已流行世界各地.在中國,這個節(jié)日也正越來越受年輕人的歡送.中翻英農(nóng)歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(jié)(QixiFestival),是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節(jié)日.一些大的商家每年

25、都舉辦不同的活動,年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人.因此,七夕節(jié)被認為是中國的"情人節(jié)"(Valentine'sDay).七夕節(jié)來自牛郎與織女(CowherdandWeavingMaid)的傳說.相傳,每年的這個夜晚,天上的織女都會與牛郎相會.所以,在七夕的夜晚,人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河(theMilkyWay)相會.姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧,以獲得美滿姻緣.但隨著時代的變遷,這些活動正在消失,唯有標(biāo)志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間.July7thontheChinesecalendarisChineseQixiFestival,themost

26、romanticofallthetraditionalChineseholidays.Everyyear,somebigbusinessesorganizevariousactivities,andyoungpeoplesendgiftstotheirlovers.Asaresult,theQixiFestivalisconsideredtobeChinese"Valentine'sDay".TheQixiFestivalisderivedfromthelegendofCowherdandWeavingMaid.Thelegendholdsthatonthispar

27、ticularnighteveryyeartheWeavingMaidinheavenmeetswithCowherd.So,peoplecanseeCowherdandWeavingMaidmeetingintheMilkyWayonthenightofQixi.Onthisnight,girlswouldalsobegWeavingMaidforsomewisdomforahappymarriage.But,withthechangingoftimes,theseactivitiesarediminishing.AllthatremainsisthelegendofCowherdandWe

28、avingMaid,asignoffaithfullove,continuouslycirculatedamongthefolk.新視野大學(xué)英語第三版BOOK2unit5課后譯英翻中TheAgeofDiscovery,alsocalledtheAgeofExploration,isahistoricalperiodofEuropeanglobalexplorationthatstartedintheearly15thcenturyandcontinueduntilthe18thcentury.ItisusuallyregardedasabridgebetweentheMiddleAgesand

29、theModernera,inthecontextofemergingwesternimperialismandeconomiccompetitionbetweenEuropeankingdomsseekingwealththroughtheestablishmentoftraderoutesandcolonies.Amongmanygreatexplorersduringthisperiod,themostoutstandingonewasChristopherColumbussincehediscoveredtheNewWorld.Europeanoverseasexpansionledt

30、otheriseofcolonialempires,withthecontactbetweentheOldandNewWorldsproducingtheexchange:awidetransferofplants,animals,foods,culture,andsoforth.Thisrepresentedoneofthemostsignificantglobaleventsconcerningecology,agriculture,andcultureinhistory.Europeanexplorationallowedtheglobalmappingoftheworld,result

31、inginanewworld-viewanddistantcivilizationsacknowledgingeachother.大發(fā)現(xiàn)年代,也被稱為大勘探年代,是歐洲進行全球勘查的一個歷史時期,始于15世紀初并一直持續(xù)到18世紀.這一時期通常被認為是中世紀和近代之間的橋梁,當(dāng)時西方帝國主義剛興起,歐洲各王國之間正在經(jīng)濟上互相競爭,他們想通過建立貿(mào)易路線和殖民地來尋找財富.在這一時期眾多偉大的探險家中,最杰出的是克里斯托弗？哥倫布,由于他發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸.歐洲的海外擴張導(dǎo)致了殖民帝國的崛起,舊大陸與新大陸的接觸也促成了兩邊的互相交換：大量的植物、動物、食物、文化等得到遷移.這代表了歷史上生態(tài)、農(nóng)業(yè)

32、和文化在全球范圍內(nèi)最重大的活動之一.歐洲大勘探讓繪制全球性的世界地圖成為可能,從而使人們看到一個新的世界與古老的文明正遙相照應(yīng).中翻英絲綢之路(SilkRoad)是我國古代一條連接中國和歐亞大陸(Eurasia)的交通線路,由于這條商路以絲綢貿(mào)易為主,故稱"絲綢之路.作為國際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁,絲綢之路有效地促進了東西方經(jīng)濟文化交流和開展,對世界文明進程有著深遠影響.當(dāng)前,在新的歷史條件下,我國提出了"一帶一路"(OneBelt,OneRoad)(即"絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶"和"21世紀海上絲綢之路")的戰(zhàn)略設(shè)想."

33、;一帶一路以合作共贏為核心,強調(diào)相關(guān)各國的互利共贏和共同開展.這一戰(zhàn)略一經(jīng)提出即受到沿線各國的積極響應(yīng).TheSilkRoadisatrafficrouteintheancienttimesconnectingChinaandEurasia.Thistraderoutefocusesonthetradeofsilk,hencethename"theSilkRoad".Asaninternationaltradechannelandabridgeofculturalexchanges,theSilkRoadeffectivelyimprovedtheeconomicandcu

34、lturalexchangesanddevelopmentbetweentheEastandtheWest,exertingaprofoundimpactontheprogressoftheworldcivilization.Nowadays,underthenewhistoricalcircumstances,ourcountryproposesthestrategyof"OneBelt,OneRoad"namelytheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad.Thestrategyof"On

35、eBelt,OneRoad"focusesoncooperationandmutualbenefits,emphasizingmutualbenefits,win-win,aswellascommondevelopmentoftherelatedcountries.Onceproposed,thestrategyhasreceivedpositiveresponsesfromtherelatedcountriesalongtheroad.新視野大學(xué)英語第三版BOOK2unit6課后譯英翻中Minimalism極簡主義isaboutgettingridofexcessstuffandk

36、eepingonlywhatyouneed.Minimalistliving,insimplestterms,istolivewithaslessaspossible,mentallyandphysicallyuntilyouachievepeaceofmind.Resultsthatensuearelessstress,moretime,andincreasedhappiness.Minimalistsliketosaythatthey'relivingmoremeaningfully,moredeliberately,andthattheminimalistlifestyleall

37、owsthemtofocusonwhat'smoreimportantinlife:friends,hobbies,travel,experiences.Ofcourse,minimalismdoesn'tmeanthere'sanythinginherentlywrongwithowningmaterialpossessions.Today'sproblemseemstobethatwetendtogivetoomuchmeaningtoourthings,oftenforsaking拋棄ourhealth,ourrelationships,ourpassio

38、ns,ourpersonalgrowth,andourdesiretocontributebeyondourselves.Inadditiontoitsapplicationinpeople'sdailylife,minimalismalsofindsapplicationinmanycreativedisciplines,includingart,architecture,design,dance,filmmaking,theater,music,fashion,photographyandliterature.極簡主義是指去掉多余的,僅保存需要的局部.用最簡單的話來說,極簡的生活方

39、式,就是生活得越簡單越好,直到獲得心靈的平靜,這種簡單既是精神上的,也是身體上的.這樣的生活方式會減輕壓力,帶來更多自由時間,并增強幸福感.極簡主義者會說,他們生活得更有意義了,更沉著了,極簡的生活方式讓他們著眼于生活中更重要的事物：朋友、愛好、旅游和體驗.當(dāng)然,極簡主義并不意味著擁有物質(zhì)財富從本質(zhì)上來講有什么不對.現(xiàn)在的問題似乎在于,我們往往太重視所擁有的東西,而常常拋棄了健康、人與人之間的關(guān)系、我們的熱情、個人成長,以及幫助他人的愿望.極簡主義除了在我們的日常生活中可以得到應(yīng)用,還存在于很多創(chuàng)意領(lǐng)域,包括藝術(shù)、建筑、設(shè)計、舞蹈、電影、戲劇、音樂、時尚、攝影和文學(xué)等.中翻英國民幸福指數(shù)(Na

40、tionalHappinessIndex,NHI)是衡量人們幸福感的一種指數(shù),也是衡量一個國家或地區(qū)經(jīng)濟開展、居民生活與幸福水平的指標(biāo)工具.隨著中國經(jīng)濟的高速增長,中國政府越來越重視人民群眾生活質(zhì)量和幸福指數(shù)的提升.政府注重改善民生,努力改善人民群眾的經(jīng)濟狀況,滿足人民群眾日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需求.當(dāng)前,中國政府提倡釋放改革紅利,讓人民群眾得到更多實惠.所有這些都將有效促進我國國民幸福指數(shù)不斷提升.NationalHappinessIndex(NHI)isanindexthatmeasureshowhappypeopleare.Itisalsoatoolthatmeasuresthelevels

41、ofeconomicdevelopmentandpeople'slivelihoodandhappinessinacountryorregion.WiththefastgrowthofChineseeconomy,theChinesegovernmenthasbeenpayingmoreandmoreattentiontopeople'slivingqualityandtheincreaseofhappinessindex.Thegovernmentstressesimprovementofitspeople'slivelihood,strivingtoimprovet

42、heireconomicconditionsandmeettheirgrowingmaterialandculturalneeds.Currently,theChinesegovernmentadvocatestheunleashingofmorereformdividends,withtheaimofofferingmorerealbenefitstoitspeople.AllthesemeasureswillcombinetoeffectivelyincreasetheNHIofourpeople.新視野大學(xué)英語第三版BOOK2unit7課后譯英翻中Thecolorandstyleofaw

43、eddinggowncandependonthereligionandcultureoftheweddingparticipants.Forexample,inWesternculturesbridesoftenchooseawhiteweddingdress,whileinChinathetraditionalweddingdressisinred.Thoughwhitehasbecomethemostpreferredcolorforweddinggownsacrosstheworldtoday,thiswasnotawidespreadtrendbeforetheVictorianera.Whitebecameapopularoptionin1840,whenQueenVictoriaworeawhitegownatherwedding.Theofficialweddingphotographwaswidelypublished,andmanybrideschosewhitetobecomethefollowersoftheQueen.Manypeoplebelievedthatthecolorwhitesymbolizedvirginity,thoughthiswasnott