新編英語(yǔ)教程5(第三版李觀儀)Unit1-8課文及譯文參考

1、Unit 1恰到好處Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft b

2、lows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective （模糊的形容詞），will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean Eng

3、lish. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你見過(guò)一個(gè)笨手笨腳的男人往箱子上釘釘子嗎？只見他左敲敲，右敲敲，說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)還會(huì)將整個(gè)釘子錘翻，結(jié)果敲來(lái)敲 去到頭來(lái)只敲進(jìn)了半截。而嫻熟的木匠就不這么干。他每敲一下都會(huì)堅(jiān)實(shí)巧妙地正對(duì)著釘頭落下去，一釘?shù)降?。語(yǔ)言也 是如此。一位優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家譴詞造句上力求準(zhǔn)確而有力地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。差不多的詞，不準(zhǔn)確的短語(yǔ)，摸棱兩可的表 達(dá)，含糊不清的修飾，都無(wú)法使一位追求純真英語(yǔ)的作家滿意。他會(huì)一直思考，直至找到那個(gè)能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)他的意思的詞。The Fren

4、ch have an apt （貼切的） phrase for this. They speak of le mot juste, " （the exact word） the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous;（絲不茍的）writers, like Flaubert, who spent daystrying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are sub tj微妙的） and deli

5、cate （細(xì)膩的） in their different shades （色調(diào)） of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely（正是，恰?。?what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosi

6、ng words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked :How can I know what I think till I see what I say?' this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it.法國(guó)人有一個(gè)很貼切的

7、短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)這樣一個(gè)意思，即“ le mot juste ”，恰到好處的詞。有很多關(guān)于精益求精的作家的 名人軼事，比如福樓拜常花幾天的時(shí)間力求使一兩個(gè)句子在表達(dá)上準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。在浩瀚的詞海中，詞與詞之間有著微妙的 區(qū)別，要找到能恰如其分表達(dá)我們意思的詞絕非易事。這不僅僅是扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底和相當(dāng)大的詞匯量的問題，還需要人 們絞盡腦汁，要觀察敏銳。選詞是認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程的一個(gè)步驟，也是詳細(xì)描述我們的思想感情并表達(dá)出來(lái)使自己以及聽眾和讀 者深刻理解的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。有人說(shuō)：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？ ”這聽起來(lái)似乎很離譜，但它確實(shí) 很有道理。It is hard work choosing the ri

8、ght words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery （掌握） over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked What sort of a man is so-and-so （某某等）？" You begin: Oh, I think he's quite a nice chap （家伙）but

9、he's rather?！?and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that you don "t like, that constitutes （構(gòu)成） his limitation. When you find the right phrase you feel that your conception of the man is clearer and sharper.尋找恰如其分的詞的確是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那個(gè)詞，我們就會(huì)感到很欣慰

10、：辛勞得到了回報(bào)。準(zhǔn)確地用語(yǔ)言有 助于我們深入了解我們描述的事物。例如，當(dāng)有人問你：“某某是怎么樣的人？ "你回答說(shuō)：“恩，我想他是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的 家伙，但他非?！苯又悛q豫了，試圖找到一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明他到底討厭在哪里。當(dāng)你找到一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)的時(shí) 候，你發(fā)覺自己對(duì)他的看法更清楚，也更精確了。Some English words have a common root but are used in very different senses. Consider human and humane （人道， 仁慈的 ），for example. Their origin is the same

11、 and their meanings are related, but their usage is distinct. A human action is not the same thing as a humane action. We cannot speak of a Declaration of Humane Rights. - There is a weapon called Onumane killer, but it is not a human killer.一些英語(yǔ)詞匯詞根相同而意義卻截然不同。例如human和humane,二者的詞根相同，詞義也相關(guān)，但用法完全不同。&q

12、uot;human action （人類行為）"和"hum ane action （ 人道行為）”完全是兩碼事。我們不能說(shuō)"人道權(quán)力宣言”，而是 說(shuō)"人權(quán)宣言"。有一種屠殺工具叫"humane killer （麻醉屠宰機(jī)），而不是human killer （殺人機(jī)器）。We don't have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry in language. A student, replying to an invitation to dinner, fin

13、ished his letter: " shall be delighted to come and I am looking forward to the day with anxiety." Anxiety carries with it suggestionsof worry and fear. What the writer meant was possibly eagerness Anxiety has some kinship （親屬關(guān)系）with eagernessbut it will not do as a substitute；（替代）in this c

14、ontext.語(yǔ)言中的壞手藝的例子在我們身邊隨處可見。有人邀請(qǐng)一名學(xué)生去吃飯，他寫信給予回復(fù)。請(qǐng)看他的信是這樣結(jié)尾的：“我將很高興赴約并滿懷不安（anxiety ）期待著那個(gè)日子的到來(lái)?！?“Anxiety ”含有煩惱和恐懼的意味。作者想表達(dá)的很可能是一種翹首期盼的心情。"Anxiety ”跟熱切期盼有一定的關(guān)聯(lián)，但在這個(gè)場(chǎng)合是不能等同的。The leader of a political party in Uganda wrote a letter to the Press which contained this senteerc烏干達(dá)一政黨領(lǐng)袖給新聞界的一封信中有一句這樣寫道：

15、Let us all fight this selfishness, opportunism, cowardice and ignorance now rife in Uganda and put in their place truth, manliness, consistency ansingularity of mind.讓我們打破這自私、投機(jī)、怯懦和無(wú)知充斥的烏干達(dá)，代之以真理，剛毅，堅(jiān)定和奇異的精神。This stirring appeal is spoilt by a malapropism in the last phrase, the word singularity. Wh

16、at the writer meant, I think, was singlenessof mind, holding steadfastly to the purpose in mind, without being drawn aside by less worthy objects. Singularity meansoddity or peculiarity, something that singles a man out from other men 這一激動(dòng)人心的呼吁被最后一個(gè)詞“奇異( singularity ) ”的誤用破壞掉了。我猜想作者真正要表達(dá)的意思是思想的 專一，即

17、抱定一個(gè)信念永不改變，咬定青山不放松，不被次要的目的干擾。而singularity指的是古怪，特性，是將一個(gè)人從眾多人中區(qū)分出來(lái)的那種東西。Without being a malapropism, a word may still fail to be the right word for the writer s purpose, the mot juste”. A journalist, writing a leader about Christmas, introduced a quotation from Dickens by saying: 即使沒有出現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)誤用，這詞仍可能不是符合作

18、者意圖的恰如其分的詞。一名記者在一篇有關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的社論中這樣引出 狄更斯的話：All that was ever thought or written about Christmas isimprisoned in this sentence- -. Imprisonment suggests force, coercion(強(qiáng)迫),as if the meaning were held against its will. It would be better to write contained or summed up Epitomized (集中體現(xiàn)) might do, though i

19、t is rather a clumsy-sounding word. Searching a little farther for the mot juste“ we might hit on the word distilled (提取).This has more force than contained or summed up Distillation suggests essenceand we might further improve the sentence by adding this word at the beginning:任何有關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的想法和文字已經(jīng)被禁錮(imp

20、risoned )在這句話中"Imprisonment”暗示著強(qiáng)迫，威逼，這么一來(lái)似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用 "包含(contained )"或 "歸結(jié)(summedup )”就要好些。"概括(epitomized )" 也行，盡管聽起來(lái)有點(diǎn)僵硬。 稍微再用點(diǎn)心我們就能準(zhǔn)確地找到“mot juste (恰倒好處的詞)”，那就是“ distilled '；它比包含和歸結(jié)語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)。"Distillation(提煉)”意味得到本質(zhì)(essence )的東西。因此我們可以進(jìn)一步把這個(gè)句子修改為：The essence of

21、all that was ever thought or written about Christmas is distilled in this sentence. 所有有關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的想法和文字的精華都被提煉到這句話之中。English has a wide vocabulary and it is a very flexible language. There are many different ways of making a statement. But words that are very similar in meaning have fine shades of differe

22、nce, and a student needs to be alive to these differences. By using his dictionary, and above all by reading, a student can increase his sensitivity to these shades of difference and improve his ability to express his own meanings exactly.英語(yǔ)詞匯豐富，運(yùn)用靈活。一個(gè)意思有很多種表達(dá)方式。但是無(wú)論意思上如何相近的詞總是存在著些許區(qū)別。作為學(xué)生 就要敏感地意識(shí)到

23、這些區(qū)別。通過(guò)查字典，尤其是通過(guò)閱讀，學(xué)生對(duì)這類細(xì)微差別敏感性將逐步增強(qiáng)，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)自己意 思的能力也相應(yīng)提高。Professor Raileigh once stated: there are no synonyms, and the same statement can never be repeated in a changed form of words." This is perhaps too absolute, but it is not easy to disprove. Even a slight alteration in the wording of a stat

24、ementcan subtly shift the meaning. Look at these two sentences: (1) In my childhood I loved to watch trains go by.(2) When I was a child I loved watching trains go by.羅利教授曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“同義詞是不存在的。句子用詞改變了，句子就不再是原來(lái)的意思了?！边@也許過(guò)于絕對(duì)，但是很 難駁倒。措辭稍有變更，意思會(huì)有微妙的變化?？聪旅鎯蓚€(gè)句子：(1) 童年時(shí)候我喜歡去看火車開過(guò)。(2)當(dāng)我是個(gè)小孩子的時(shí)候我喜歡看火車開過(guò)。At fist gla

25、nce these two sentences are exactly the same. But look more closely and you will see that there are very tiny differences. In my childhood is a shade more abstract thanwhen I was a child. Watching perhaps emphasizes the looking at trains a little more than to watch. This is a very subtle example, an

26、d it would be possible to argue about it, but everyone would at once agree that there is a marked difference between the next two statements:乍一看這兩個(gè)句子的意思完全一樣。但仔細(xì)一看你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間存在細(xì)微的差別。在我童年時(shí)候比當(dāng)我是小孩子的時(shí)候更加抽象。而看很可能比去看更強(qiáng)調(diào)看火車這一動(dòng)作。這個(gè)例子不是很明顯，可能有 待商榷。但每個(gè)人看了下面例子后一定馬上同意。兩者之間存在顯著區(qū)別。（1） He died poor.（2） He expired （斷氣

27、、死） in indigent （貧困） circumstances.In one senseexpired is a synonym for died and in indigent circumstances for poor, but when the whole statement is considered, we cannot maintain that the two are the same. The change in words is a change in style, and the effect on the reader is quite different. It

28、 is perhaps easier to be a good craftsman with wood and nails than a good craftsman with words, but all of us can increase our skill and sensitivity with a little effort and patience. In this way we shall not only improve our writing, but also our reading.（1） 他死的時(shí)侯很窮。（2） 他斷氣時(shí)窮困潦倒。在某種意義上，expired 是die

29、d 的同義詞，in indigent circumstances 是poor 的同義詞。但當(dāng)看整個(gè)句子時(shí)，我們就不能堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為兩句是一樣的了。措辭的變化往往意味著風(fēng)格的改變，并給讀者以不同的感受。也許當(dāng)好一個(gè) 譴詞造句的 工匠比當(dāng)好一個(gè)與木頭釘子打交道的木匠要難一些，但是只要我們付出努力和耐心，我們就能提高自己的技能和敏感性。這樣我們不僅可以提高我們的寫作能力，還可以提高閱讀能力。English offers a fascinating variety of words for many activities and interests. Consider the wide range of m

30、eanings that can expressed by the various words we have to describe walking, for example. We can say that a man ismarching （行軍）,pacing （起搏）,patrolling （巡邏）,stalking （纏擾）,striding（大步）， treading （踩水）,tramping （流浪），stepping out （走出去）,prancing （昂首闊步）,strutting （神氣活 現(xiàn)）,prowling （潛行），plodding （單調(diào)乏味），strol

31、ling （散步）,shuffling （洗牌）,staggering （驚人的）， sidling （側(cè)身而行；悄悄貼近），trudging （跋涉），toddling （蹣跚學(xué)步；東倒西歪地走），rambling （散漫）， roaming （漫游）,sauntering （參觀船上）,meandering （蜿蜒）,lounging （閑逛）,loitering （游蕩）,or creeping （匍匐）.英語(yǔ)為各種活動(dòng)和嗜好提供了豐富多彩的詞匯。就那走路來(lái)說(shuō)，通過(guò)我們擁有的各種各樣的詞語(yǔ)的意義范圍有多么 廣闊。我們可以說(shuō)行軍，踱步，巡邏，潛進(jìn)，跨過(guò)，踐踏，重步走，蹦蹦跳跳地走，昂首闊步

32、，高視闊步，徘徊，沉重 緩慢地走，溜達(dá)，曳足而行，搖搖晃晃地走，側(cè)身而行，跋涉，蹣跚學(xué)步，漫步，徜徉，漫游，閑蕩，悄悄地走。The foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismaye d 驚惶） when he learns that there are over 400,000 words in the English language, without counting slang俚語(yǔ)）.But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. They

33、 are not in current use. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 20,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12,000 to 13,000 words. It is good to make your vocabulary as complete as you can, but a great deal can be said and written with a vocabulary of

34、 no more than 10,000 words. The important thing is to have a good control and command over the words you do know. Better know two words exactly than three vaguely. A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship （手藝）with which heuses them. So a good writer

35、is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the mot juste"，the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.即使不包括俚語(yǔ)在內(nèi)英語(yǔ)就有四十余萬(wàn)單詞，這很可能讓學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的外國(guó)學(xué)生感到氣餒和沮喪。但千萬(wàn)不要灰心，因?yàn)槌^(guò)半數(shù)的詞已不再通用。就算大文豪沙士比亞也只使用了兩萬(wàn)左右的詞匯。今天普通英國(guó)人的詞匯量在12000到13000之間。一個(gè)人的詞匯量當(dāng)然是盡量擴(kuò)大的好，但僅僅 10000的詞匯量就夠他說(shuō)話寫字表達(dá)

36、豐富的意義了。關(guān)鍵是你要扎 實(shí)地掌握你知道的單詞。粗略地認(rèn)識(shí)三個(gè)單詞還不如準(zhǔn)確地掌握兩個(gè)。衡量一個(gè)木匠的好壞并不在于他擁有工具的數(shù)量 多少，而是在于他運(yùn)用工具的技藝如何。同樣的，衡量一個(gè)作家好不好不能通過(guò)其認(rèn)識(shí)單詞的數(shù)量，而應(yīng)通過(guò)其找到恰 如其分的詞的能力。這個(gè)詞要不偏不倚正中要害，一言中的。UNIT 2 BEWARE THE DIRTY SEAS當(dāng)心骯臟的海洋-杰弗里利恩1lEvery year 100 million holiday-makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With one-third of the world's touris

37、t trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted. 每年都有一千萬(wàn)的渡假者到地中海去度假，這里占去了世界旅游業(yè)的三分之一，是最受歡迎的度假勝地，但與此同時(shí)， 它也成了受污染最嚴(yán)重的地方。It has only 1 per cent of the world's sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of fac

38、tories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sluices its sewage, untreated, into the sea.雖然地中海僅占全球海洋面積的百分之一，但在它的海面上卻漂浮著全球海面一半以上的汽油和焦油。成千上萬(wàn)的工廠 將他們排放的有毒物質(zhì)傾人地中海，而且?guī)缀趺恳粋€(gè)靠地中海海岸的城市、城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村也都把未經(jīng)處理的污水排到海里。The result is that the Mediterranean, whichnurtu

39、red so many civilizations, is gravely 川 -the first of the seas to 2fall victim to 3the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it. And the pollution does not merely 4stifle the life of the sea - it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores. 其結(jié)果導(dǎo)致孕育了高度文明的地中海周圍環(huán)境極其惡劣一第一個(gè)由于人們對(duì)其利用能力的增強(qiáng)和對(duì)

40、其環(huán)境污染的忽視態(tài)度而受害的海洋。這種污染不僅使海洋生物感到窒息，而且對(duì)于那些居住在地中海周圍并喜歡游賞海濱的人們也是一 個(gè)威脅。不只是4Typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, polio, viral hepatitis and food poisoning are endemic in the area, and there are periodic outbreaks of cholera.傷寒、副傷寒、痢疾、小兒麻痹癥、病毒性肝炎和食物中毒是這個(gè)地區(qū)的常見病，并且還會(huì)引發(fā)階段性的霍亂。5The mournful litany of disease is cau

41、sed by sewage. Eighty-five per cent of the waste from the Mediterranean's 120 coastal cities is pushed into the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe

42、it even half a mile offshore.這一系列令人扼腕的疾病（這種惡疾的反復(fù)）爆發(fā)是由下水道污水造成的。地中海的120個(gè)海濱城市中85 %的垃圾被傾人到供居民們和參觀者游泳嬉戲，釣魚的水域，而且，大多數(shù)城市直接將其廢物傾倒在海灘上，實(shí)際上很少有像（嘎納）坎城和特拉維夫那樣用管道把廢物抽到離海岸半英里的地方。6Less than 100,000 of Greece's four million coastal people have sewage properly treated and Greece, as our map shows, is one of the

43、cleaner countries of the northern shore.在希臘，生活在海濱城市的人有四百萬(wàn)，但只有不到十萬(wàn)的人將他們的污水進(jìn)行適當(dāng)處理。正如我們的地圖所顯示 的那樣，希臘還算是北方海岸比較干凈的國(guó)家之一。What does the author want to tell his readers in Paragraph 6?SA: He wants to tell his readers in Paragra ph 6 that because of man ' s irresponsibility and indifference towards enviro

44、nmental protection, Greece is rated one of the few cleaner countries of the northern shore.7The worst parts of the sea are the Israeli / Lebanon coast and between Barcelona and Genoa, which flushes out over 200 tons of sewage each year for every mile of its length.叫最糟糕的則要數(shù)以色列及黎巴嫩海濱和巴賽羅那與熱那亞之間的海洋部分，那

45、里每年會(huì)向其海岸線的每一英里傾 桎200多噸的污水。8 Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesn't take long for these to reach people.Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance

46、 of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk.一點(diǎn)也不感到驚奇的是，大面積的淺水區(qū)都滋生著細(xì)菌，而它們接觸到人并不需要花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間?；始易杂舍t(yī)院 的威兼布魯佛特教授曾經(jīng)計(jì)算過(guò)任何到地中海游泳的人都會(huì)有七分之一感染疾病的可能。其他科學(xué)家說(shuō)這種估計(jì)過(guò)高， 但幾乎所有的人都同意游泳者是在冒險(xiǎn)。9An even greater danger 5lurks in the seduct

47、ive seafood dishes that add much interest to holiday menus. Shellfish are prime carriers of many of the most vicious diseases of the areas.在那些誘人的、為假日的菜單增色不少的海鮮中還隱藏著一種更大的危險(xiǎn)。貝類水生物是本地區(qū)大部分惡性疾病最 主要的攜帶者。10They often grow amid pollution. And even if they don't they are frequently infected by the popula

48、r practice of "freshening them up" - throwing filthy water over them in markets.他們通常在污染中生長(zhǎng)，而且即使不是這樣，他們也會(huì)被 使它們變得新鮮一些”這一普遍做法所污染一在市場(chǎng)里它們身上被賣主撥上臟水以保持鮮活。11Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant 污水凈化廠

49、.They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.工業(yè)也加重了地中海的污染。海岸線上，工廠密密匝匝，即使是最現(xiàn)代化的工廠也鮮有合適的污物處理設(shè)備。他們 對(duì)海洋造成的損害同污水造成的差不多。12Fifteen thousand factories 7foul the Italian Ligurian 6riviera. Sixty thousand pollute the Tyrrhenian Sea between Sardinia, Sicily and the west Italian coast! The 8lagoon of Venice alo

50、ne receives the 9effluents of.76 factories.15 , 000家工廠污染著意大利利古里亞的沿海游憩勝地。 6, 000家工廠污染著撤丁島和西西里島之間的第勒尼安海， 以及西部的意大利海濱！僅威尼斯的礁湖就遭受著76個(gè)工廠廢水的污染。13More filth comes washing down the rivers from industries far inland. The PO and the Rhone are the dirtiest, followed by the Ebro and the Llobregat in Spain , by t

51、he Adige and the Tiber in Italy, and by the. Nile.更多的污物來(lái)自于內(nèi)陸工業(yè)，自河流沖人到這里。波河和羅納河是最臟的，其次就是西班牙的埃布羅河、巴塞羅那， 意大利的阿迪杰河和臺(tái)伯河，再就是尼羅河。14Thousands of tons of pesticides are blown off the fields into the sea, detergents from millions of sinks kill fish, and fertilizers, flushed out to sea, nourish explosions of p

52、lankton which cover bathers with itchy slime.數(shù)千噸的殺蟲劑從田間流人海里；數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的洗滌劑從洗碗槽中流出，毒死了海魚；被沖到海里的肥料，滋養(yǎng)了海 里的浮游生物并使其數(shù)量激增，它們粘在游泳者身上，成為一層令人發(fā)癢的黏液。15Then there is the oil - 350,000 tons pouring each year from ships, 115,000 tons more from industries round the shore.Recent studies show that the Mediterranean is fou

53、r times as polluted by oil as the north Atlantic, 40 times as bad as the north-east Pacific.還有就是汽油 一 每年有350,000噸廢油從船上倒入海里，還有 ns , 00多噸來(lái)自于海岸周圍的工業(yè)。最近的研究顯 示地中海的油污染是北大西洋的四倍，是東北太平洋的40倍。16Apart from the nine-mile-wide Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean is 10landlocked, virtually unable to 11cleanse it

54、self. It takes 80 years for the water to be renewed, through the narrow, shallow straits, far too slow a process to cope with the 12 remorseless rush of pollution.除了九英里寬的直布羅陀海峽之外，地中海完全被陸地包圍，因此它實(shí)際上不具備自潔功能。因?yàn)楹{既窄且淺， 地中海需要80年才能完成水循環(huán)進(jìn)行自潔，這個(gè)過(guò)程太緩慢，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)跟不上無(wú)情的污染大勢(shì)肆虐的進(jìn)程。17Weak coastal currents keep sewage and

55、industrial waste close to the shore and gently spin floating oil and tar towards the beaches. And the sea's feeble tides can do little to help remove it.海邊的浪花無(wú)力地拍打著海岸，沖不走岸邊的污水和工業(yè)廢料，浪花輕輕地打著旋，把浮著汽油與焦油的海水沖向 海灘。18 一0f course, the people of the Mediterranean have always used the sea for their wastes.

56、 The canals of Venice, the waters of the Bosphorus and the sea off the Nile Delta have been health hazards for centuries.很自然，地中海的人們也總是利用海洋來(lái)處理他們的廢物。威尼斯運(yùn)河、博斯普魯斯海峽和尼羅河三角洲一帶的水 域，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直威脅著人們的健康。19But the population has increased round the shores to 100 million and a further 100 million tourists come an

57、nually. The population of the French and Italian rivieras trebles every summer.但是，海岸周圍的人口已增長(zhǎng)到了l千萬(wàn)，而且每年還有1千多萬(wàn)旅游者來(lái)此旅游。每年夏天，意大利的沿海游憩勝地的人口呈三倍地增長(zhǎng)著。20Three tourists visit the northern shore every year for every yard of beach. With the numbers of holiday-makers expected to double in the next 20 years, it i

58、s hard for even the best treatment plants to cope.在北海岸平均每年每碼海岸就有三個(gè)觀光者。在今后20年里渡假者的數(shù)量有可能會(huì)增加兩倍，到時(shí)即使是最好的污水處理廠也很難應(yīng)付了。21The good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming together to work out how to save their common sea.但也有一個(gè)好消息：地中海周圍的一些國(guó)家已經(jīng)聯(lián)合到一起正為拯救他們共同的海洋而努力工作著。22But it will be a

59、 long time before the measures they approved take effect in cleaning up the sea.但是離他們一致同意的凈化海水措施確實(shí)產(chǎn)生效應(yīng)之前還有很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。Unit3 My Friends, Albert EinsteinHe was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity. Perhaps an anecdote will help. Once, caught in a downpour, he took off his hat and held it under his coat. Asked why, he explained, with admirable logic, that the rain would damage the hat,