考研英語—近義詞

1、必考詞近義詞釋義匯總1、abide, adhere, conform, comply這四個研究生入學(xué)考試中的高頻考詞都有“遵守”的意思，但是它們的搭配不同。abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director' decision.我將遵從主任的決定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(當(dāng)然adhere一詞的其它意思如“堅持；粘附”也經(jīng)常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽車司機必須遵守駕駛規(guī)則。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。All indivi

2、duals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每個人都應(yīng)該遵守政府制訂的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服從”，用于正式的場合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我們公司遵守政府有關(guān)納稅的規(guī)定。2、abnormal, uncommon, disordered這三個單詞都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6當(dāng)中經(jīng)常讓考生們辨析它們的細(xì)微差別。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕見)

3、，指行為或現(xiàn)象(如氣候)的異常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的體溫三天來一直都不正常，最高的時候達(dá)到40.5攝氏度。(盡管身體發(fā)燒不正常，但生活中也時有發(fā)生。)uncommon a.罕見的，不平常的，指很少經(jīng)歷或很少見到的狀況；特別的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.颶風(fēng)在英國非常罕見。That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes gr

4、eat!那速溶咖啡質(zhì)量上乘，味道好極了！disordered a.混亂的，雜亂的；(精神或身體)有病的。We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我們聽不明白她條理不清的陳述。3、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish這一組動詞都有“取消，除掉”的意思。abolish v.指對法律、習(xí)俗、制度的廢除；完全破壞。The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒稅。cancel v.對預(yù)先安排

5、的某種活動(如旅行、計劃、會議等)的取消；刪去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.會議由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已經(jīng)存在但是現(xiàn)在不需要的東西。The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那個隊被淘汰了，不能參加下一階段的比賽。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.醫(yī)生幫助他排出腸中毒素。dispose v.處理，處置；表示“除掉、扔掉”時常與

6、of連用。(這一點需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后請清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意識地除去字跡、聲音等。I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁帶上錄音之前先消掉了上面的音樂。exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在內(nèi)，與include互為反義詞。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整

7、者不得進(jìn)入該餐館。extinguish v.熄滅，撲滅(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防隊員撲滅了大火。5、abstract, digest, outline, summary這一組名詞都有“要點，摘要”的意思。abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指對學(xué)術(shù)論文或法律論據(jù)作的簡述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已經(jīng)讀了他的書的概要。digest n. (篇幅較長的)摘要，文摘，它是對原文的濃縮而不是對原文的簡單解釋，濃縮后仍保持原文的順序、重點和風(fēng)格。Reader's Di

8、gest讀者文摘outline n.要點，大綱，概要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要談的想法列了一個提綱。summary n.總結(jié)，摘要，指用寥寥數(shù)語概括文章或者講話的要點，不考慮原文的風(fēng)格。6、absurd, ridiculous, silly這一組形容詞都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒謬的，可笑的，指因不符合常識、違反真理或不合邏輯而令人發(fā)笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.過

9、去曾經(jīng)有一種荒謬的觀點認(rèn)為地球呈扁平狀而且靜止不動。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因為愚昧無知而令人發(fā)笑并成為笑柄，含有蔑視成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.僅僅根據(jù)一個國家的飲食來評價該國家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于單純或者頭腦簡單而顯得愚蠢。a silly little boy傻小子7、abundant, plentiful這兩個形容詞都有“充足的”之意。abundant a. (數(shù)量)充足的，常用于人、物產(chǎn)、資源、雨量等，含有“過多”之意。Oil is i

10、n abundant supply in this country.這個國家石油供應(yīng)十分充裕。plentiful a.豐富的，充足的，常用于食物、收獲、財產(chǎn)等，不能用于時間、空間、思想等方面。Eggs are plentiful at this moment.現(xiàn)在雞蛋很多。8、accent, tone, dialect這三個名詞意思相近，容易混淆。accent n.口音，指某一地區(qū)語言的發(fā)音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他講英語帶有西班牙口音。tone n.語氣，音調(diào)，指說話人的口氣或聲音的高低、輕重等。He speaks to h

11、is baby in soft tones.他用柔和的語調(diào)和他的嬰兒說話。dialect n.方言，土語，地方話，指一個地區(qū)人們所使用的語言。the Yorkshire dialect約克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言9、access, assess這兩個詞為一組“形近易混詞”。access n.接近，進(jìn)入。The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在這些公寓里的人可以免費地進(jìn)入游泳池。assess v.評估(財產(chǎn)，價值)。I assessed how mu

12、ch it would cost to build a new apartment.我評估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少錢。10、accommodate, afford, furnish這一組動詞都有“提供”的意思。accommodate v.提供住宿、房間；適應(yīng)，迎合，遷就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.這家飯店可供500位來賓住宿。The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司滿足了顧客的愿望，連夜將貨物發(fā)了出去。af

13、ford v.負(fù)擔(dān)，支付；當(dāng)“提供”講時，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我們買不起那輛昂貴的跑車。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.從這幢高樓上可以看到大海的美麗景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某種用途所需要的東西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.閱讀

14、雖然為我們的思想提供了各種知識，然而只有思考才能將我們讀到的內(nèi)容變成自己的東西。11、accomplishment, attainment, achievement這三個名詞都有“成就”的意思。accomplishment n.成功，成就；才藝，修養(yǎng)。Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.對于登山運動員來說，爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.畫畫得好只是她的許多才能之一。attainment n.

15、指學(xué)識和造詣(常用作復(fù)數(shù))；達(dá)到，到達(dá)。a scholar of the highest attainments造詣極高的學(xué)者achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具體的“成績”，與accomplishment是同義詞。12、accuse, charge兩個動詞都有“控訴，指控”之意，但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同。accuse v.指控，控訴，與介詞of連用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。charge v.可以指因為小錯而受的責(zé)備，也指因違法而受到控告，與介詞with連用。The police charged him with

16、murder.警察指控他犯了謀殺罪。13、acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure 這一組動詞都有"獲得，取得"的意思，在考研和CET-6當(dāng)中屢次出現(xiàn)它們之間的辨析。acquire v.多指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習(xí)慣等，也可用于對財物等的獲得，該詞強調(diào)"一經(jīng)獲得就會長期持有"的含義。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通過學(xué)習(xí)

17、，個人才得以獲得應(yīng)付各種情況的習(xí)慣做法。attain v.指經(jīng)過不懈的努力獲得未曾預(yù)料到的結(jié)果；也可指達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.這名銷售員完成了當(dāng)月的銷售目標(biāo)。obtain v.獲得，買到，用于正式語體中。He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通過向銀行貸款買下了那份房產(chǎn)。gain v.指通過較大努力獲得某種利益或好處；亦可指軍事上的武力奪取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value

18、.投資者通過所買股票價格上漲而得利潤。earn v.掙得，贏得，指因工作等而得到報酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期掙多少錢？achieve v.得到，獲得，多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved success and wealth.這個影星取得了成功和財富。secure v.得到；把拿到手，含有肯定占有難以得到的東西之意；使安全，保衛(wèi)；作形容詞比較常見，意為"安全的"。A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100萬人的簽名。He secured

19、the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上離開前鎖好了辦公室的門窗。14、acute, critical, crucial, urgent這一組形容詞都有"嚴(yán)重的，重要的"意思。acute a.劇烈的，嚴(yán)重的；急性的(病)。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品嚴(yán)重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饑挨餓。critical a.意為"關(guān)鍵的"，表示處于極度缺乏的狀態(tài)或事件的轉(zhuǎn)折點，與crucial相似。與crucial的區(qū)別在于它對缺乏的

20、或危急的程度有更準(zhǔn)確的衡量；還指"批判性的，分析性的It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.為了考好你必須用功學(xué)習(xí)，則你會不及格的。crucial a.意為"決定性的，緊要關(guān)頭的，至關(guān)重要的"，最為籠統(tǒng)，適用于上述兩種情況。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消費者信心的增強對經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇是至關(guān)重要的。urgent a.意為"緊迫的，急迫的，緊要的"，它不強調(diào)所

21、指的問題是最重要的，僅強調(diào)"緊急的"狀態(tài)。We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我們急需要幫助，我們的水就快要用光了。15、adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary這九個動詞都含有"調(diào)整、改變"的意思。adjust v.一般指很小的改變或技術(shù)性的調(diào)整；修理。I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我調(diào)節(jié)了空調(diào)以保持涼爽。

22、regulate v.指根據(jù)規(guī)定或需要對某物(機器、鐘表等)進(jìn)行調(diào)整或調(diào)節(jié)，使之準(zhǔn)確工作或運行；多含有"控制"之意。Lights are used to regulate the traffic.紅綠燈被用來管制交通。rectify v.糾正，校正(錯誤、文章、合同等)。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯誤。amend v. (正式用語)指修改文件、法律、規(guī)范等。The politicians amended the law to provide m

23、ore jobs.政治家們修正了這項法律以提供更多的就業(yè)。convert v.改變某事物的形式或用途，還可以指改變信仰尤其是宗教信仰。Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英國于1971年改用十進(jìn)制貨幣體系。He's converted to Catholicism.他已經(jīng)皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外觀、性質(zhì)、用途等方面稍作改變。The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁縫修改了我的褲腰因為它太緊了。mod

24、ify v.改變，修改，以使某物更趨完善，還可以用來表示態(tài)度、脾氣、意見變得溫和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗聲大氣，脾氣暴躁；朋友們告訴他要改變自己的舉止。transform v.指徹底、深遠(yuǎn)的改變，這種變化完全改變了外觀或特性，使被改變的對象脫胎換骨。Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新裝修使這所陳舊昏暗的房子變得賞心悅目。vary v.強調(diào)沒有一定規(guī)則、陸續(xù)的變化或差異。Air f

25、ares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的機票價格各不相同。16、admit, confess, concede這幾個動詞都有"承認(rèn)"的意思。admit v.指由于說服、再三追問而"承認(rèn)"某一事實或過錯。I admit that you have a point.我承認(rèn)你有理。confess v.供認(rèn)(罪行、過錯等)，含有"坦白、招認(rèn)"的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供認(rèn)了他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隱瞞或不愿意承認(rèn)某一錯誤，

26、但由于證據(jù)確鑿而不得不勉強承認(rèn)，還可以指"以退為進(jìn)"的承認(rèn)。The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成這次交通事故的人最終向警察承認(rèn)他是肇事人。17、affiliate, link, attach, append這一組動詞都有"附加"的意思。affiliate v.加入，成為一部分。an affiliated middle school一所附屬中學(xué)link v.將人或物連接起來。The crowd linked arms to

27、form a barrier.群眾臂挽著臂組成人墻。attach v.將某物系在、貼在、附在另一物上。I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用別針將一張字條別在報告的后面。append v.增加，附加(與attach的意思比較接近)。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律師在合同后又附加了兩頁。18、affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim這一組動詞都有"聲稱"的意思。affirm v.堅信

28、不疑地肯定或宣稱，是deny的反義詞。He affirmed his love for her.他發(fā)誓愛她。assert v.指不管事實如何，主觀自信地宣稱，或者清楚有力地堅持某個情況為事實。She asserted that she was innocent .她宣稱自己是無辜的。allege v.在無真憑實據(jù)的情況下宣稱、斷定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯聲稱案發(fā)時他不在現(xiàn)場。claim v.要求，聲稱，斷言。多指根據(jù)某種規(guī)定提出的要求或主張

29、。They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他們生成如果有更多的人騎自行車上班的話，鬧市區(qū)的汽車就會有所減少。announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次當(dāng)眾正式宣布某一主張或態(tài)度，常常帶有預(yù)告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明宣告了知識普及時代的來臨。p

30、roclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指經(jīng)過深思熟慮后向大眾宣布一個明確的決定或判斷，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方場合。The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭來臨的時候總統(tǒng)宣布進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。19、aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify這一組動詞都有"加強"的意思。aggravate v.加重(負(fù)擔(dān)、罪行、病情等)，使之惡化。I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to wa

31、lk too soon.我的腳受傷了，而過早的下地走路又加重了傷情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于軍隊或警察的行動；(以添加材料等)加固。A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三個盜賊搶劫銀行，用無線電話要求增援。increase v.指數(shù)量上的增加。The number of people has been increased.人數(shù)增加了。strengthen v.加強，鞏固，增強，相當(dāng)于to become stronger。Exercising eve

32、ry day strengthens the heart.每天鍛煉可以提高心臟的功能。Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人們認(rèn)為競爭加強了民族性而不是破壞了它。intensify v.使變得更強烈、劇烈，加劇，相當(dāng)于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨20、alert, cautious, considerate這一組形容詞都表示"小

33、心的，謹(jǐn)慎的"。alert a.警惕的，留神的。The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁邊，時刻準(zhǔn)備給大家斟酒。cautious a.細(xì)心的，謹(jǐn)慎的。He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花錢的問題上他態(tài)度謹(jǐn)慎。considerate a.關(guān)心他人的，體貼的。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒他人，并且慈

34、祥而富有同情心。21、alive, live, living, lively這一組形容詞都跟"活"有關(guān)。alive a.活著的，有活力的，常作表語，作定語時必須后置。After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活著的人live a.活的，有活力的，現(xiàn)場直播的。We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我們通過電視觀看了這部歌劇的實況。living a.活著的，作定語可前可后，可修飾人也可修飾物。Who is the world&#

35、39;s greatest living artist?誰是現(xiàn)在還健在的世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家？living room起居室lively a.活潑的，栩栩如生的。She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是個活潑可愛的小姑娘，總是歡聲笑語忙個不停。22、alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline這一組動詞都有"減少，減輕"的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕，緩和The painkiller alleviated the pain.止

36、疼藥減緩了疼痛。diminish v.指因為不斷消耗，在數(shù)量方面緩慢減少，也指在素質(zhì)或者價值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于戰(zhàn)爭石油的供應(yīng)減少了。reduce v.指人為地使某物在數(shù)量或重量方面的減少或降低。He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。decrease v.指數(shù)量上的減少；力量或者強度的減弱。The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數(shù)量急劇下降。decline v. (數(shù)目、

37、價格、比率)下降；謝絕，婉言推辭；衰退，衰落。Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。23、allocate, separate, detach, divide這一組動詞都有"分開"的意思。allocate v.分配，把撥給。The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this yea

38、r's budget.市政府在今年的預(yù)算中給學(xué)校和警察部門分配了資金。separate v.人為地分開，使隔離開。We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。detach v.拆開組合的物體；遠(yuǎn)離，疏遠(yuǎn)。We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從墻上拆下來。divide v.指將整體分為若干個部分。The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.這家

39、特大公司分成一些較小的公司。24、ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim 這一組形容詞都有"模糊"的意思。ambiguous a.意義含糊的，有歧義的，指因字、詞、句有歧義而使人感到模糊不清、難以理解和把握。His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱兩可的指導(dǎo)使我們很迷惑以至于我們不知道該走哪條路了。obscure a.用于表達(dá)因光線不足而使人看不清楚。該詞的引申意義可以表示語法、文字、記憶等因復(fù)雜、

40、深奧、模棱兩可而使人看不懂和無法理解。The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾茲拉·龐德的詩有時候難以理解，因為詩歌中含有許多令人費解的典故。vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意義，用來表示因邏輯關(guān)系不清、言辭籠統(tǒng)而導(dǎo)致的意義不清楚，該詞也可表示輪廓形狀的不清楚和模糊。He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大

41、概知道他要做什么，但沒有具體的計劃。unclear a.指句意、字跡不清楚，使人難以看懂；不肯定的。Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字跡使人難以辨認(rèn)。It is unclear whether the economy will get better.經(jīng)濟(jì)是否好轉(zhuǎn)仍不明朗。dim a.光線暗淡的，看不清的；記憶力模糊的；不大可能的。Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光線下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康復(fù)的可能性十分渺茫。25、ampl

42、ify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expandamplify v.擴大，增加，尤其指通過增強電壓或電流使聲音擴大；補充敘述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請你對你的說法作進(jìn)一步的說明。enlarge v.擴大，多指具體物品如相片的放大。enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house擴建房屋stretch v. (有彈性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超過限度；伸長、伸出(身體某部位)并繃緊肌肉(尤指在放松后或為了夠著某物)。The pullover

43、 stretched after I had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之后就撐大了。Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早間工作之后，職員們站到桌子后面伸伸懶腰。magnify v.放大，指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能夠閱讀。reinforce v.增援，加固。exp

44、and v.指范圍、體積的擴大、增大，也可以指內(nèi)容或細(xì)節(jié)的充實。The balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹，然后就爆破了。26、anger, fury, indignation, resentment這一組名詞都有"憤怒、生氣"的意思。anger n.氣憤，生氣，是一般用語。After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭吵之后，他一拳打在那個人的臉上以發(fā)泄怒氣。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度較anger要強。in

45、dignation n.義憤，尤其指出于道義上的激憤。General indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價突然猛增激起的公憤resentment n.憤恨，怨恨，不滿，是正式用語，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害后而產(chǎn)生的憤慨。There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低后，辦公室里怨聲載道。27、apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distin

46、ct這一組形容詞都有"明顯的"之意。apparent a.明顯的，顯而易見的，尤其指容易觀察到或認(rèn)識到的事物。He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高興，顯然他現(xiàn)在想走了。evident a.明白的，明顯的，與apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事實證明的事物。It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.顯然他是有罪的，在犯罪現(xiàn)場發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的指紋。manife

47、st a.清楚的，明顯的，多指根據(jù)外部特征或跡象便能看出或了解其意義，常作表語。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出眾，但長相并不動人。obvious a.明顯的，顯而易見的，含有無可辯白，不需證明之意。It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很顯然，那個婦女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明顯的；不同的，獨特的。修飾性質(zhì)明顯不同的東西。Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his

48、 health.治療已使他的健康有了明顯的好轉(zhuǎn)。28、applaud, clap, commend, praiseapplaud v.鼓掌，贊揚，指因精湛表演或某種行為得到別人的贊許，大聲叫好或熱烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表揚了我的工作，對我的努力表示贊許。clap v.拍打，其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能說applaud one's hands。clap sb.為某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物commend v.為正式用詞，用于對具體功績或成就表示嘉獎，通

49、常指上級對下級、長輩對晚輩的贊賞。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老師表揚學(xué)生們的考試成績優(yōu)異。praise v.為一般用詞，用于對某人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)表示欽佩羨慕；贊頌，贊美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管稱贊這位員工的工作做得不錯。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.墜機事件的幸存者贊頌上帝使他們得救。29、area, district, region, vic

50、inity, zone這一組名詞都有"區(qū)域"的意思。area n.泛指面積較大的地區(qū)；面積；專業(yè)領(lǐng)域。The New York area has high rents.紐約地區(qū)房租很高。district n.行政區(qū)劃的小范圍地區(qū)。如Xicheng district北京西城區(qū)region n.行政區(qū)劃上更大的地區(qū)，如"自治區(qū)"；身體部位。The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美國東北部包括紐約和新英格蘭地區(qū)的那六個州。vicinity

51、 n.周圍地區(qū)，附近地區(qū)。The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因為逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地區(qū)。zone n.指特定的地方、地帶。The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通過法律，在一些空地上開辟商業(yè)區(qū)。30、assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium這一組名詞都表示&

52、quot;會議"的意思。assembly n.集合，集會。The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.學(xué)生們在大禮堂舉行集會。conference n. (專門性的)會議，討論會。The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.關(guān)于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的會議在日內(nèi)瓦召開。congress n.代表大會，(美國的)國會。Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美國國會通過的法律，人

53、民一定要遵守。rally n. (鼓舞士氣的)集會；群眾性集會。The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教練召開了一個動員會，以便鼓舞士氣打好下次比賽。seminar n. (大學(xué)的)研究班，研討會。During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教師在學(xué)院里參加研究班。session n. (一屆)會議，回合。the autumn session of Pa

54、rliament議會的秋季會議summit n.最高級會議，峰會(通常為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人參加)。Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年將在維也納舉行最高級會談。symposium n. (學(xué)術(shù)、科研方面的)座談會，專題報告會。The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研討會持續(xù)了兩天。31、assessment, estimate, evaluation這一組名詞都有"評估"的意思。assessment n.評估，估價，常常表示對于財產(chǎn)、價值的評估。We ha

55、ve a low assessment on our property.我們對我們的資產(chǎn)評估很低。estimate n.估計，強調(diào)進(jìn)行評估得出的結(jié)果，常與動詞give搭配。The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.機械師給我的汽車修理費的粗略估計是200或300美元。evaluation n. (對于能力，價值、工作業(yè)績的)評價，估價，常帶有肯定的、正確的含義。He gave a positive evaluation of our scient

56、ific research.他對于我們的科學(xué)研究給予了積極的評價。32、associate, ally, combine, unite這一組詞都有"聯(lián)合"的意思。associate v.交往，結(jié)交；聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示與某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某個方面合作。We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我們同鄰居交往。ally v.使結(jié)盟，使聯(lián)姻，多與with搭配。Several political parties allied with each other against higher

57、taxes.幾個政治黨派聯(lián)合起來反對提高稅收。combine v.聯(lián)合，化合，混合，多指為了某個目的將不同的人或物混合而成一個整體。The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黃油和面粉混合到一起做成面團(tuán)。unite v.聯(lián)合，合并，團(tuán)結(jié)，尤指不同的事物或人組成統(tǒng)一體，強調(diào)結(jié)果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.國民團(tuán)結(jié)一致共同對敵。33、average, common, general, universal, usual這一組形容詞都有"普通&qu

58、ot;的意思。average a.普通的，一般的，它強調(diào)的是一般水準(zhǔn)或普通水準(zhǔn)；通常在有數(shù)字出現(xiàn)的情況下，表示"平均的"。The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分鐘內(nèi)平均跑兩英里。common a.常見的，普通的，不足為奇的，有時引申為"平凡的"，強調(diào)事物的共同性。另外，它還有"公共的，共同的"之意。Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，強調(diào)整體性而非個別和例外，該詞的反義詞為particular。In general, the economy is doing well now.總的來說，現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)形式還不錯。universal a.普遍的，比general語氣更強，有"全然沒有例外"的意思。Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.貧困是世界各地普遍存在的問題。usual a.通常的，慣常的，強調(diào)"習(xí)慣性的，符合規(guī)章制度的"，是個一般用語。34、award, rewardawar