國(guó)際商法 Part 6 Intellectual Property Law知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法教材

1、I. I. What is Intellectual PropertyWhat is Intellectual Property1 1. Definition. DefinitionIntellectual property, very broadly, means the legal rights which result from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields.2. Scope of intellectual property rights 2. Scope

2、 of intellectual property rights （DynamicDynamic） Copyright and Related Rights (版權(quán)及相關(guān)權(quán)) Trademarks (商標(biāo)) Patents (專利)/Inventions Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits (集成電路布圖設(shè)計(jì)) Plant Varieties (植物新品種)2. Source of International IP Law2.1 Comprehensive AgreementsTRIPS與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定(Agreem

3、ent on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property)TRIPS是WTO體系下的一個(gè)多邊條約，其宗旨是期望減少國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的扭曲和障礙，促進(jìn)對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)充分、有效的保護(hù)，保證知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的執(zhí)法措施與程序不至于變成合法的障礙。2.2 Artistic AgreementBerne Convention伯爾尼公約(The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works)：最早的國(guó)際版權(quán)公約，1887年生效。伯爾尼公約的實(shí)施管理最初由伯爾尼聯(lián)盟國(guó)際局負(fù)責(zé)，1967年起由

4、世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織（WIPO）負(fù)責(zé)。2.3 Industrial Property AgreementParis Convention保護(hù)工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)巴黎公約（Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property）：簡(jiǎn)稱巴黎公約，1883年3月20日在巴黎簽訂，1884年7月7日生效。保護(hù)范圍是工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)，包括發(fā)明專利權(quán)、實(shí)用新型、工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計(jì)、商標(biāo)權(quán)、服務(wù)標(biāo)記、廠商名稱、產(chǎn)地標(biāo)記或原產(chǎn)地名稱以及制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等。Madrid Agreement商標(biāo)國(guó)際注冊(cè)馬德里協(xié)定（Madrid Agreement Concerning the Int

5、ernational Registration of Marks）：1967年7月14日簽訂于斯德哥爾摩，于1989年5月25日生效，是用于規(guī)定、規(guī)范國(guó)際商標(biāo)注冊(cè)的國(guó)際條約。1. Subject Matter (1. Subject Matter (保護(hù)對(duì)象保護(hù)對(duì)象) )Literary, Artistic and Scientific Works Literary works (文字作品): novels, poems, dramatic works and any other writings, computer programs ; Musical works (音樂(lè)作品): songs

6、, choruses, operas; Artistic works(美術(shù)作品): drawings, paintings, sculptures, architectural works; Cinematographic works (電影作品): motion pictures or movies Compilations (匯編作品): Databases Derivative works (派生作品): including translations, adaptations (改編), and arrangements (整理).2. What is protectable and w

7、hat is not?2. What is protectable and what is not?2.1 Idea/Expression Dichotomy 思想/表達(dá)二分法Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such. (TRIPS, Art. 9.2)2.2 Threshold of Protection(版權(quán)保護(hù)的最低要求) Originality(獨(dú)創(chuàng)性) or In

8、tellectual Creation (智力創(chuàng)作) Authorship (作者創(chuàng)作) Fixation (固定)(1) Originality(獨(dú)創(chuàng)性)/Intellectual Creation (智力創(chuàng)作)Doesnt mean Quality or aesthetic value (審美價(jià)值)Doesnt need Novelty (新穎性) or advance (進(jìn)步) An author gets a copyright in an independently created work even if the work is similar to a pre-existing

9、one. (獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作的雷同作品亦可享有版權(quán))(2) Authorship (作者創(chuàng)作)Copyrightable work should be the result of intellectual creation.(3) Fixation (固定)US: US: Works to be protectable by copyright must be fixed in any tangible medium (有形介質(zhì)) from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated. (section 102,

10、 Copyright Act 1976)3. Copyright and Related Rights3. Copyright and Related Rights3.1 Nature of Copyright3.1 Nature of CopyrightAs with other intellectual property rights, copyright is an “exclusive right” to authorize others to use the protected work. The core of copyright is preventing others from

11、 using copyrighted work without authorization.3.2 3.2 Rights Comprised in CopyrightRights Comprised in Copyright Economic Rights (經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利) Moral Rights (精神權(quán)利) Related Rights (鄰接權(quán))3.3 Major Economic3.3 Major Economic RightsRightsEconomic Rights (經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利) are concerned with protecting the economic interests

12、 of copyright owners. Right of Reproduction (復(fù)制權(quán)): the right to prevent others from making copies of his works. The right of reproduction is the most basic right under copyright. Right of Performance (表演權(quán)):Exclusive right of authorizing public performance of works, including such public performance

13、by any means or process. Right of Distribution(發(fā)行權(quán)): the exclusive right of authorizing the making available to the public of the original and copies of their works through sale or other transfer of ownership. (通過(guò)買(mǎi)賣(mài)或其他轉(zhuǎn)移所有權(quán)的方式向公眾提供作品原件或復(fù)制件)3.4 Moral3.4 Moral RightsRightsMoral Rights (精神權(quán)利) are conce

14、rned with protecting the personality and reputation of authors. The right to claim authorship of the work (作者身份權(quán)) The right to object to any distortion (歪曲), mutilation (毀損) or other modification (修改) of, or other derogatory (貶損) action in relation to the work.3.5 3.5 Related RightsRelated Rights Ri

15、ghts of performers, producers of phonograms (sound recordings) and broadcasting organizations.4. Term4. Term ofof Protection (Protection (保護(hù)期保護(hù)期) )The Berne Convention : The term of protection granted by is the life of the author and fifty years after his death. In the case of a work of joint author

16、ship, the term shall be calculated from the death of the last surviving author. China adopts this rule.China: the same as the Berne Convention.European Union and the US: extending copyright terms to life of the author plus 70 years and for works of corporate authorship to 120 years after creation or

17、 95 years after publication, whichever endpoint is earlier.1. Introduction of Trademark1. Introduction of Trademark1.1 Definition1.1 DefinitionTrademark is any sign, or any combination of signs capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.1.2 Fu

18、nction1.2 FunctionIndicating sourcesInforming consumersGenerating goodwill (商譽(yù))2. Criteria of 2. Criteria of ProtectabilityProtectability Distinctiveness (顯著性、識(shí)別性): the function to distinguish products or services. The distinctive character of trademarks must be evaluated in relation to the context,

19、 namely the goods or services to which the trademark is applied. Public order and morality (公序良俗)3. Exclusions from Registration3. Exclusions from Registration Signs conflict with earlier non-trademark rights, such as copyright, patent, name, design, portrait, publicity Functional signs: signs (gene

20、rally shapes or packages) resulting from the nature of the good, necessary to obtain a technical result or substantially valuable for the good itself.4. Trademark4. Trademark RightsRightsThe owner of a registered trademark shall have the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the ow

21、ners consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs for goods or services which are identical or similar to those in respect of which the trademark is registered where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. 1. Introduction1. IntroductionPatent is a set of exclusive

22、 rights granted by a state (national government) to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention. Major types of patents: (invention-creation) Invention Utility Model Industrial Design 第二條 本法所稱的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造是指發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)。2. Patentable Subject

23、 Matter2. Patentable Subject Matter：General RulesGeneral Rules專利專利保護(hù)要件保護(hù)要件Patents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application. (TRIPS Art. 27)Utility

24、 (實(shí)用性)：The invention must be capable of being used in any kind of industry.Novelty (新穎性)：An invention must not have been available to the public prior to the application date.Inventive Step (創(chuàng)造性，進(jìn)步性)：The invention must not merely be something new; it must represent a development over prior art.3.Exc

25、eptions of Patentability3.Exceptions of PatentabilityArticle 25 For any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: 對(duì)下列各項(xiàng)，不授予專利權(quán) scientific discoveries科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)：本身并不是一種技術(shù)方案，不是專利法意義上所說(shuō)的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，不能直接實(shí)施用以解決一定領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的特定技術(shù)問(wèn)題，因而不能被授予專利權(quán)。 rules and methods for mental activities智力活動(dòng)的規(guī)則和方法:人的大腦進(jìn)行精神和智能活動(dòng)的手段或過(guò)程，是一種

26、抽象的東西，作用僅是指導(dǎo)人們對(duì)其表達(dá)的信息進(jìn)行思維、判斷和記憶，不需要采用技術(shù)手段或者遵守自然法則，不具備技術(shù)特征，因而不能被授予專利權(quán)。比如，交通行車(chē)規(guī)則、字典的編排方法、情報(bào)檢索的方法、速算法或口訣。 methods for the diagnosis or for the treatment of diseases;疾病的診斷和治療方法（這類方法以人體或者動(dòng)物作為直接實(shí)施對(duì)象，涉及健康，不能為少數(shù)人所獨(dú)占） animal and plant varieties;動(dòng)物和植物品種（動(dòng)物和植物是自然生成的，不是人們創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的，不能以工業(yè)方法生產(chǎn)，不具備專利法意義上的創(chuàng)造性和實(shí)用性）substa

27、nces obtained by means of nuclear transformation.用原子核變換方法獲得的物質(zhì)（由于用原子核變換方法獲得的物質(zhì)關(guān)系到國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)、國(guó)防、科研和公共生活的重大利益，關(guān)系國(guó)家安全，不宜公開(kāi)） For processes used in producing products referred to in items (4) of the preceding paragraph, patent right may be granted in accordance with the provisions of this Law.對(duì)前款第（四）項(xiàng)所列產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)方

28、法，可以依照本法規(guī)定授予專利權(quán)。4. Patent Rights4. Patent RightsA patentee has the exclusive rights to exploit his A patentee has the exclusive rights to exploit his patented invention as following:patented invention as following:Product patentProduct patent: to prevent third parties not having the owners consent from the acts of: making, using, offering f