課題八繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制線路

1、課題八課題八 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制線路繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制線路YR系列系列 符號(hào)符號(hào) 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)，可以通過(guò)滑環(huán)在繞線轉(zhuǎn)子三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)，可以通過(guò)滑環(huán)在轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中串接電阻來(lái)改善電動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械特性，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中串接電阻來(lái)改善電動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械特性，從而達(dá)到減小啟動(dòng)電流、增大啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩以及調(diào)節(jié)從而達(dá)到減小啟動(dòng)電流、增大啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩以及調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速的目的。轉(zhuǎn)速的目的。一、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接電阻啟動(dòng)控制線路 1.轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相電阻啟動(dòng)原理轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相電阻啟動(dòng)原理 啟動(dòng)時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)子回路串入作啟動(dòng)時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)子回路串入作Y形連接、分級(jí)切換形連接、分級(jí)切換的三相啟動(dòng)電阻器，以減小啟動(dòng)電流、增加啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩。的三相啟動(dòng)電阻器，以

2、減小啟動(dòng)電流、增加啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩。隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的升高，逐級(jí)減小可變電阻。啟動(dòng)完隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的升高，逐級(jí)減小可變電阻。啟動(dòng)完畢后，切除可變電阻器，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組被直接短接，電動(dòng)畢后，切除可變電阻器，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組被直接短接，電動(dòng)機(jī)便在額定狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行。機(jī)便在額定狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行。轉(zhuǎn)子串接轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相對(duì)稱三相對(duì)稱電阻器電阻器 轉(zhuǎn)子串接轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相不對(duì)三相不對(duì)稱電阻器稱電阻器2.按鈕操作控制線路按鈕操作控制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1M33FU2KHSB5QSSB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM R1R2R3KHSB2SB3SB4電路組成分析電路組成分析KML1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2

3、KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4合上合上QS按下按下SB1繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng)全部電阻啟動(dòng)FU1FU2QSM3KHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB2KM1線圈得電線圈得電KM1觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R2,R3啟動(dòng)啟動(dòng)FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB3KM2線圈得電線圈得電K

4、M2觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R3啟動(dòng)啟動(dòng)FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB4KM3線圈得電線圈得電KM3觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除全部電阻運(yùn)行全部電阻運(yùn)行FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMSB2SB3SB4松開(kāi)松開(kāi)SB4電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)行行R1R2R3FU1FU2QSKHKH3.時(shí)間繼電器自動(dòng)控制線路時(shí)間繼電器自動(dòng)控制線路 L1L2L3FU1KM

5、1M3 3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KM2KM3KMKMKT3KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1KMR1KT1KT2KT3R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KH電路組成分析電路組成分析L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞

6、線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng)全部電阻啟動(dòng)KT1線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT1延時(shí)閉合延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合觸頭閉合KM1線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM1觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R2,R3啟動(dòng)啟動(dòng)KT2線圈得

7、電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT2延時(shí)閉合延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM2觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R3啟動(dòng)啟動(dòng)KT3線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2K

8、HQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT3延時(shí)閉合延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合觸頭閉合KM3線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除全部電阻運(yùn)行全部電阻運(yùn)行KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1

9、KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3動(dòng)斷觸頭斷開(kāi)動(dòng)斷觸頭斷開(kāi)KT1線圈失電線圈失電KT1觸頭斷開(kāi)觸頭斷開(kāi)KM1線圈失電線圈失電KM1觸頭斷開(kāi)觸頭斷開(kāi)KT2線圈失電線圈失電KT2觸頭斷開(kāi)觸頭斷開(kāi)電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH4.電流繼電器自動(dòng)控制電路電流繼電器自動(dòng)控制電路L1L2L3FU1M3 3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KHKA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3電路組成分析電路組成分析L1L2L3FU1M3

10、 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM線圈得電線圈得電FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KM觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng)全部電阻啟動(dòng)K線圈得電線圈得電FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2

11、KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KA動(dòng)合觸頭動(dòng)合觸頭閉合閉合因啟動(dòng)電流因啟動(dòng)電流大大,KA1,KA2.KA3的動(dòng)斷觸的動(dòng)斷觸頭斷開(kāi)頭斷開(kāi),繼續(xù)串繼續(xù)串聯(lián)全部電阻啟聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng)動(dòng)FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度加快，因速度加快，電流減小，電流減小， KA1欠電流欠電流,動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合KM1線圈得電線圈得電KM1觸頭閉合觸頭閉合串聯(lián)串聯(lián)R2,R3繼繼續(xù)啟動(dòng)續(xù)啟動(dòng)FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMK

12、A1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快因速度再加快電流繼續(xù)減小電流繼續(xù)減小 KA2欠電流欠電流, 動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電線圈得電KM2觸頭閉合觸頭閉合串聯(lián)串聯(lián)R3繼續(xù)啟繼續(xù)啟動(dòng)動(dòng)FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快因速度再加快電流繼續(xù)減小電流繼續(xù)減小 KA3欠電流欠電流, 動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合KM3線圈得電線圈得電KM3觸頭閉合觸

13、頭閉合切除全部電阻切除全部電阻全速運(yùn)行全速運(yùn)行FU2KHQSKH二、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串聯(lián)頻敏變阻器啟動(dòng)控制線路頻敏變阻器是一種阻抗值隨頻率明顯變化、靜頻敏變阻器是一種阻抗值隨頻率明顯變化、靜止的無(wú)觸點(diǎn)電磁元件。它實(shí)質(zhì)上是一個(gè)鐵心損耗非止的無(wú)觸點(diǎn)電磁元件。它實(shí)質(zhì)上是一個(gè)鐵心損耗非常大的三相電抗器。在電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)時(shí)，將頻敏變阻常大的三相電抗器。在電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)時(shí)，將頻敏變阻器串接在轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中，啟動(dòng)完畢短接切除頻敏變阻器串接在轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中，啟動(dòng)完畢短接切除頻敏變阻器。器。L1L2L3FU1FU2QSKM1KM1KM2RFKTKM2M3 KM1KHSB2SB1KTKM2KM2KM23電路組成分析電路組成分析KHL1L

14、2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM1線圈得電線圈得電KT線圈得電線圈得電KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KM1觸頭閉合觸頭閉合電動(dòng)機(jī)串聯(lián)頻電動(dòng)機(jī)串聯(lián)頻敏電阻啟動(dòng)敏電阻啟動(dòng)KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT延時(shí)閉合觸延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合頭閉合KM2線圈得電線圈得電KM2觸頭閉合觸頭閉合切除頻敏電阻切除頻敏電阻電動(dòng)機(jī)全速運(yùn)電動(dòng)機(jī)全速運(yùn)行行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QS

15、KHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT線圈失電線圈失電KT延時(shí)閉合觸延時(shí)閉合觸頭復(fù)位頭復(fù)位電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)全電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)全速運(yùn)行速運(yùn)行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKH三、凸輪控制器控制線路中、小容量繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)、調(diào)速中、小容量繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)、調(diào)速及正反轉(zhuǎn)控制，常常采用凸輪控制器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，以簡(jiǎn)及正反轉(zhuǎn)控制，常常采用凸輪控制器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，以簡(jiǎn)化操作，如橋式起重機(jī)上大部分采用這種控制線路。化操作，如橋式起重機(jī)上大部分采用這種控制線路。L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA

16、4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3電路組成分析電路組成分析KMKM正轉(zhuǎn)L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上合上QS,按下按下SB1KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8A

17、C9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3KM觸頭閉合觸頭閉合KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手

18、輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正”位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC1

19、0SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正” 位置位置KMKM反轉(zhuǎn)L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7A