自考復(fù)習(xí)英語(二)教案

1、大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程上下冊(cè)語音教程配套教案本課程的名稱為“大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程（上冊(cè)）”，它是高等教育自學(xué)考試各專業(yè)（英 語專業(yè)除外）專科階段的公共實(shí)踐課，檢測好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是會(huì)不會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用這門語言?？荚嚧?綱規(guī)定，大學(xué)英語的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是“使學(xué)習(xí)者能比較熟練地掌握英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語言技能，做 到具有較好的閱讀能力、一定的英譯漢能力和初步的聽、說、讀、寫及漢譯英能力，為獲得 專業(yè)所需要的信息及進(jìn)一步提高英語水平打下較扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)”。本課程包括較系統(tǒng)的英語語法知識(shí)、英語單詞約3000個(gè)和詞組約500個(gè)，閱讀量為30000 余詞。本課程的重點(diǎn)是英語的基本詞匯和語法，課程的主要目的是培養(yǎng)閱讀能力。本課程的主要考試內(nèi)容是

2、從詞匯、語法、閱讀和翻譯著手的。從2000年開始考試題型已 改為如下七種：k客觀題部分：1.單項(xiàng)選擇10%； 2.完型填空10%； 3.閱讀理解30%； B.主 觀題部分：4.單詞拼寫10%； 5.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換10%； 6.漢譯英15%； 7.英譯漢15%為了幫助大家在英語學(xué)習(xí)、考試方面能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果，以及從我這幾年教受英語 課程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，想給大家提幾點(diǎn)建議，：第一，要勤讀、多讀。我們這里所說的“讀”包括朗讀和閱讀，正確的發(fā)音，流利的朗讀, 對(duì)于熟練掌握單詞、句子和課文，提高閱讀速度都有根本意義：第二，記牢單詞。我知道這歷來是考生們最頭疼的事情，但是我認(rèn)為只要大家有好的適合自 己的方法，那

3、么對(duì)于大綱要求的這3000詞匯來說應(yīng)該只是a piece of cake（小事一莊）。 發(fā)音要正確，背單詞要有計(jì)劃，讀寫結(jié)合，注意常用詞的詞類和變化規(guī)則，記單詞要和學(xué)習(xí) 課文結(jié)合起來，不能死記硬背，最后一環(huán)是和遺忘作斗爭的最有效手段-一復(fù)習(xí)。英語中有 一句諺語：Rome wasn' t built in one day!譯成中文是：冰凍三尺非一日之寒。記憶單詞 尤應(yīng)記住它：第三點(diǎn)，學(xué)好語法。學(xué)語法的主要目的是為了用。對(duì)于英語教學(xué)我最擅長的就是講解語法, 一般我會(huì)將語法現(xiàn)象融入所學(xué)課文中，讓大家感覺不是那么晦澀難懂。只有在錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的語 言現(xiàn)象中學(xué)和用，才能真正掌握語法。英語學(xué)習(xí)不是一句兩

4、句就說的完的，今后我會(huì)在教學(xué)中逐步讓大家感受到學(xué)英語的樂趣, 它不僅僅是我們通向事業(yè)成功的一座橋梁，也將豐富大家的日常生活。但學(xué)習(xí)畢竟是件苦事, 需要毅力，最后我將四個(gè)英文字母以及一句諺語送給我們每一位自學(xué)者：IIpp一Interest, Intention, patience and persistence. Where there is a will, there is a way!（有志 者事竟成！ ） Good luck!下面我們開始上課。我想在第一課開始之前對(duì)大家提幾點(diǎn)要求：L每人都必須有課本，即高 遠(yuǎn)主編的大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程（上）：2.每講后必須要復(fù)習(xí)、做作業(yè)：3.最好能提前看看 下

5、講的課文：4 .每5個(gè)單元有測驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)大家務(wù)必認(rèn)真完成；5有問題隨時(shí)問，學(xué)習(xí)上不要 害羞。本教程共計(jì)25個(gè)單元。每單元分A, B兩篇文章，一般A位重點(diǎn)文章，精講；B為培養(yǎng)閱讀 能力的文章，略講。Unit one：Text A： How to Be a Successful Language Learner?I . New Words：1. successful： a 成功的；succeed v ： succeed in doing something 做某事成功； success n; successfully ad (*)a. She wished him success_ in his ne

6、w job.b. Were you successful in finding a new house?c. I finished my training successfully.d. He succeeds in finding a good job.2. disagree： v disagree with somebody(與某人有分歧，意見不一致)，n disagreement, a disagreeable;反義詞：agree, agreement, agreeablee. g. I always disagree with him.3.guarantee：。/ v保證、擔(dān)保、保修e

7、. g. 1>. The watch has a two-year guarantee, (n 保修)2>. The TV set is guaranteed for one year, (v 保修)4. intelligent:a 聰明的、明智的，n intelligence 聰明、智慧5. conversely: ad 相反地,converse a 相反的6. similar:a 相似的、類似的,短語 be similar to sth / sb in sth(*)e. g. She is similar in temper (性情、脾氣)to her mother.7. in

8、dependent：a獨(dú)立的、自主的，independence n獨(dú)立、自主、自立,(*)字根：depend (v):依靠、依賴，depend on / upondependence： n信賴、信任、依靠；dependent： a依靠的、需要支持的aWhen you begin to make money you can live a life of independence.b. Children depend on their parents for food.c. I don' t want to be dependent on my parents, because I am

9、an adult.8. clue：n 線索、提示，常用短語:clue to something9. adult： n成年人；a成年的、成熟的a. She can do it herself, for she is an adult now.b. His behavior isn' t adult.10. conclusion： n 結(jié)論、 推論；v conclude, decide v 決定，decision n 決定、 決心11. communicate： v交流、通訊、傳播，習(xí)語：communicate sth to sb：傳播某事給某人；communicate with sb：同

10、某人交流名詞：communication： a communication satellite 通訊衛(wèi)星；a communication network 通訊網(wǎng)，telecommunication： HliRx E巨信，China telecommunication 中國電信12. inexact ： a不正確的，反義詞：exact incomplete： a 不完整的，反義詞：complete13. purpose： n目的、意圖，purposeful： a有目的的，蓄意的， purposefully： ad有目的地、蓄意地(*)a. He was a clever man whose ev

11、ery word was purposeful.b. We should use the language purposefully.c. She did it on purpose.14. regularly: ad經(jīng)常地、定期地，regular： a定期的15. technique： n 技術(shù)、技巧，16. outline： v概括；n輪廓、大綱a. You should outline the story before you write it.b. You can see the outline of her face in the light of the candle.II. In

12、tensive reading：1. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的成年人會(huì)不同意這種說法的。本句主語為：Most adults who are learning a second language; in inwould disagree with：賓語為：this statement主語中包含有一個(gè)語法點(diǎn)，定語從句。這是英語中一個(gè)非常重要的語法點(diǎn).顧名思義，定 語從句應(yīng)該在整個(gè)句中做定語,請(qǐng)對(duì)比如下兩句:He bought an inte

13、resting book.（定語） / He bought a book which is interesting.（定語從句）° 具體介紹該語法點(diǎn)：修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句 必須放在先行詞后面，它需由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。通常引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom,（一般指人），which（一般指物），whose, that（人、物均可）.關(guān)系副詞有：when（時(shí)間），where（地點(diǎn)），why（原因）。不管是關(guān)系代詞 還是副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，要在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中的who are learning a s

14、econd language修飾先行詞most adults, who是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語。下而我們 一起來看另幾個(gè)例句：仔細(xì)聽我的分析！a. The man who/that will give us a talk has come.b. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel prize winner.c. She* s the girl who/whom/that I met at the party.d I live in the room whose window faces south.e. Did you find the bike t

15、hat/which you lost?would此時(shí)為助動(dòng)詞，表示“可能，將會(huì)”。需掌握的短語：disagree with sb about / on sthe. g. He disagrees with his wife about the education of their son.2. They need hundreds of hours of study and practicehundreds of ：幾百，當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million用作不確定數(shù)目時(shí)，需用復(fù)數(shù)形式， 并加介詞。f;當(dāng)它們用作確定的數(shù)目時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e. g. five hundre

16、d people; hundreds of people3. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.譯：語言學(xué)習(xí)不同于其他種類的學(xué)習(xí)。短語:be different from：與不同4. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. （）譯：有些人很聰明，在他們自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域很有成就，但發(fā)現(xiàn)很難成功地學(xué)習(xí)語言。本句主語 So

17、me people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields, 謂語 find,賓語 difficult to succeed in language learning, it 語法上稱作形式賓語： 當(dāng)賓語較長時(shí)，常將它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。包含定語從句 who are very intelligent and successful in their fields,修飾先行 詞some people, who在定語從句中作主語°需掌握的習(xí)語：be intelligent and successful in

18、one* s field;succeed in sth / doing sth5. Conversely, some people who are very successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.(相反地)這句話意思和結(jié)構(gòu)與上句相似，口頭分析。6. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. (*)譯：語言學(xué)習(xí)研究顯示成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者在許多方面都

19、是相似的。本句主語Language learning research：謂語：shows：賓語：that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。 在賓語從句中 successful language learners 是主語；are 是系動(dòng)詞；similar in many ways 是表語重要短語be similar (to sb/sth) in sth在方面與某人/某事相似7. Instead of waiting for the teachers to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. ()譯：不是等這老師

20、解釋，而是自己努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)各種句型和規(guī)則。Instead of waiting for the teachers to explain,介詞短語作狀語,主語：they：謂 語：try to find；賓語：the patterns and the rules for themselves介詞of后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞waiting短語：instead of sth; wait for sb to do sth; try to do sth;8. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct t

21、hem when they make a mistake. ()譯：他們尋找說這種語言的人，當(dāng)他們說錯(cuò)時(shí)就請(qǐng)這些人幫助指正。這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句，其中有一個(gè)定語從句who speak the language,修飾先 行詞people；有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句when they make a mistakecorrect： v指正、糾正，短語：make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤9. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things.譯：他們不害怕重復(fù)他們聽到的或說一些奇怪的東西。what they he

22、ar是repeat的賓語從句afraid 的用法：be afraid of sth; be afraid to do sth; be afraid that 從句 a.She is afraid to go out alone at night.b. I am afraid of snake.c. Het s afraid that he' 11 be late for class.10. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.譯：當(dāng)交流困難時(shí)

23、，他們會(huì)接受不準(zhǔn)確或不完整的信息。本句中包含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句When communication is difficult> 一個(gè)定語從句that is inexact or incomplete 修飾先行詞 information,在從句中 that 作主語©IL It' s more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. (*)譯：對(duì)他們來說，學(xué)會(huì)用所學(xué)的語言來思考比學(xué)會(huì)每個(gè)單詞的意思更重要。it作形式主語，真正主語是動(dòng)

24、詞不定式to learn to think in the language.原句語序 應(yīng)是：For them to learn to think in the language is more important than to know the meaning of every word.用形式主語的目的是因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ阶髦髡Z太長，為避免句子頭重腳輕，用it代替真正的主語。e. g. For many people to learn English well is very difficult.二It' s very difficult for many people to learn

25、English well短i吊 learn to do sth學(xué)會(huì)做；more important than更重要12. It' s necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them.=For them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them are necessary譯：對(duì)他們來說，學(xué)會(huì)這種語

26、言以便同這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)是非常必要的這句話較復(fù)雜，it作形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語，in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them 我們稱作目的狀語短語：in order to do sth; communicate with sb; learn from sb響，學(xué)習(xí)13. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.譯：因?yàn)樗麄兿雽W(xué)會(huì)這種語言，所以他們發(fā)現(xiàn)

27、不斷地練習(xí)實(shí)際應(yīng)用這種語言是容易的。it作形式賓語，真正的賓語to practice using the language regularly,原因狀語從 句 because they want to learn with it.practice是動(dòng)詞，英式英語拼寫形式是practise,美式英語動(dòng)詞和名詞拼寫都是practice. 作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面只能用動(dòng)名詞,如：practice speaking the language every day.（4段2 行）14. If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been

28、 learning independently, actively, and purposefully. （*）譯：如果你是一名成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者，你大概一直在獨(dú)立地、主動(dòng)地、目的明確地學(xué)習(xí)。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主句中的have been learning是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng) 作從以前開始一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在。三個(gè)副詞：independently, actively, and purposefully 要會(huì)拼寫。15. on the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you mi

29、ght do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.譯：另一方面來說，如果你的語言學(xué)習(xí)一直不太成功，你不妨試試上面提到的一些學(xué)習(xí)技巧。If your language learning has been less than successful 是條件狀語從句。短i吊 on the other hand:另一方面來說；less than successful：不太成功；might do well to do sth:表示一種委婉語氣，不妨，最好.e. g. You might do well to take the doctor&#

30、39; s advice.That* s all for this lecture, and let * s continue to learn this unit next time. Don* t forget to review what we have learnt, ok, see you then!The second lecture of College EnglishHi, everyone! Are you satisfied with the first lecture? Today we' 11 continue to learn unit one.I . Rev

31、iew something in lecture one：A. Useful phrases：1. disagree with （2 段 1 行）;2. hundreds of （2 段 3 行）；3. be different from（3段 1 行）；4. succeed in sth（3 段 3 行）；5. as much as you can（4 段 2 行）；6.practice doing sth（4 段 2 行）；7. try to do（4 段 4 行）；8. similar insth（5 段 2 行）；9. first of all （6 段 1 行）；10. depend

32、 on （6 段 2 行）；11. instead of sth/doing sth（6 段 3 行）；12. wait sb to do（6 段 3 行）；13. learn fromsth/sb（6 段 7 行）；14. make a mistake （7 段 4 行）；15. be afraid to do（7段 5 行）;16. be willing to do（7 段 6 行）;17. be interested in sth（8段 2 行）；18. in order to （8 段 4 行）；19.communicate with sb （8 段 4 行）；20. on the o

33、ther hand （9 段 3行）；21. might do well to do sth（9 段 4 行）B. Some important words：1. successful;2. disagree; 3.statement; 4. guarantee; 5. intelligent; 6.conversely; 7. similar;8. independent; 9.conclusion; 10. communicate; communication; 11. purpose, purposefully;12. regularly; 13. technique; 14.outli

34、ne.C. Key to part exercises： （from page 8 to 12） 一、課文練習(xí)：I d, a, c, d, d;II. 1. task; 2. intelligent; 3.tudy; 4. clue; 5.conclusion; 6.repeat; munication; 8. purpose; 9. probably; 10. outlineHI. 1. Instead of; 2. therefore; 3. more*than; 4. even; 5. first of all; 6. because; 7. on the other hand; 8.

35、finally; 9. looking for; 10.conversely N.I.見課文：2. Language learning is active learning. Learners should take advantage of every chance to use the language.3. Language learning should be active, independent and purposeful.4. 見一講作業(yè)。5. The teachers often pass on their successful experience in language

36、learning to us.二、詞匯練習(xí)：I.L 2.4.見一講詞匯講解部分：3. cover: v 覆蓋：uncover: v揭開，為cover的 反義詞；discover： v 發(fā)現(xiàn)，同義詞:find,習(xí)題答案為：covered; uncover; discovered II. 1. inexact; 2. technique; 3. outlined; 4. communicate; 5. regularly; 6. clue;7. intelligent; 8. incomplter; 9. similar; 10. statementIII. 1. disagree; 2. ind

37、ependent; 3. incomplete; 4. inexact; 5. uncover/discoverIV. 1, 3, 4,見一講作業(yè) 3, 4, 5 題0 2 見課文 5. We should learn something new independently, actively and purposefully.11. Text B：要求作一般了解，屬閱讀理解課文，對(duì)于textB的文章來說，雖然較A篇稍長， 但難度稍低，檢測閱讀結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是能夠獨(dú)立地完成課后的習(xí)題。A. Some new words：1. instance： a single fact, event, exam

38、ple.例子、實(shí)例， 常用短語for instancet例如。2. waiter： a person who serves food at the tables in a restaurant(男性), waitress女服務(wù)員、女招待3. traveler： a person who goes from place to place, esp. to a far away place travel： v 旅游4. primitive： adj 原始的：of the earliest times of life or of man5. exact 反義詞 inexact6. consist;

39、v 短語：consist of 組成e.g. My class consists of 20 students.7< simply： adv, simple adj 簡單的B. Some language points：1. not only，but also不但而且，并列連詞。(連接兩個(gè)并列成分)e. g. (1) I hope to be not 0nly your teacher, but also your good friend.(2) ，we can do it not 0nly with the help of words, but also in many other w

40、ays.2. neithernor：既不也不，并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。e. g. (1) Autumn is a good season. It' s neither hot nor cold.(2) people who can neither hear nor speak talk to each other with the help of their fingers.3. He entered a restaurant and sat at a table.(坐在桌旁)4. in this way：介詞短語，用這種方法e. g. I learn English by mys

41、elf. In this way, I have finally got the diploma of English major.5. The Englishman who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty looked very sad.a.本句包含有彳、定語從句，who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty 修飾先行詞The Englishman0b.短語：by this time到此時(shí)為止:not at all根本不6. Words consist o

42、f sounds, but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words.譯：語言是由聲音組成的，但具有一定意義的聲音并不都是話語。短語：consist of,句子結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)定語從句。Key to the part exercises:page 16: T, F, T, F, T, F, F, F, T, F.Unit 2Text A: Taxes, Taxes, and More TaxesMain idea about the text: we know that the taxes in the U

43、nited States are the highest in the world. Almost everyone need pay taxes on many things. There are three levels of government in the United States, so there are three types of taxes; they are for the federal government, state government, and city government. Even some Americans think that they are

44、working one day each week just to pay their taxes.A. New words:1. tax: n稅；vt對(duì)征稅a. Every citizen has the right to pay tax to our country.b. My income is taxed at source.(我的收入已扣除了所得稅)2. generally： adv 一般地、通常，同義詞：usually,常用語：generally speaking, general adj3. type： n類型、種類；v打字a. What type of tea do you p

45、refer? Green tea.b. She typed the letter quickly and well.4. salary： n 工資，salaried： adj 拿工資的5. earn： v掙錢、賺錢，earnings n賺得的錢6. percentage: n百分比、百分率；percent n前用數(shù)詞(*)a. More than ten percent of the students didn* t come today.b. A large percentage of schoolbooks now have pictures.c. I am a hundred perce

46、nt sure that he will come.7. vary： v變化、改變；varied adj有變化的、多樣的(*)a. Holiday jobs are many and varied.b. people vary very much in their ideas of many things.(注意詞 in 的J書法)c. prices of fruit vary from season to season.8. sale： n 出售，sell v 出售9. charge: v收費(fèi)、控告a. How much do you charge for repairing my shoe

47、s?b. He was charged with the guilty of murder.10. addition： n加法、附加物；add v增加；additional adj額外的、增加的(*) a. She always adds sugar to her tea.b. He earned 1000 dollars in addition to his salary.c. We will need additional help to do the work.IL confuse： v 使混亂、混淆；confused, confusing adj; confusion n (*)a.

48、If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get confused.b. This is a confusing word because it has two meanings.c. Do you think this will cause much confusion?d. They confused me by asking so many questions.11. complain： v 抱怨，常跟介詞 of, about. complaint： n 抱怨、投訴(*)a. Students always compla

49、in about too much homework.b. She complained that the exam was too hard.c. He used to complain bitterly of his bad memory.(訴說有病)d. There is no reason for complaint.12. useless： adj 無用的，反義詞 useful; careful->careless; helpfulhelpless; hopeful-*hopeless etc.13. impractical： adj 不切實(shí)際的，反義詞 practical;

50、practice v 實(shí)踐、實(shí)際14. program: n計(jì)劃、節(jié)目、程序；v編程序15. tend： v易于、傾向于，tendency n趨勢、傾向a. people tend to get fat as they grow older.b. prices continue to show an upward tendency.(物價(jià)呈持續(xù)上升趨勢。)B. Intensive reading：1. Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life： death and tax

51、es. (*)譯：美國人常說，一個(gè)人一生中只有兩件事可以肯定會(huì)發(fā)生：死亡和納稅。分析：主語：Americans；謂語：say： that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，還包含有一個(gè)省略了 關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的定語從句，a person can be sure in life修飾two things.當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，?？墒÷浴. g. 1>. The watch that/which/省略 I found in the 1ibrary is his. (why?)2>. The girl who/whom/that/省略 you met at the party is my sister.

52、請(qǐng)?jiān)囍g句子：1你一直在找的那個(gè)人來了。2昨天我媽給我的錢已經(jīng)被偷走了。Answer：1. The man who/whom/that/省略you have been looking for has come.2. The money that/which/省略 my mother gave me yesterday was stolen.短語；be sure of：對(duì)確信、確定e. g. We can be sure of his honesty.2. Americans don' t have a corner on the death market, but many peop

53、le feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes. (*)譯：美國人并不壟斷“死亡”市場，但很多人感到美國卻以最重的賦稅在世界上名列前 茅。短語:have a corner on something:壟斷；lead with 因領(lǐng)先e. g. China leads the world with her silk products.3. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal ta

54、xes are due.譯：由于高額的款，每年4月15日人們很不開心，因?yàn)檫@一天是上繳聯(lián)邦稅款的日 子。分析:With the high cost of taxes,介詞短語作原因狀語,with = because of,由于,when the federal taxes are due 是非限定性定語從句，修飾 on April 15o When 叫 關(guān)系副詞。Where, when, why是定語從句中的三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，分別在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí) 間狀語、原因狀語。a. This is the house where I was born.(where = in which)b. I&#

55、39; 11 never forget the day when I entered the college, (when = on which)c. please tell me the reason why you are always late for my class, (why = for which)另外，若定語從句和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)分開稱為非限定性定語從句。它對(duì)先行詞只是進(jìn) 一步補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后不會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的基本語意，譯成漢語時(shí)一般單獨(dú)翻譯。4. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal gov

56、ernment. ()譯：有些洲有與聯(lián)邦政府類似的個(gè)人所得稅。分析：代詞that指an income tax,英文中兩個(gè)進(jìn)行比較的事物必須是平等的，如在 口語中我們可說“北京的天氣比廣州干燥”，但譯為英語不能寫成：The weather in Beijing is drier than Guangzhou, (x)城市不能和天氣進(jìn)行比較,要改為：The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Guangzhou. (J)5. other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to

57、any item which you buy in that state. ()譯：其他洲征收銷售稅，對(duì)你在該洲所買的任何商品征收一定比例的稅。分析：包含有兩個(gè)定語從句，which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state是非限定定語從句，修飾a sales tax。其中還含有另一個(gè)限定定語從 which you buy in that state 修飾先行詞 any item. charged to表示 “向,一征收''charged 過去分詞作定語修飾a percentage.6. Som

58、e states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues. ()譯：有些洲除了征收銷售稅，還征收個(gè)人所得稅來增加稅收。短語：in addition to除還有（+）e. g. We need fat and protein in addition to vitamin in our diet, raise their revenue:增加稅收.7. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and imp