完形填空解題技巧(課堂PPT)

1、1 完完 形形 填填 空空 20172017高考專題復(fù)習(xí)之高考專題復(fù)習(xí)之完形填空完形填空 鶴壁高中 陳致玲2 【考綱要求與說明考綱要求與說明】 完形填空全面考查學(xué)生在閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)之完形填空全面考查學(xué)生在閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)之上運(yùn)用詞匯和語法的能力和水平。上運(yùn)用詞匯和語法的能力和水平。 解題過程要求考生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容，解題過程要求考生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容，區(qū)分結(jié)構(gòu)的層次和內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系，對語篇中區(qū)分結(jié)構(gòu)的層次和內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系，對語篇中的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜測、推斷、驗(yàn)證的過程，通的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜測、推斷、驗(yàn)證的過程，通常我們可以常我們可以借助語篇的上下文線索以及文化背借助語篇的上下文線索以及文化背景知識(shí)景知

2、識(shí)等進(jìn)行解題。閱讀過程中多注意體會(huì)等進(jìn)行解題。閱讀過程中多注意體會(huì)作作者的寫作意圖者的寫作意圖，加強(qiáng)分析推理能力。，加強(qiáng)分析推理能力。31. 以敘為主以敘為主, 敘議結(jié)合敘議結(jié)合;2. 篇章短小篇章短小, 意義完整意義完整;3. 首句完整首句完整, 主題明確主題明確;4. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰結(jié)構(gòu)清晰, 層次分明層次分明;5. 考查語境考查語境, 側(cè)重辨析側(cè)重辨析;6. 實(shí)詞為主實(shí)詞為主, 虛詞為輔虛詞為輔;7. 邏輯推理邏輯推理, 隱于語篇隱于語篇;8. 常識(shí)語法常識(shí)語法, 經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)?！靖呖纪晷兔}特點(diǎn)高考完型命題特點(diǎn)】42017 記敘文記敘文2016 記敘文記敘文2015 記敘文記敘文（夾敘夾

3、議）（夾敘夾議） 奉獻(xiàn)愛心，助人為樂。（贈(zèng)人玫瑰，手留余香）【近三年全國卷體裁題材特點(diǎn)近三年全國卷體裁題材特點(diǎn)】5【考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)分布】6 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義、近義復(fù)現(xiàn)同義、近義復(fù)現(xiàn) 并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 讓步關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系 解釋關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系語法項(xiàng)目語法項(xiàng)目較少考查較少考查 順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系詞匯手段詞匯手段語法手段語法手段 邏輯手段邏輯手段語篇信息語篇信息（語境理解）（語境理解）考查內(nèi)容考查內(nèi)容 7備戰(zhàn)完形填空能力必備一、快速閱讀能力二、詞匯辨析能力三、詞匯搭配的理解能力四、邏輯推斷能力五、運(yùn)用常識(shí)能力六、揣測作者意圖的能力8技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥1. 注意注意上下文語

4、境上下文語境（context) 詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、同現(xiàn)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、同現(xiàn)2.運(yùn)用運(yùn)用詞義辨析詞義辨析 （comparison）3.掌握掌握習(xí)慣搭配習(xí)慣搭配（phrases & idioms）4.掌握掌握熟詞生義熟詞生義 （new meanings）4.了解了解背景常識(shí)背景常識(shí)（common sense）5. 運(yùn)用運(yùn)用語法分析語法分析（grammar analysis)9 101、跳讀、跳讀領(lǐng)會(huì)大意（領(lǐng)會(huì)大意（23分鐘分鐘） 速讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方，仍要快速讀下去。通過通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫作風(fēng)格等等。完形填空解題三部曲完

5、形填空解題三部曲:跳讀跳讀-試填試填-復(fù)核復(fù)核 11。 2. 試填試填-瞻前顧后瞻前顧后 上下求索上下求索(8-10分鐘分鐘) 先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語法，常識(shí)等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。123 復(fù)核復(fù)核-全面檢查，確保語意連貫全面檢查，確保語意連貫(2-3分鐘分鐘) 試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍 ，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。13詞匯題詞匯題14詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)詞語復(fù)現(xiàn) 詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一個(gè)詞以原詞或同義詞等方詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一個(gè)詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在

6、同一篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。語篇中的句子通過復(fù)現(xiàn)式在同一篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。語篇中的句子通過復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系達(dá)到相互銜接的目的，詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)又可分為原關(guān)系達(dá)到相互銜接的目的，詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)又可分為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（又叫同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（又叫同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）、同義或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（包括與近義詞的同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，如或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（包括與近義詞的同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，如ill與與sickness）、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（即總括與分述，）、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（即總括與分述，如如food是是bread、milk、rice等的上義詞；等的上義詞；r是是flower 的下義詞）等。的下義詞）等。151.( 2017全國卷全國卷I) While high

7、school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. After that, feeling the need to_52_ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 原詞原詞,同根詞重現(xiàn)同根詞重現(xiàn).16 2. ( 2015全國卷全國卷

8、I) Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a _47_. I thought about it. We were _48(low)_ on cash ourselves, but When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54(whatever)_ his family might need, he burst into tears.47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card the gift card原詞重現(xiàn)原詞重現(xiàn)17

9、3.(廣東卷)there are many ways to prevent this from happening:hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothers were just two of the recommended _27_.A. cases B.tools C.steps D.methods解析解析:methods與前文中的與前文中的ways同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)184. (2017全國卷全國卷II) I had advised

10、 the kids that while verbs may be dull, most of the _50_things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. 50.A.simple B.unique C.fun D.clever 解析解析:fun與與 dull為反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)為反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)195.(2011四川卷四川卷)We fell in love. In the beginning , I didnt want to discuss _, because the sadness of losing Mum still felt grea

11、t. Paul understood that and never pushed me but, by summer, we got married.A.travel B.business C.children D.marriage解析：解析：marriage與文中的與文中的 married 屬同根屬同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。206.(湖北卷)he taught her how to rely on her other _,specially her hearing.A.feeling B.organs C.skills D.senses解析解析:senses為為hearing的上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)的上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

12、217.7.I did very badly at school. My headteacher thought I was _ and when I was 14 he said , “You are never going to be anything but a failure.”A.bright B.useless C.simple D.hopefulB利用首句信息利用首句信息228.The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back door, students who were getting

13、 off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on _.A. sooner B.later C.faster D.earlierB 詞語同現(xiàn)。詞語同現(xiàn)。詞語同現(xiàn)：詞語同現(xiàn)：某些語義相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語在語篇中共同出現(xiàn)的性，叫詞語同現(xiàn)，也有人稱之為“詞場”。同現(xiàn)詞之間有反義或相對關(guān)系，或者同類互補(bǔ)關(guān)系等。如：different vs same, cruel vs friendly, death&destruction239.These tell the story of a mothe

14、r whose baby grows and pale A. sick B. slim C. short D. smallA解析：與解析：與pale 同現(xiàn)的單詞，應(yīng)該是同現(xiàn)的單詞，應(yīng)該是sick。2410.On_ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy解析解析:與與heavy clothes 和和 woolen gloves 同現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)的應(yīng)該是的應(yīng)該是snowy days。D 252.詞義辨析詞義辨析261.( 2017全國卷全國卷I) I watched

15、 as the ASL Club _47_their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very _48_of communicating without speaking_49_ me.47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted解析：根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞watch可知，

16、作者看到美式手語社團(tuán)的成員表演(perform) 。record 記錄; recite背誦; discuss討論.48 題和49題手部動(dòng)作和無須用語言交流的想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。272. I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. 1. A. helpless B. lazy C.

17、anxious D. tired 解析：解析：在把握上文在把握上文“我提著衣箱緩慢地上樓梯我提著衣箱緩慢地上樓梯”的情況下，可知答案為的情況下，可知答案為D. tired，即當(dāng)我到達(dá)三樓，即當(dāng)我到達(dá)三樓時(shí)，已經(jīng)很累了；時(shí)，已經(jīng)很累了；283.( 2017全國卷全國卷II) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day 27kids_ “The Thinking Laboratory.A. built B. entered C. decorated D.ran解析：根據(jù)上文一句，作者在一所小學(xué)教學(xué)，孩子門當(dāng)然是每天進(jìn)入（enter）思想實(shí)

18、驗(yàn)室了。built 建造; decorate 裝飾； run跑步，經(jīng)營294.(2014全國卷全國卷I）My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 (challenges) , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome. 54. A. forgotten B. repeated C. conducte

19、d D. finished語境語境-詞義辨析詞義辨析30311. (2013 江西江西) “You shouldnt swim that day, ” the man 45 (advised ) . “There is a storm coming up.”“You should mind your own 46 !” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves.46.A. business B. Swimsuit C. friends D. parentsMind your own business! 不要多管閑事！不要多管閑事！322. (

20、2014全國全國I) For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. 43. A. workingB. livingC. playing D. going語境語境-固定搭配固定搭配play with(toys)33 3.(2012全國新課標(biāo)) Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36 than words 36. A. straighter B. l

21、ouder C. harder D. furtherAction speaks louder than words. 習(xí)語諺語習(xí)語諺語:事實(shí)勝于雄辯事實(shí)勝于雄辯34351.One afternoon，the headmaster called my friend to discuss one essay with him in a lively spirit. “I was interested in this 48 you make here. I think you might have gone further. Tell me what you had in your mind.” A

22、.aim B. goal C. point D. opinionpoint 觀點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)362.He came back to me like a man who had had a very narrow 54 and I made up my mind to make every effort to study my translations.A.surprise B.escape C.hope D.chancenarrow adj.勉強(qiáng)的，好不容易的a narrow victory 險(xiǎn)勝 373. Scott and his companions were terribly di

23、sappointed. When they got to the South Pole, they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had beaten them in the race to be the first ever to reach it. After 37 the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. lay

24、ingplant vt. 立穩(wěn)，豎立，安放立穩(wěn)，豎立，安放384.Today I decided to look up the word “hero” in the dictionary to see exactly what it meant. It_ “a person who does something brave”. As I read on, it also said “a person who is good and noble” A.wrote B.told C.described D.readread vt.(指示牌等指示牌等)寫著，（儀器等）顯示寫著，（儀器等）顯示395.

25、He then returned to his office, satisfied that if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good 31 ! He sat down with a smile.His wife 32 those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married A.description B.preparation C.exc

26、use D.lectureA.tored B.saved C.developed D.destroyedlecture n. 教訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)斥教訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)斥 save v. 保留，保存保留，保存4041 1.（2013全國卷I） As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42（locked） . 41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight 生活常識(shí)生活常識(shí)常識(shí)、背景知識(shí)常識(shí)、背景知識(shí)2. Born in America , I spoke Engli

27、sh not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three , my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pushed them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custom B. games C .characters D. language 423： It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, hea

28、ding towards their 1 . This was the beginning of another 2 day in New York City.1. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary解析：按生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，人們起床后，各自奔向自己的工作崗解析：按生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，人們起床后，各自奔向自己的工作崗位。而這種情況是天天發(fā)生，是平平常常的，因此位。而這種情況是天天發(fā)生，是平平常常的，因此2題答題答案是案是D. ordinary。A. jobs D. ordinary434. Wh

29、en I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious_13(burn)_ after a bowl of hot oil fell on my head. I was _14_ to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors _15_for my life.14.A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced15.A. learned B. fought C. returned D.decided解析：根據(jù)背景常識(shí)，在孩子受傷后，肯定會(huì)被快速送往醫(yī)院

30、。rush 急忙地送（。到某地）。急診病人被送醫(yī)院后，醫(yī)生定會(huì)竭盡全力搶救。fight 為而戰(zhàn)，為而努力爭取。441.1.語法手段語法手段2.2.邏輯手段邏輯手段句際關(guān)系句際關(guān)系1.1.語法手段語法手段45（2015全國卷全國卷I） When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54_ his family might need, he burst into tears. 54A. whoeverB. whatever C. whicheverD. whenever語法語法-連接代詞連接代詞46 邏輯手段邏輯手段2.2

31、.邏輯手段邏輯手段讓步關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系47識(shí)別語篇標(biāo)志識(shí)別語篇標(biāo)志,理清邏輯關(guān)系理清邏輯關(guān)系語篇關(guān)系是指句群語篇關(guān)系是指句群,段落段落,篇章之間的關(guān)系篇章之間的關(guān)系。聯(lián)系聯(lián)系他們之間的詞語被稱為語篇標(biāo)志詞他們之間的詞語被稱為語篇標(biāo)志詞。常見的語篇標(biāo)志性的詞語有以下幾種:順序關(guān)系:firstly,secondly,thirdly等;因果關(guān)系:thus,therefore,so等;遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:besides,whats more,further等;轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but,while,yet,however等 做完型時(shí),如果能充分利

32、用這些標(biāo)志性詞語,就能迅速理請文章的脈絡(luò),弄清上下文關(guān)系。481. (2017全國卷I) Yet instead of being discouraged by my _progress, I excited.A. slow B.stead C.normal D.obvious轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系49 2. Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37(special) . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 38. A. h

33、elp B. peace C. smile D. praise轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系503.（2013全國卷全國卷I） My hands started to ache as I 51 (turned) the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 (direction) of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 53 task.53. A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系 51 4.(2014全國卷I) The world is

34、 full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones 47 （passing） interest. 46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collectedD. half-filled 同類并列關(guān)系同類并列關(guān)系52 5. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen

35、52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系53 失分原因失分原因: : know whyknow why出錯(cuò)主要原因有兩類：一是：基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)不牢，詞匯障礙嚴(yán)重。二是文章整體閱讀能力低。因此完形填空的訓(xùn)練重在落實(shí)，體現(xiàn)在：全篇主要意思是否明白；重要?jiǎng)釉~（或短語）是否會(huì)用；中西文化背景是否清楚；語境中詞語篩選是否合理；是否根據(jù)常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理；慣用法及搭配是否恰當(dāng)；是否糾正了平時(shí)的習(xí)慣錯(cuò)誤。54如何提高能力技巧如何提高能力技巧一、提高閱

36、讀能力（速度、理解）二、打好語法基礎(chǔ) （固定搭配）三、擴(kuò)充詞匯量（動(dòng)詞、名詞）四、增長生活常識(shí)，培養(yǎng)廣泛的興趣愛好五、多做多練，以提高實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力55復(fù)習(xí)備考復(fù)習(xí)備考首先要熟練地掌握學(xué)過的全部語法知識(shí)，牢首先要熟練地掌握學(xué)過的全部語法知識(shí)，牢記習(xí)慣用法。記習(xí)慣用法。特別是動(dòng)詞短語；注意對動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容特別是動(dòng)詞短語；注意對動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等詞匯意義的真正理解，要懂得詞詞、副詞等詞匯意義的真正理解，要懂得詞匯的內(nèi)涵、外延、褒貶及一定的修辭色彩。匯的內(nèi)涵、外延、褒貶及一定的修辭色彩。注意它們的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞及其辨注意它們的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞及其辨析。析。其次要有計(jì)劃地多做一些完形

37、填空的練習(xí)，其次要有計(jì)劃地多做一些完形填空的練習(xí)，多閱讀一些短文，增強(qiáng)英文閱讀能力，提高多閱讀一些短文，增強(qiáng)英文閱讀能力，提高理解能力理解能力56 【真題演練真題演練 】新課標(biāo)新課標(biāo)20152015全國卷全國卷I I解題三部曲：讀解題三部曲：讀-填填-讀讀57 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed.” At this

38、store, a 42 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind.In the store, I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would 46. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. 41. A. Quit B. C

39、hanged C. Lost D. Finished42. A. condition B. place C. sight D. show43. A. suggestion B.comment C. decision D. call44. A. by B. proudly C. outside D. angrily45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick46. A. appreciate B. supply C. order D. discover語境、語境、詞義詞義上下文上下文58Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47. I thought about it. We were 48 on cash ourselves, butwell, sometimes 49 from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do! All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of 52, he lit up and th