計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)第一章

1、 In order to use computers effectively to solve problems in our environment, computer systems are devised. A system implies a good mixture of integrated parts working together to form a useful whole. Computer systems may be discussed in two parts that include both hardware and software. in order to為

2、了 effectivelyadv.有效地 solvevt.解決 environmentn.環(huán)境，外界 devise vt.設(shè)計(jì)，作出（計(jì)劃）；n.遺贈(zèng) imply vt.暗示，意味 mixture n.混合，混合物 integrate vt.使成整體；v.結(jié)合 form n.形式，外形；v.形成，構(gòu)成 be discussed in 被分為 include vt.包含，包括 bothand 不但而且； 既又 The physical components of a computerthe processor, memory, input devices, and output devicesa

3、re its hardware. You can see them, touch them, and feel them. physical components物理元件 Software is a general term for programs. Software, in contrast, can not be seen, touched, or felt. It is a series of instructions that guides a computer through some process. Computer software can be divided into t

4、wo very broad categoriessystems software and applications software. term n.學(xué)期，術(shù)語(yǔ) in contrast 相反，大不相同 a series of 一連串的 instruction n.指示，指令 guide n.向?qū)?；vt.帶領(lǐng)；vi.任向?qū)?process n.過(guò)程，步驟；vt.加工，處理 be divided into 被分成 broad adj.寬的；adv.寬闊地；n.寬闊部分 categories n.種類(lèi)，別 The former is often simply referred to as syste

5、ms. These, when brought into internal memory, direct the computer to perform tasks. refer to 談及，提到，涉及 bring into 使開(kāi)始 direct adj.直接的；adv.直接地；v.指引 perform vt.執(zhí)行，表演；v.完成任務(wù) task n.任務(wù)，作業(yè)；v.分派任務(wù) The latter may be provided along with the hardware by a systems supplier as part of a computer product designed

6、 to answer a specific need in certain areas. Application programs also allow you to perform such tasks as solving statistical problems, keeping your companys books or playing a computer game. provide v.供應(yīng)，準(zhǔn)備 along with 連同一起 supplier 供應(yīng)者，廠(chǎng)商 answer n.答案；v.響應(yīng)，符合 specific n.細(xì)節(jié)；adj.特殊的，明確的 certain adj.確定

7、的，某一個(gè)；pron.某些 areas n.區(qū)域，范圍 allow vt.允許，承認(rèn) statistical adj.統(tǒng)計(jì)的，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的 Well, how a computer works? Lets use the system pictured in Fig.1.1 to illustrate how a typical computer works. DisplayKeyboardProcessorMain memoryResultsDataProgram解釋,說(shuō)明典型的 A computer is controlled by a stored program; thus, the fi

8、rst step in using the machine is copying the program from diskette into memory. Now, the processor can begin executing instructions. Input data from the keyboard are stored in memory. The processor manipulates the data, storing the results back into memory. Finally, the results are output. thus adv.

9、因而，從而 step n.腳步, 步驟, 措施, 臺(tái)階；v.走, 舉步 frominto 從到 diskette n.磁盤(pán) execute 執(zhí)行，完成 keyboard 鍵盤(pán) manipulate vt.操作，處理Translate the following into English.硬件軟件數(shù)據(jù)電子脈沖系統(tǒng)軟件應(yīng)用軟件圖表操縱桿算法瞬間的 1.Saying is easy. Doing is difficult. 說(shuō)起來(lái)容易，做起來(lái)難。2.Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。3.Speaking in public is a challenge to a lot of pe

10、ople. 對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，公眾演講一大挑戰(zhàn)。 4.Losing someone you love is a painful experience. 失去你深?lèi)?ài)的人是非常痛苦的遭遇。 。5.Lying is a bad habit. 說(shuō)謊是一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。6.Getting daily exercise is important. 每天鍛煉很重要。7.Parking is prohibited here. 此地禁止停車(chē)。8.Raising children is a big responsibility. 養(yǎng)育孩子是一項(xiàng)重大責(zé)任。9.Walking in the rain is romantic.

11、雨中漫步很浪漫。 Calculating Device Hands The abacus Computer 算盤(pán)計(jì)算 A computer is a fast and efficient digital information processing system. It can accept, store, and process data and produce output results. Its one of the greatest inventions in science and technology in the 20th century. It has had a long

12、and deep social impact on human life and production. 影響 Several computer generations occur in the history. The first digital computer ENIAC was invented in 1946. It marked the beginning of the first computer phasemainframe phase. In fact, mainframes have had four generations of products, which are c

13、haracterized by vacuum tubes, transistors, small and medium scale IC and super LSI circuits respectively. occur vi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn) mark n.標(biāo)志；v.做標(biāo)記 phase/stage 階段 vacuum tubes 真空管 transistor 晶體管 small and medium scale IC 中小規(guī)模集成電路 super LSI circuits 超大規(guī)模集成電路 respectively adv.分別的，各自地 First-generation computers c

14、ame out in 1950 The concepts of stored programs, random access. They made a basic model of modern electronic computers. Second-generation computers In 1960, the second generation of computers was developed and these could perform work ten times faster than their predecessors. The reason for this ext

15、ra speed was the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The transistor meant more powerful, more reliable, and less expensive computers that would occupy less space and give off less heat than did vacuum-tube-powered computers. ten times faster than 倍數(shù)表示法倍數(shù)表示法 a主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)（分?jǐn)?shù)）倍數(shù)（分?jǐn)?shù)）+ 形容詞（副詞）形容

16、詞（副詞）比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+ than. b主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+ as + adj. + as c主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)（分?jǐn)?shù)）倍數(shù)（分?jǐn)?shù)）+ the size (amount，length.) of. d還可以用還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍 predecessor n.前輩，前任 instead of 代替 powerful adj.強(qiáng)大的，有力的 reliable adj.可靠的，可信賴(lài)的 occupy vt.占，占用 give off 發(fā)出 In addition, the second-generation computers we

17、re given auxiliary storage, sometimes called external or secondary storage. Data were stored outside the computer on either magnetic tapes or magnetic disks. Using magnetic tapes or magnetic disks for input and output operations increased the speed of the computer. in addition 另外 auxiliary storage 輔

18、助存儲(chǔ)器 external adj.外部的；n.外部 magnetic tapes 磁帶 magnetic disks 磁盤(pán) increase n.增加，增長(zhǎng)；vt.&vi.增加 Third-generation computers Appeared on market in 1965 These computers could do a million calculations a second, which is 1000 times as many as first-generation computers. concurrently 并行地 Fourth-generation

19、computers From 1971 to the present 1. A computer processes into . a. information/data c. facts/data b. data/information d. information/facts 2. The fourth generation of computers . a. use transistors b. use LSI-transistors c. are characterized by significant technological breakthroughs in artificial

20、 intelligence d. use vacuum tubesbc 3. The third-generation computers appeared on market in . a. 1963 b. 1965 c. 1967 d. 1969 4. There are computer generations occur in the history. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 5. The basic building block of a modern computer is a . a. chip b. transistor c. tube d. switchbca

21、To go to heaven Sunday school teacher: hands up, all those who want to go to heaven what about you, Terry? You havent got your hand up, dont you want to go to heaven? Terry: I cant. My mum told me to go straight home. A computer is a machine whose function is to accept data and process them into inf

22、ormation. A digital computer system is mainly composed of four parts: the Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, input device and output device. function n.功能；vi.運(yùn)行 accept vi.同意；vt.接受，認(rèn)可 process n.過(guò)程，步驟；vt.加工，處理 mainly adv.大體上，主要地 compose v.組成 Input device The keyboard,mouse, touch screen, light pen

23、, bar codes which are widely used by supermarkets, microphone for voice input, and so on. Output device the display screen Output devices also play important roles in a computer system. They can tell the processing results and warn users where their programs or operations are wrong. But the image displayed on a screen is temporary; a more permanent copy of the output can be obtained by sending it to a printer. The most common printers are impact printer, inkjet printer and laser printer. play important role 扮演重要角色 warn vt.警告，注意 Temporary adj.暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的 Permanent adj.永久的 obtain vt.獲得，得到