經(jīng)濟學英語詞匯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上經(jīng)濟學英語詞匯1、General terms 一般術(shù)語專心-專注-專業(yè)economist 經(jīng)濟學家socialist economy 社會主義經(jīng)濟capitalist economy 資本主義經(jīng)濟collective economy 集體經(jīng)濟planned economy 計劃經(jīng)濟controlled economy 管制經(jīng)濟rural economics 農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟liberal economy 自由經(jīng)濟mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟political economy 政治經(jīng)濟學protectionism 保護主義autarchy 閉關自守primary sec

2、tor 初級成分private sector 私營成分,私營部門public sector 公共部門,公共成分economic channels 經(jīng)濟渠道economic balance 經(jīng)濟平衡economic fluctuation 經(jīng)濟波動economic depression 經(jīng)濟衰退economic stability 經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定economic policy 經(jīng)濟政策economic recovery 經(jīng)濟復原understanding 約定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特爾rate of growth 增長

3、economic trend 經(jīng)濟趨勢economic situation 經(jīng)濟形勢infrastructure 基本建設standard of living 生活標準,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 購買力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣underdevelopment 不發(fā)達underdeveloped 不發(fā)達的developing 發(fā)展中的2、Capital 資本initial capital 創(chuàng)辦資本frozen capital 凍結(jié)資金frozen assets 凍結(jié)資產(chǎn)fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn)real e

4、state 不動產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn)circulating capital, working capital 流動資本available capital 可用資產(chǎn)capital goods 資本貨物reserve 準備金,儲備金calling up of capital 催繳資本allocation of funds 資金分配contribution of funds 資金捐獻working capital fund 周轉(zhuǎn)基金revolving fund 循環(huán)基金,周轉(zhuǎn)性基金contingency fund 意外開支,準備金reserve fund 準備金buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準基金sin

5、king fund 償債基金investment 投資,資產(chǎn)investor 投資人self-financing 自籌經(jīng)費,經(jīng)費自給bank 銀行current account 經(jīng)常帳戶 (美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帳戶 (美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票crossed cheque 劃線支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票

6、簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)endorsement 背書transfer 轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)帳,過戶money 貨幣issue 發(fā)行ready money 現(xiàn)錢cash 現(xiàn)金ready money business, no credit given 現(xiàn)金交易,概不賒欠change 零錢banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付現(xiàn)金domestic currency, local currency 本國貨幣convertibility 可兌換性convertible currencies 可自由兌換貨幣exchange rate 匯率,兌換

7、率foreign exchange 外匯floating exchange rate 浮動匯率free exchange rates 自由匯兌市場foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券hard currency 硬通貨speculation 投機saving 儲裝,存款depreciation 減價,貶值devaluation (貨幣)貶值revaluation 重估價runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮capital flight 資本外逃securities business 證券市場stock exchange

8、股票市場stock exchange corporation 證券交易所stock exchange 證券交易所,股票交易所quotation 報價,牌價share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股東dividend 股息,紅利cash dividend 現(xiàn)金配股stock investment 股票投資investment trust 投資信托stock-jobber 股票經(jīng)紀人stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司securities 有價證券share, common stock 普通股preferenc

9、e stock 優(yōu)先股income gain 股利收入issue 發(fā)行股票par value 股面價格, 票面價格bull 買手, 多頭bear 賣手, 空頭assigned 過戶opening price 開盤closing price 收盤hard times 低潮business recession 景氣衰退doldrums 景氣停滯dull 盤整ease 松弛raising limit 漲停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 債券Wall Street 華爾街3、Credit 信貸short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium

10、term loan 中期貸款lender 債權(quán)人creditor 債權(quán)人debtor 債務人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現(xiàn),折扣rediscount 再貼現(xiàn)annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務funded debt 固定債務,長期債務floa

11、ting debt 流動債務drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼4、Pruduction 生產(chǎn)output 產(chǎn)出,產(chǎn)量producer 生產(chǎn)者,制造者productive, producing 生產(chǎn)的products, goods 產(chǎn)品consumer goods 消費品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,產(chǎn)成品raw product 初級產(chǎn)品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副產(chǎn)品foodstuffs 食品raw mate

12、rial 原料supply 供應,補給input 投入productivity 生產(chǎn)率productiveness 贏利性overproduction 生產(chǎn)過剩5、Expenses 耗費cost 成本,費用expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 營業(yè)間接成本overheads 雜項開支,間接成本operating costs 生產(chǎn)費用,營業(yè)成本operating expenses 營業(yè)費用running expenses 日常費用,經(jīng)營費用miscellaneous costs 雜項費用overhead expens

13、es 間接費用,管理費用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費用,養(yǎng)護費用transport costs 運輸費用social charges 社會負擔費用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用apportionment of expenses 分攤費用6、Profit 利潤income 收入,收益earnings 利潤,收益gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益gross profit, gross benefit毛利,總利潤,利益毛額net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額ave

14、rage income 平均收入national income 國民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率yield 產(chǎn)量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 稅duty 稅taxation system 稅制taxation 征稅,納稅fiscal charges 財務稅收progressive taxation 累進稅制graduated tax 累進稅value added tax 增值稅income tax 所得稅land tax 地租,地價稅excise tax

15、特許權(quán)稅basis of assessment 估稅標準taxable income 須納稅的收入fiscality 檢查tax-free 免稅的tax exemption 免稅taxpayer 納稅人tax collector 收稅員8、Internal economic and trade orgnization 國際經(jīng)濟與貿(mào)易組織China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中國國際貿(mào)易促進委員會National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿(mào)易全國理事會Japan-Ch

16、ina Economic Association 日中經(jīng)濟協(xié)會Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國際貿(mào)易促進會British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國國際貿(mào)易促進委員會International Chamber of Commerce 國際商會International Union of Marine Insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協(xié)會International Alumina Association 國際鋁礬土協(xié)會Univ

17、ersal Postal Union, UPU 萬國郵政聯(lián)盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關稅合作理事會United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展理事會Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經(jīng)濟合作與開發(fā)組織European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲自由

18、貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 歐洲自由貿(mào)易區(qū)Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經(jīng)濟互助委員會Eurogroup 歐洲集團Group of Ten 十國集團Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十國委員會Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統(tǒng)籌委員會Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市場（加勒比自由貿(mào)易同盟）Andeans Common Ma

19、rket, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市場Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關

20、稅經(jīng)濟同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非經(jīng)濟共同體Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國組織Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國組織Commonwealth Preference Area 英聯(lián)邦特惠區(qū)Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法國對外貿(mào)易中心Peo

21、ple's Bank of China 中國人民銀行Bank of China 中國銀行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國際復興開發(fā)銀行World Bank 世界銀行International Development association, IDA 國際開發(fā)協(xié)會International Monetary Found Agreement 國際貨幣基金協(xié)定International Monetary Found, IMF 國際貨幣基金組織European Economic and Monetary

22、Union 歐洲經(jīng)濟與貨幣同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金B(yǎng)ank for International Settlements, BIS 國際結(jié)算銀行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開發(fā)銀行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國進出口銀行National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行American Express Co. Inc. 美國萬國寶通銀行The Chas

23、e Bank 大通銀行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美開發(fā)銀行European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯(lián)合銀行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港匯豐銀行International Finance Corporation, IFC 國際金融公司La Communaute Financiev

24、e Africane 非洲金融共同體Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟及社會理事會United Nations Development Program, NUDP 聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 聯(lián)合國資本開發(fā)基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 聯(lián)合國工業(yè)發(fā)展組織United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)

25、易與發(fā)展會議Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 糧食與農(nóng)業(yè)組織, 糧農(nóng)組織Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 歐洲經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亞洲及遠東經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亞經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Africa, ECA

26、非洲經(jīng)濟委員會Overseas Chinese Investment Company 華僑投資公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 紐約證券交易所London Stock Market 倫敦股票市場Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波羅的海商業(yè)和航運交易所經(jīng)濟學常用英語詞匯Aaccounting 會計accounting cost 會計成本accounting profit 會計利潤adverse selection 逆向選擇allocation 配置allocation of resources 資源配置allocati

27、ve efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧彈性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿羅不可能定理Assumption 假設asymetric information 非對稱性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定價法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 資本平均產(chǎn)量average product of labour 勞動平均產(chǎn)量average re

28、venue 平均收益average total cost 平均總成本average variable cost 平均可變成本Bbarriers to entry 進入壁壘base year 基年bilateral monopoly 雙邊壟斷benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 極樂點boundary point 邊界點break even point 收支相抵點budget 預算budget constraint 預算約束budget line 預算線budget set 預算集Ccapital 資本capital stock 資本存量capital out

29、put ratio 資本產(chǎn)出比率capitalism 資本主義cardinal utility theory 基數(shù)效用論cartel 卡特爾ceteris puribus assumption “其他條件不變”的假設ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不變的需求曲線Chamberlin model 張伯倫模型change in demand 需求變化change in quantity demanded 需求量變化change in quantity supplied 供給量變化change in supply 供給變化choice 選擇closed set 閉集

30、Coase theorem 科斯定理CobbDouglas production function 柯布-道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)cobweb model 蛛網(wǎng)模型collective bargaining 集體協(xié)議工資collusion 合謀command economy 指令經(jīng)濟commodity 商品commodity combination 商品組合commodity market 商品市場commodity space 商品空間common property 公用財產(chǎn)comparative static analysis 比較靜態(tài)分析compensated budget line 補償預算線

31、compensated demand function 補償需求函數(shù)compensation principles 補償原則compensating variation in income 收入補償變量competition 競爭competitive market 競爭性市場complement goods 互補品complete information 完全信息completeness 完備性condition for efficiency in exchange 交換的最優(yōu)條件condition for efficiency in production 生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件concave 凹c

32、oncave function 凹函數(shù)concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)constant returns to scale 規(guī)模報酬不變constraints 約束consumer 消費者consumer behavior 消費者行為consumer choice 消費者選擇consumer equilibrium 消費者均衡consumer optimization 消費者優(yōu)化consumer preference 消費者偏好consumer surplus 消費者剩余consumer theo

33、ry 消費者理論consumption 消費consumption bundle 消費束consumption combination 消費組合consumption possibility curve 消費可能曲線consumption possibility frontier 消費可能性前沿consumption set 消費集consumption space 消費空間continuity 連續(xù)性continuous function 連續(xù)函數(shù)contract curve 契約曲線convex 凸convex function 凸函數(shù)convex preference 凸偏好convex

34、 set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函數(shù)cost minimization 成本極小化Cournot equilihrium 古諾均衡Cournot model 古諾模型Crossprice elasticity 交叉價格彈性Ddeadweights loss 重負損失decreasing cost industry 成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)decreasing returns to scale 規(guī)模報酬遞減deduction 演繹法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲線demand e

35、lasticity 需求彈性demand function 需求函數(shù)demand price 需求價格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折舊derivative 導數(shù)derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差異商品differentiated oligoply 差異寡頭diminishing marginal substitution 邊際替代率遞減diminishing marginal return 收益遞減diminishi

36、ng marginal utility 邊際效用遞減direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接稅discounting 貼稅、折扣diseconomies of scale 規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 勞動分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)率分配論duoupoly 雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality 對偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 動態(tài)分析dynamic models 動態(tài)模型EEc

37、onomic agents 經(jīng)濟行為者economic cost 經(jīng)濟成本economic efficiency 經(jīng)濟效率economic goods 經(jīng)濟物品economic man 經(jīng)濟人economic mode 經(jīng)濟模型economic profit 經(jīng)濟利潤economic region of production 生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟區(qū)域economic regulation 經(jīng)濟調(diào)節(jié)economic rent 經(jīng)濟租金exchange 交換economics 經(jīng)濟學exchange efficiency 交換效率economy 經(jīng)濟exchange contract curve 交換契約曲

38、線economy of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思圖exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率參數(shù)elasticity 彈性elasticity of substitution 替代彈性endogenous variable 內(nèi)生變量endowment 稟賦endowment of resources 資源稟賦Engel curve 恩格爾曲線entrepreneur 企業(yè)

39、家entrepreneurship 企業(yè)家才能entry barriers 進入壁壘entry/exit decision 進出決策envolope curve 包絡線equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡條件equilibrium price 均衡價格equilibrium quantity 均衡產(chǎn)量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等價變量excesscapacity theorem 過度生產(chǎn)能力定理excess supply 過度供給exchange 交換exchange contract curve

40、交換契約曲線exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原則existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 總體均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生變量expansion paths 擴展徑expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 顯性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部經(jīng)濟external d

41、iseconomy 外部不經(jīng)濟externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市場factors of production 生產(chǎn)要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供給fallacy of composition 合成謬誤final goods 最終產(chǎn)品firm 企業(yè)firmsdemand curve for labor 企業(yè)勞動需求曲線firm supply curve 企業(yè)供給曲線first-degree price discrimination 第一級價格歧視fir

42、storder condition 一階條件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow 流量fluctuation 波動for whom to produce 為誰生產(chǎn)free entry 自由進入free goods 自由品，免費品free mobility of resources 資源自由流動free rider 搭便車，免費搭車function 函數(shù)future value 未來值Ggame theory 對策論、博弈論general equilibrium 總體

43、均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶 收入補償需求曲線Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之謎Gini coefficient 吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule 黃金規(guī)則goods 貨物government failure 政府失敗government regulation 政府調(diào)控grand utility possibility curve 總效用可能曲線grand utility possibility frontier 總效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品Hickskaldor welfare criterion

44、 希克斯一卡爾多福利標準homogeneity 齊次性homogeneous demand function 齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneous product 同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品homogeneous production function 齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生產(chǎn)human capital 人力資本hypothesis 假說Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全競爭implicitcost 隱性成本income 收入income compensated demand c

45、urveincome constraint 收入約束income consumption curve 收入消費曲線income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效應income elasticity of demand 需求收入彈性increasing cost industry 成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasing returns to scale 規(guī)模報酬遞增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指數(shù)indifference 無差異indifference curve 無差異曲線indifference map 無差異族indiffere

46、nce relation 無差異關系indifference set 無差異集indirect approach 間接法individual analysis 個量分析individual demand curve 個人需求曲線individual demand function 個人需求函數(shù)induced variable 引致變量induction 歸納法industry 產(chǎn)業(yè)industry equilibrium 產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡industry supply curve 產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線inelastic 缺乏彈性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐點info

47、rmation 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始條件initial endowment 初始稟賦innovation 創(chuàng)新input 投入inputoutput 投入產(chǎn)出institution 制度institutional economics 制度經(jīng)濟學insurance 保險intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中間產(chǎn)品internatization of externalities 外部性內(nèi)部化invention 發(fā)明inverse demand func

48、tion 逆需求函數(shù)investment 投資invisible hand 看不見的手isocost line 等成本線，isoprofit curve 等利潤曲線isoquant curve 等產(chǎn)量曲線isoquant map 等產(chǎn)量族Kkindeddemand curve 彎折的需求曲線Llabour 勞動labour demand 勞動需求labour supply 勞動供給labour theory of value 勞動價值論labour unions 工會laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函數(shù)Lagrangian multiplie

49、r 拉格朗乘數(shù)，land 土地law 法則law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 邊際效用遞減法則law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 邊際替代率遞減法則law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 邊際技術(shù)替代率law of increasing cost 成本遞增法則law of one price 單一價格法則leaderfollower model 領導者-跟隨者模型l

50、eastcost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入組合leisure 閑暇Leontief production function 列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses 許可證linear demand function 線性需求函數(shù)linear homogeneity 線性齊次性linear homogeneous production function 線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)long run長期long run average cost 長期平均成本long run equilibrium 長期均衡long run industry supply curve 長期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲

51、線long run marginal cost 長期邊際成本long run total cost 長期總成本Lorenz curve 洛倫茲曲線loss minimization 損失極小化1ump sum tax 一次性征稅luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏觀經(jīng)濟學marginal 邊際的marginal benefit 邊際收益marginal cost 邊際成本marginal cost pricing 邊際成本定價marginal cost of factor 邊際要素成本marginal period 市場期marginal physical productiv

52、ity 實際實物生產(chǎn)率marginal product 邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of capital 資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of 1abour 勞動的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)率marginal rate of substitution 邊替代率marginal rate of transformation 邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率marginal returns 邊際回報marginal revenue 邊際收益marginal revenue product 邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginal revolution 邊際革命marg

53、inal social benefit 社會邊際收益marginal social cost 社會邊際成本marginal utility 邊際效用marginal value products 邊際價值產(chǎn)品market 市場market clearance 市場結(jié)清，市場洗清market demand 市場需求market economy 市場經(jīng)濟market equilibrium 市場均衡market failure 市場失敗market mechanism 市場機制market structure 市場結(jié)構(gòu)market separation 市場分割market regulation

54、市場調(diào)節(jié)market share 市場份額markup pricing 加減定價法Marshallian demand function 馬歇爾需求函數(shù)maximization 極大化microeconomics 微觀經(jīng)濟學minimum wage 最低工資misallocation of resources 資源誤置mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟model 模型money 貨幣monopolistic competition 壟斷競爭monopolistic exploitation 壟斷剝削monopoly 壟斷，賣方壟斷monopoly equilibrium 壟斷均衡monopo

55、ly pricing 壟斷定價monopoly regulation 壟斷調(diào)控monopoly rents 壟斷租金monopsony 買方壟斷NNash equilibrium 納什均衡Natural monopoly 自然壟斷Natural resources 自然資源Necessary condition 必要條件necessities 必需品net demand 凈需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非線性定價nonrivalry 非對抗性nonprice comp

56、etition 非價格競爭nonsatiation 非飽和性non-zerosum game 非零和對策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利潤normative economics 規(guī)范經(jīng)濟學Oobjective function 目標函數(shù)oligopoly 寡頭壟斷oligopoly market 寡頭市場oligopoly model 寡頭模型opportunity cost 機會成本optimal choice 最佳選擇optimal consumption bundle 消費束perfect elasticity 完全有彈性optimal resource allocation 最佳資源配置optimal scale 最佳規(guī)模optimal solution 最優(yōu)解optimization 優(yōu)化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社會)偏好排序ordinal utility 序數(shù)效用ordinary goods 一般品output 產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出output elasticity 產(chǎn)出彈性output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化Pparameter 參數(shù)Pareto criterion 帕累托標準Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvem