全新版大學(xué)英語(第二版)綜合教程1課文原文課文翻譯(共56頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit 1 Growing UPPart Text A Writing for Myself When we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests. But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten. Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himsel

2、f and everyone else when he discovered the answer. 我們寫作時常常被告誡，腦子里要有讀者，筆者所云一定要符合讀者的口味和興趣。但有一位讀者特別不該忘記。你能猜出是誰嗎？當(dāng)拉塞爾·貝克找到這個問題的答案時，他自己和別人都感到大為驚訝。 Writing for Myself Russell Baker 1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my t

3、hird year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I've been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. 為

4、自己而寫 拉塞爾·貝克 從孩提時代，我還住在貝爾維爾時，我的腦子里就斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地轉(zhuǎn)著當(dāng)作家的念頭，但直等到我高中三年級，這一想法才有了實現(xiàn)的可能。在這之前，我對所有跟英文課沾邊的事都感到膩味。我覺得英文語法枯燥難懂。我痛恨那些長而乏味的段落寫作，老師讀著受累，我寫著痛苦。 2 When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a re

5、putation among students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckt

6、ies set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique. 弗利格爾先生接我們的高三英文課時，我就準(zhǔn)備著在這門最最單調(diào)乏味的課上再熬上沉悶的一年。弗利格爾先生在學(xué)生中以其說話干巴和激勵學(xué)生無術(shù)而出名。據(jù)說他拘謹(jǐn)刻板，完全落后于時代

7、。我看他有六七十歲了，古板之極。他戴著古板的毫無裝飾的眼鏡，微微卷曲的頭發(fā)剪得筆齊，梳得紋絲不亂。他身穿古板的套裝，領(lǐng)帶端端正正地頂著白襯衣的領(lǐng)扣。他長著古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，說起話來一本正經(jīng)，字斟句酌，彬彬有禮，活脫脫一個滑稽的老古董。 3 I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework

8、 sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so simple-minded as "What I Did on My Summer Vacation," but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, to

9、ok the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was "The Art of Eating Spaghetti." 我作好準(zhǔn)備，打算在弗利格爾先生的班上一無所獲地混上一年，不少日子過去了，還真不出所料。后半學(xué)期我們學(xué)寫隨筆小品文。弗利格爾先生發(fā)下一張家庭作業(yè)紙，出了不少題目供我們選擇。像"暑假二三事"那樣傻乎乎的題目倒是一個也沒有，但絕大多數(shù)一樣乏味。我把作文題帶回家，一直沒寫，直到要交作業(yè)的前一天晚上。我躺在沙發(fā)上，最終不得不面對這一討

10、厭的功課，便從筆記本里抽出作文題目單粗粗一看。我的目光落在"吃意大利細(xì)面條的藝術(shù)"這個題目上。 4 This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal and Aunt P

11、at served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing argu

12、ments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 這個題目在我腦海里喚起了一連串不同尋常的圖像。貝爾維爾之夜的清晰的回憶如潮水一般涌來，當(dāng)時，我們大家一起圍坐在晚餐桌旁 艾倫舅舅、我母親、查理舅舅、多麗絲、哈爾舅舅 帕特舅媽晚飯做的是意大利細(xì)面條。那時意大利細(xì)面條還是很少聽說的異國食品。多麗絲和我都還從來沒吃過，在座的大人也是經(jīng)驗不足，沒有一個吃起來得心應(yīng)手的。艾倫舅舅家詼諧有趣的場景全都重現(xiàn)在我的腦海中，我回想起來，當(dāng)晚我們笑作一團(tuán)，爭

13、論著該如何地把面條從盤子上送到嘴里才算合乎禮儀。 5 Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it a

14、s I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I'd learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself. 突然我就想描述那一切，描述當(dāng)時那種溫馨美好的氣氛，但我把它寫下來僅僅是想自得其樂，而不是為弗利格

15、爾先生而寫。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一個時刻。我想重溫那個夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那樣去寫，就會違反我在學(xué)校里學(xué)的正式作文的種種法則，弗利格爾先生也肯定會打它一個不及格。沒關(guān)系。等我為自己寫好了之后，我可以再為弗利格爾先生寫點什么別的東西。 6 When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn i

16、n my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for t

17、he class's attention. 等我寫完時已是半夜時分，再沒時間為弗利格爾先生寫一篇循規(guī)蹈矩、像模像樣的文章了。第二天上午，我別無選擇，只好把我為自己而寫的貝爾維爾晚餐的故事交了上去。兩天后弗利格爾先生發(fā)還批改過的作文，他把別人的都發(fā)了，就是沒有我的。我正準(zhǔn)備著遵命一放學(xué)就去弗利格爾先生那兒挨訓(xùn)，卻看見他從桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子讓大家注意聽。 7 "Now, boys," he said. "I want to read you an essay. This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghe

18、tti.'" "好了，孩子們，"他說。"我要給你們念一篇小品文。文章的題目是：吃意大利細(xì)面條的藝術(shù)。" 8 And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What's more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing

19、, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile. 于是他開始念了。是我寫的！他給全班大聲念我寫的文章。更不可思議的是，全班同學(xué)都在聽著他念，而且聽得很專心。有人笑出聲來，接著全班都笑了，不是輕蔑嘲弄，而是樂乎乎地開懷大笑。就連弗利格爾先生也停頓了兩三次，好抑制他那一絲拘謹(jǐn)?shù)奈⑿Α?9 I did my best to avoid showing pleas

20、ure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final s

21、eal on my happiness by saying, "Now that, boys, is an essay, don't you see. It's don't you see it's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker." 我盡力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我寫的文章竟然能使別人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十一年級，可謂是最后的時刻，我找到了一個今生想做的事。這是我整個求學(xué)生涯中最幸福的一刻。弗利格爾先生念

22、完后說道："瞧，孩子們，這就是小品文，懂了沒有。這才是 知道嗎 這才是小品文的精髓，知道了沒有。祝賀你，貝克先生。"他這番話使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中。 Part Text B Summer Reading As a summer job the author used to cut Mr. Ballou's lawn. The only problem was that Mr. Ballou never seemed to have any money to pay for it. But what he did have to give was somethi

23、ng that turned out to be far more valuable. 夏天打工時，作者常常替巴盧先生修剪草坪。惟一的問題是，巴盧先生似乎從來沒錢支付工錢。然而，他實際上所給予的卻遠(yuǎn)比工錢珍貴。 Summer Reading Michael Dorris 1 When I was fourteen, I earned money in the summer by cutting lawns, and within a few weeks I had built up a body of customers. I got to know people by the flowers

24、 they planted that I had to remember not to cut down, by the things they lost in the grass or stuck in the ground on purpose. I reached the point with most of them when I knew in advance what complaint was about to be spoken, which particular request was most important. (1) And I learned something a

25、bout the measure of my neighbors by their preferred method of payment: by the job, by the month or not at all. 夏日閱讀 邁克爾·多里斯 十四歲那年，我在暑假里替人修剪草坪掙些錢，不出幾個星期，我就有了不少客戶。客戶們種植的花卉我得記住不能剪去，他們會將東西遺落在草地上或故意插在地里，通過這些我逐漸認(rèn)識了他們。我對大多數(shù)客戶了解至深，事先就能知道他們會抱怨些什么，哪些特別的要求不能掉以輕心。(1)而且，我從鄰居偏愛的付款方式中了解到了一點他們的情況：有的按干的活兒給錢，有的按

26、月支付 或者有的壓根兒不付錢。 2 Mr. Ballou fell into the last category, and he always had a reason why. On one day he had no change for a fifty, on another he was flat out of checks, on another, he was simply out when I knocked on his door. Still, except for the money part, he was a nice enough old guy, always wa

27、ving or tipping his hat when he'd see me from a distance. I figured him for a thin retirement check, maybe a work-related injury that kept him from doing his own yard work. Sure, I kept track of the total, but I didn't worry about the amount too much. (2) Grass was grass, and the little that

28、 Mr. Ballou's property comprised didn't take long to trim. 巴盧先生屬于最后一類，而且他總有理由。有一天他兌不開一張五十元的鈔票，又有一天他支票用完了，還有一天我上門時他干脆就溜出去了。撇開錢這檔子事，他倒也還是個挺不錯的老頭，每次看見我，老遠(yuǎn)就揮手或脫帽致意。我猜他退休金不多，可能出過工傷，整不了自己的園子。沒錯，我全都記著賬，可我對這點錢并沒太在意。(2)也就是剪剪草，何況巴盧先生住宅外面的那一點草坪修剪起來花不了多少時間。 3 Then, one late afternoon in mid-July, the ho

29、ttest time of the year, I was walking by his house and he opened the door, motioned me to come inside. The hall was cool, shaded, and it took my eyes a minute to adjust to the dim light. 到了一年中最熱的七月中旬，一天傍晚前，我走過他家，他開了門，示意我進(jìn)去。門廳里涼涼的，簾子遮去了陽光，過了一會兒我的眼睛才適應(yīng)室內(nèi)的暗淡光線。 4 "I owe you," Mr. Ballou began

30、, "but" "我欠你工錢，"巴盧先生開口道，"不過" 5 I thought I'd save him the trouble of thinking up a new excuse. "No problem. Don't worry about it." 我想省得他費神找新的借口了， 就說: "沒事。別放在心上。" 6 "The bank made a mistake in my account," he continued, ignoring my w

31、ords. "It will be cleared up in a day or two. But in the meantime I thought perhaps you could choose one or two volumes for a down payment." "銀行把我的賬弄錯了，"他沒理我的碴兒，接著說，"一兩天里就會改過來。在這當(dāng)兒，我想你不妨挑一兩本書作為我的首付款。" 7 He gestured toward the walls and I saw that books were stacked ever

32、ywhere. It was like a library, except with no order to the arrangement. 他朝墻那邊指了指，我這才發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都堆著書。就跟圖書館一樣，只不過沒有分門別類罷了。 8 "Take your time," Mr. Ballou encouraged. "Read, borrow, keep. Find something you like. What do you read?" "別著急，"巴盧先生鼓動說，"讀也好，借也好，留著也行。找你喜歡的。你平常都愛讀什么書

33、??？" 9 "I don't know." And I didn't. I generally read what was in front of me, what I could get from the paperback stack at the drugstore, what I found at the library, magazines, the back of cereal boxes, comics. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me

34、, but, I realized, not without appeal so I started to look through the piles of books. "我不知道。"我的確不知道。我通常是弄到什么就讀什么，從藥房里買到的平裝書，圖書館里借得到的書、雜志，到麥片包裝盒背面的說明，還有連環(huán)漫畫，什么都看。有意識地找出一本特別的書來讀對我是件新鮮事，不過我覺得這主意挺不錯 于是我開始在書堆中翻找起來。 10 "You actually read all of these?" "這么多書你都讀過??？" 11 "

35、This isn't much," Mr. Ballou said. "This is nothing, just what I've kept, the ones worth looking at a second time." "這不算多，"巴盧先生說，"這根本不算多，只不過是我自己的藏書，都是值得再讀一遍的。" 12 "Pick for me, then." "那就替我找一本吧。" 13 He raised his eyebrows, cocked his hea

36、d, and regarded me as though measuring me for a suit. After a moment, he nodded, searched through a stack, and handed me a dark red hardbound book, fairly thick. 他眉一抬，頭一側(cè)，望著我，就像是在給我量體裁衣似的。過了片刻，他略一點頭，便在一堆書中搜尋，然后遞給我一本暗紅色封面的精裝本，挺厚的。 14 "The Last of the Just," I read. "By Andre Schwarz-Ba

37、rt. What's it about?" "最后的正義，"我念道，"安德烈·施瓦茲巴特著。是講什么的？" 15 "You tell me," he said. "Next week." "你來告訴我，"他說，"下個星期。" 16 I started after supper, sitting outdoors on an uncomfortable kitchen chair. (3) Within a few pages, the yard,

38、the summer, disappeared, and I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by one decent man, and evil. Translated from French, the language was elegant, simple, impossible to resist. When the evening light finally failed I moved inside, read al

39、l through the night. 晚飯后我坐在室外一張不舒服的餐椅里打開了書。(3)讀了幾頁，院子就消失了，夏夜也消失了；我一下子就進(jìn)入了二戰(zhàn)期間納粹對猶太人的大屠殺這一令人悲痛的慘劇中，進(jìn)入了以一個正派人物為代表的善與惡之間非同尋常的沖突中。書譯自法文，譯文優(yōu)美樸素，令人不忍釋手。天色終于暗了下來，我回到室內(nèi)，讀了一個通宵。 17 To this day, thirty years later, I vividly remember the experience. It was my first voluntary encounter with world literature, a

40、nd I was stunned by the concentrated power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary, however, to translate my feelings into words, so the next week, when Mr. Ballou asked, "Well?" I only replied, "It was good." 時至三十年后的今天，我仍清晰地記得當(dāng)時的經(jīng)歷。那是我初次有心地接觸世界文學(xué)，我被一部小說所能包含的集聚的力量深深震撼。但我缺乏

41、足夠的詞匯表達(dá)我的情感，因此，第二個星期，當(dāng)巴盧先生問我"怎么樣"時，我只回答說："書真好。" 18 "Keep it, then," he said. "Shall I suggest another?" "那就留著吧，"他說，"要不要我再介紹一本？" 19 I nodded, and was presented with the paperback edition of Margaret Mead's Coming of Age in Samoa. 我點點頭，拿到

42、了一本平裝本的瑪格麗特·米德的薩摩亞人的成年。 20 To make two long stories short, Mr. Ballou never paid me a cent for cutting his grass that year or the next, but for fifteen years I taught anthropology at Dartmouth College. (4) Summer reading was not the innocent entertainment I had assumed it to be, not a light-hea

43、rted, instantly forgettable escape in a hammock (though I have since enjoyed many of those, too). A book, if it arrives before you at the right moment, in the proper season, at an interval in the daily business of things, will change the course of all that follows. 長話短說，無論當(dāng)年還是次年，巴盧先生分文未付我替他割草的工錢，但我在

44、達(dá)特默思大學(xué)教了十五年的人類學(xué)。(4) 盛夏閱讀不是我原先認(rèn)為的僅僅借以消磨時光的娛樂，不是躺在吊床上無憂無慮、打開書本就什么都忘掉的一種消遣（雖然自從那個夏天以來我曾多次以這種方式自娛自樂）。一本書，如果在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，恰當(dāng)?shù)募竟?jié)，在日常事務(wù)的間歇中出現(xiàn)在你的面前，就會改變你此后的人生道路。 Unit 2 Friendship Part Text A A all The Cabbie Had Was A Letter How do you feel when old friends are far away? Do you make an effort to keep in touch? So

45、metimes it is easy to put off writing a letter, thinking that there will be plenty of time tomorrow. But then sometimes, as this story shows, we leave it too late. Perhaps reading it will make you want to reach for your pen. 老朋友天各一方，你心有何感？你是否努力保持聯(lián)系？有時候?qū)懶诺氖潞苋菀讜煌显偻?，總以為明天有的是時間。然而，正如這則故事所表明的，有時我們拖得太晚了。

46、也許讀一讀這個故事會讓你提起筆來。 All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter Foster Furcolo 1 He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention. 出租車司機擁有的就剩一封信 福斯特·弗克洛 他準(zhǔn)是完全沉浸在所讀的東西里了，因為我不得不敲擋風(fēng)玻璃來引起他的注意。 2 "Is your cab available?" I asked wh

47、en he finally looked up at me. He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, "I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter." He sounded as if he had a cold or something. 他總算抬頭看我了?！澳愠鲕噯?？”我問道。他點點頭，當(dāng)我坐進(jìn)后座時，他抱歉地說：“對不起，我在讀一封信。” 聽上去他像是得 3 "I'm in no hurry," I to

48、ld him. "Go ahead and finish your letter." “我不著急，”我對他說，“你接著把信讀完吧。” 4 He shook his head. "I've read it several times already. I guess I almost know it by heart." 他搖了搖頭?！拔乙呀?jīng)讀了好幾遍了。我想我都能背出來了?！?5 "Letters from home always mean a lot," I said. "At least they do with

49、 me because I'm on the road so much." Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: "From a child or maybe a grandchild?" “家書抵萬金啊，”我說?！爸辽賹ξ襾碚f是這樣，因為我老是在外旅行?！蔽夜懒克辛呤畾q了，便猜測說：“是孩子還是孫子寫來的？” 6 "This isn't family," he replied. "Although," he went on

50、, "come to think of it, it might just as well have been family. Old Ed was my oldest friend. In fact, we used to call each other 'Old Friend' when we'd meet, that is. I'm not much of a hand at writing." “不是家里人，”他回答說?！安贿^，”他接著說，“想起來，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙計是我最老的朋友了。實際上，過去我倆總是以老朋友相稱的 就

51、是說，當(dāng)我倆相見時。我這人就是不大會寫東西?！?7 "I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well," I said. "I know I don't. But I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?" “我看大家寫信都不那么勤快，”我說，“我自己筆頭就很懶。我看，你認(rèn)識他挺久了吧？” 8 "All my life, practically. We were kids toget

52、her, so we go way back." “差不多認(rèn)識了一輩子了。我倆小時候就一起玩，所以我倆的友誼確實很長了。” 9 "Went to school together?" “一起上的學(xué)？” 10 "All the way through high school. We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and high school." “都一起上到高中呢。事實上，我倆從小學(xué)到高中都在一個班里。” 11 "There are not too many pe

53、ople who've had such a long friendship," I said. “保持這么長久友誼的人可真不多見啊，”我說。 12 "Actually," the driver went on, "I hadn't seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though

54、you never forget. He was a great guy." “其實呢，”司機接著說，“近25到30年來，我跟他一年只見一兩次面，因為我從原來住的老街坊搬了出來，聯(lián)系自然就少了，雖說你一直放在心上。他在的時候可真是個大好人?！?13 "You said 'was'. Does that mean ?" “你剛才說他在的時候。你是說 ？” 14 He nodded. "Died a couple of weeks ago." 他點了點頭?！扒皟蓚€星期過世啦?！?15 "I'm sorry,&quo

55、t; I said. "It's no fun to lose any friend and losing a real old one is even tougher." “真遺憾，”我說，“失去朋友真不是個滋味，失去個真正的老朋友更讓人受不了?！?16 He didn't reply to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes. But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more t

56、o himself than to me: "I should have kept in touch. Yes," he repeated, "I should have kept in touch." 他開著車，沒有接話兒。 我們沉默了幾分鐘?？晌抑浪€在想著老埃德。他又開口時，與其說是跟我說話，還不如說是自言自語：“我真該一直保持聯(lián)系。真的，”他重復(fù)道，“我真該一直保持聯(lián)系。” 17 "well," I agreed, "We should all keep in touch with old friends more

57、 than we do. But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time." “是啊，”我表示贊同，“我們都該與老朋友保持更多的聯(lián)系。不過總是有事情冒出來，好像就是抽不出空來?！?18 He shrugged. "We used to find the time," he said. "That's even mentioned in the letter." He handed it over to me. "Take a look."

58、他聳了聳肩?！拔覀冞^去總能抽出空來，”他說?！靶爬镞€提到呢?！彼研胚f給我，“你看看吧?！?19 "Thanks," I said, "but I don't want to read your mail. That's pretty personal." “謝謝你，”我說，“不過我不想讀你的信。這純屬私事。” 20 The driver shrugged. "Old Ed's dead. There's nothing personal now. Go ahead," he urged me. 司機聳

59、一聳肩?！袄习５氯硕妓懒恕]什么私事不私事了。念吧，”他催促說。 21 The letter was written in pencil. It began with the greeting "Old Friend,"and the first sentence reminded me of myself. I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always postponed it. It then went on to say that he often thought about the

60、 good times they had had together when they both lived in the same neighborhood. It had references to things that probably meant something to the driver, such as the time Tim Shea broke the window, the Halloween that we tied Old Mr. Parker's gate, and when Mrs. Culver used to keep us after schoo

61、l. 信是用鉛筆寫的。稱呼寫著“老朋友”，而開頭第一句話讓我想到自己?！霸缇拖雽懶帕?，可就是一拖再拖?！?信里接著寫道，他常?；叵霃那皟扇俗≡谝粋€街坊時的快樂時光。信里提到些事，可能對司機很重要，比如“那次蒂姆·謝打破窗子，那年萬圣節(jié)前夕，我們把老帕克先生的大門拴了起來，還有卡爾弗太太老是在放學(xué)后把咱倆留下訓(xùn)斥的那陣子”。 22 "You must have spent a lot of time together," I said to him. “你們倆準(zhǔn)是在一起度過了不少時光，”我對他說。 23 "Like it says there," he answered, "about all we had to spend in those days was time." He shook his head: "Time." “就跟信