國家電網(wǎng)公司英語考試教程短文判斷題校對版

1、電力職稱英語短文判斷Passage I Feature of power generation發(fā)電特性P43The simultaneousness of the electric power generation means that the electric power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution and utilization must be performed at the same instant. The electric power cant be stored. Therefore, the ba

2、lance must be kept at anytime during the electric power generation, distribution, and utilization. The electric power system consists of power plants, transmission networks, distribution networks and the consumers electric utilization equipment.The unification of power system equipment means that th

3、e generation equipments, transformation equipments, transmission lines, distribution lines and power utilization equipment of a power system form an undivided integer. Without any of them, the power network can you operate normally. The transmission line connecting two power networks is called link

4、line. Some electric power systems are mutually connected by transmission lines to realize power exchange between these systems. Thus, the inter-connected power system is formed. Electric power network is the general name of the transmission network composed of transmission lines and various connecte

5、d substations. It is simply called the power network.The features of a modem power network frame are: (1) The main network frame is formed by a strong EHV (UHV) system; (2) The networks are connected closely to each other; (3)the voltage classes are simplified.發(fā)電的同時性意味著發(fā)電，輸電，變電，分發(fā)和使用，必須在相同的時刻進行。電力不能

6、被存儲。因此，平衡必須保持隨時發(fā)電，配電和利用過程中。電力系統(tǒng)由發(fā)電廠，傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，分配網(wǎng)絡(luò)和消費者的電動設(shè)備的利用率。 電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的統(tǒng)一表示的電力系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電設(shè)備，改造設(shè)備，傳輸線，配電線和功率利用設(shè)備構(gòu)成一個不可分割的整數(shù)。沒有任何一個，該電力網(wǎng)絡(luò)可你正常操作。傳輸線連接兩個電網(wǎng)被稱為鏈接線。一些電力系統(tǒng)相互連接通過傳輸線來實現(xiàn)這些系統(tǒng)之間的電力交換。因此，相互連接的電力系統(tǒng)中形成。電力網(wǎng)絡(luò)是傳輸線和各個連接的變電站組成的傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的總稱。它被簡單地稱為電力網(wǎng)。 調(diào)制解調(diào)器電網(wǎng)架的特點是：（1）主網(wǎng)架是由一個強大的超高壓（特高壓）系統(tǒng)形成; （2）網(wǎng)絡(luò)緊密連接在一起; （3）電壓等級被簡化。1

7、. The electric power can be stored. 電力可以被存儲。 A. Right. B. Wrong2. The power system is made up of 4 parts. 電源系統(tǒng)由4個部分組成。A. Right. B. Wrong3. The unification of power system equipment is formed by 4 equipments. 電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)備統(tǒng)一由4個設(shè)備構(gòu)成。A. Right. B. Wrong4. A power system is an undivided integer. 一個電力系統(tǒng)是一個不可分割的整

8、數(shù)。A. Right B. Wrong5. The power network can operate normally without the integration of other 3 equipments. 電力網(wǎng)的工作能夠正常運行無其他3設(shè)備的集成。A. Right. B. Wrong6. A link line is called a transmission line. 鏈接線被稱為傳輸線。A. Right. B. Wrong7. A link line is formed by 3 power net works. 鏈接線由3電網(wǎng)工程組成。A. Right. B. Wrong8

9、. An electric power net work is simply called a power net work. 一種電力網(wǎng)的工作簡稱為電網(wǎng)工作。A. Right. B. Wrong9. The main net work frame is formed by a weak EHV system.主力凈工作框架是由弱超高壓系統(tǒng)的形成。A. Right. B. Wrong10. The net works are not closely linked with each other. 網(wǎng)作品并不密切相互聯(lián)系在一起的。A. Right. B. WrongPassage2 Types

10、of circuit breaker斷路器的類型P57The high voltage circuit breaker is mainly composed of contactors, arc-extinguishing elements, insulation material, operating mechanism. The insulation structure of a high voltage circuit breaker mainly includes the insulation of conductive parts to ground, phase-to-phase

11、and the insulation between breaking contacts. According to the arc-extinguishing mediums, it can be divided into oil circuit breaker (bulk-oil circuit breaker, oil minimum circuit breaker), air blast circuit breaker, SF6 circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker etc. The circuit breaker with oil as ar

12、c-extinguishing and insulation medium are called oil circuit breaker. The circuit breaker whose contactors close and open in high vacuum is called vacuum circuit breaker. SF6 circuit breaker is the circuit breaker in which gas SF6 is used as the arc-extinguishing and insulation medium. The pure SF6

13、gas is a good arc-extinguishing medium. Its insulation strength is higher than air and vacuum, and it has good heat dissipation capability. Besides, there isnt any danger of burning or explosion. Now, the mostly used circuit breakers in the power grid are oil minimum circuit breaker, vacuum circuit

14、breaker and SF6 circuit breaker. 高壓斷路器主要由接觸器，滅弧元件，絕緣材料，操作機構(gòu)。高壓斷路器的絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)主要由導(dǎo)體部件接地，相 -相和破觸頭之間的絕緣的絕緣層。根據(jù)消弧介質(zhì)，它可分為油斷路器（散裝油斷路器，油最低斷路器），空氣鼓風(fēng)斷路器，SF6斷路器，真空斷路器等的電路斷路器以油為弧-extinguishing和絕緣介質(zhì)被稱為油斷路器。該斷路器的接觸緊密，并在高真空開叫真空斷路器。 SF6斷路器是在其中氣體的SF6作為滅弧和絕緣介質(zhì)的斷路器。純SF6氣體是一種良好的滅弧介質(zhì)。 LTS絕緣強度比空氣和真空更高，并且它具有良好的散熱性。此外，不存在燃燒或爆炸的危

15、險。現(xiàn)在，在電網(wǎng)中最常使用的斷路器油最低的斷路器，真空斷路器和SF6斷路器。1.Contactors, arc-extinguishing elements, insulation material and operating mechanism form the high voltage circuit breaker. 接觸器，滅弧元件，絕緣材料和操作機構(gòu)形成的高壓斷路器。A. Right B. Wrong2. The insulation structure is made up of 3 parts.絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)是由3部分組成。 A. Right B. Wrong 3. The arc-e

16、xtinguishing medium can be divided into only 3 parts. 滅弧介質(zhì)可以分為僅3份。 A. Right B. Wrong4. An oil circuit breaker means a circuit breaker with oil as arc-extinguishing and insulation medium. 油斷路器是指斷路器油作為滅弧和絕緣介質(zhì)。A. Right B. Wrong 5. A vacuum circuit breaker is not a circuit breaker with close and open co

17、ntactors in high vacuum .真空斷路器是不是一個斷路器在高真空和密切接觸開放。A. Right B. Wrong 6. A pure SF6 gas is not a good arc-extinguishing medium. 純SF6氣體是不是一個很好的滅弧介質(zhì)。A. Right B. Wrong 7. The insulation strength of SF6 gas is higher than air and vacuum.SF6氣體的絕緣強度比空氣和真空更高。 A. Right B. Wrong 8. An oil minimum circuit break

18、er is very safe in use.油最低斷路器是非常安全的使用。A. Right B. Wrong 9. An oil minimum circuit breaker has bad heat dissipation capability. 油最低斷路器具有不錯的散熱能力。A. Right B. Wrong 10. An oil minimum circuit breaker is one of the mostly used circuit breakers in the power grid 油最低斷路器是在電網(wǎng)中最常使用的電路斷路器中的一個。A. Right B. Wrong

19、Passage 3 Optical fiber communication 光纖通信P67Optical fiber communication is a kind of information communication by optical fiber. In power system, the composite optical fiber ground wire or OPGW is widely used. The optical fiber main network is mainly responsible for the transmission task of power d

20、ispatching telephone, administration telephone of power system, automation information, data network, protective relaying information and so on. Optical fiber communication has become the primary communication method of our power communication system.Optical fiber communication has advantages of lar

21、ge capacity of communication, strong ability of anti-jamming, insulation to electrical field, small attenuation and long distance of transmission, etc. The communication capacity of optical fiber is directly proportion to the carrier frequency. Usually the carrier frequency of power line is less tha

22、n 300kHz, and the carrier frequency of microwave is between 3 000MHz and 30 000MHz. Cartier frequency of optical fiber is 2.2x 107MHz, being 7.4x104 times microwave and 7.4x 108 times power line cal.der. The main problem of the fiber-optic channel is that the price of fiber-optic equipment and optic

23、al fiber cable is comparatively higher. 光纖通信是一種信息溝通的由光纖。在電力系統(tǒng)中，復(fù)合光纖地線或OPGW被廣泛使用。光纖主要網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要負責(zé)電力調(diào)度電話，電力系統(tǒng)的管理電話，自動化的信息，數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，繼電保護信息等的傳輸任務(wù)。光纖通信已成為我們的電力通信系統(tǒng)的主要通信方法。 光纖通信具有大容量的通信的，強的抗干擾能力，絕緣性，以電場，小衰減和傳輸距離長等的光纖的通信容量的優(yōu)點是直接正比于載波頻率。一般電力線的載波頻率小于300kHz的，和微波的載波頻率為3000MHz和30000MHz之間。光纖卡地亞的頻率為2.2倍107MHz，是7.4x104次微波爐和

24、7.4倍108倍的電力線cal.der。光纖通道的主要問題是，光纖設(shè)備和光纜的價格相對較高。1 . A kind of information communication is optical Heber communication. 一種信息溝通是光纖溝通。A. Right B. Wrong 2. The composite optical fiber ground wire is seldom used in power system. 復(fù)合光纖地線很少應(yīng)用于電力系統(tǒng)。A. Right B. Wrong 3. One of the transmission tasks of the opt

25、ical Heber main network is to transmit administration telephones from power system. 一項所述的光纖主網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳輸任務(wù)之一是從電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)送管理電話。A. Right B. Wrong 4. Optical fiber communication has been the important communication method in power communication system. 光纖通信已在電力通信系統(tǒng)中的重要通信方式。A. Right B. Wrong 5. Large capacity of co

26、mmunication is not one of the advantages of optical fiber communication. 通信的大容量不是光纖通信的優(yōu)點之一。A. Right B. Wrong 6. The communication capacity of optical Heber is indirectly proportion to the carrier frequency. 光纖的通信容量是間接地成比例的載波頻率。 A. Right B. Wrong 7. The carrier frequency of power line is more than 30

27、0kHz. 電力線的載波頻率大于300kHz的。A. Right B. Wrong 8. The carrier frequency of microwave is between 3 000MHz and 5 000MHz. 微波的載波頻率是000MHz3和5000MHz之間。A. Right B. Wrong 9. The main problem of the Heber-optic channel is the high price of fiber-optic equipment在光纖信道的主要問題是價格高的光纖設(shè)備。A. Right B. Wrong 10. The cables

28、made by optical fiber are not expensive. 通過光學(xué)纖維制成的電纜是不貴。 A. Right B. WrongPassage 4 Power plant 電廠P111According to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be classified into fossil-fired, hydraulic, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal and tide power plants and so on. A power plant transforms pr

29、imary energy source into electric power and supplies power to users. A co-generation plant is the power plant that not only generates electricity but also supplies steam to the user. Normally, in selecting the site of a new power plant, following factors should be fully considered: power net plan fo

30、r medium and long term; fuel supply and ash disposal; transportation condition; water sources; local natural condition and environmental protection. According to the common stipulation the total capacity in a newly scheduled power plant is in the range of 1 200MW to 3 600MW, the number of units shou

31、ld not exceed six and the ranks of capacity should not exceed two.根據(jù)能量轉(zhuǎn)換的模式，發(fā)電廠可分為化石燃料，液壓，核能，風(fēng)能，太陽能，地?zé)岷统毕l(fā)電廠等。 一種電源轉(zhuǎn)換裝置主要能源來源為電力，供電給用戶。聯(lián)產(chǎn)廠的動力裝置，它不僅產(chǎn)生電力，還提供蒸汽給用戶。 通常情況下，在選擇新電廠的網(wǎng)站，以下因素應(yīng)充分考慮：電源中期和長期的凈計劃;燃料供應(yīng)和灰處理;交通運輸條件;水源;當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀粭l件和環(huán)境的保護。根據(jù)共同規(guī)定在新計劃的電廠總裝機容量為1200MW至600MW3的范圍內(nèi)，單位數(shù)量應(yīng)不超過6臺，機組容量等級不超過2種。1 . Bas

32、e on energy conversion, power plants are divided into more than 7 categories.根據(jù)能量轉(zhuǎn)換的模式，發(fā)電廠分為多于7個類別。A. Right B. Wrong2. A power plant tries to transform energy source into electric power. 一種發(fā)電設(shè)備，試圖改變能源為電力。A. RightB. Wrong3. The power plant generating electricity and supplying steam is called a co-gen

33、eration plant.電廠產(chǎn)生的電力并供給蒸汽被稱為熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)廠。A. Right B. Wrong4. A power net plan for short and medium temp is one of factors in selecting a site. 一種用于短期和中期的臨時電網(wǎng)的計劃是多種因素在選擇網(wǎng)站之一。A. Right B. Wrong5. Two important factors for a new plant plan are fuel supply and ash disposal. 新工廠計劃的兩個重要因素是燃料供應(yīng)和灰處理。A. Right B. Wr

34、ong6. Environmental protection is less considered in building a new power plant. 環(huán)境保護是建設(shè)新電廠較少考慮。A. Right B. Wrong7. Water sources and transportation conditions are not needed to consider in selecting a new site. 不需要水源和交通條件在選擇一個新的網(wǎng)站來考慮。A. Right B. Wrong8. The total capacity in a newly scheduled plant

35、 arranges from 1 200MW to 3 600MW. 在新工廠預(yù)定的總?cè)萘堪才?200MW至600MW3。A. Right B. Wrong9. The number of units exceeds more Han six. 單位數(shù)量更超過6。A. Right B. Wrong10. The ranks of capacity should be limited within two. 能力的隊伍應(yīng)該在兩個限制。A. Right B. WrongPassage 5 Selection of metal material for the boiler in units of

36、1 000MW grade 選擇的金屬材料中的1000MW級單位的鍋爐 P116Taking a general view of the 1 000MW grade high-efficiency supercritical unit designed and made in China, the temperature of main steam and reheated steam are basically 570-600C. Further more, this is just medium temperature, the tube wall temperature of super

37、heater and reheater may reach 600-650C. Under this temperature, in addition to good heat resistance, the anti-high temperature steam oxidation performance at tube inner surface and the anti-high temperature flue gas corrosion performance at tube outside surface are also highly demanded. That is to s

38、ay, heat-resisting steel T91, T92, etc. (their temperature limit for use is 593C and 620C respectively) as well as austenite stainless steel super 304H and HR3C, etc. (their temperature for normal use is about 650C, their temperature limit is near 700C) must be adopted.以設(shè)計，中國制造的1000MW級高效超臨界機組的總圖，主蒸汽

39、和再熱蒸汽溫度基本上570-600C。進一步，這僅僅是媒介的溫度，過熱器和再熱器的管壁溫度可能達到600-650C。根據(jù)該溫度下，除了優(yōu)良的耐熱性，抗高溫水蒸氣氧化性能在管子內(nèi)表面和抗高溫?zé)煔飧gperfomtance在管外表面也被高度要求。也就是說，耐熱鋼T91，T92，等等（其溫度上限為使用是593C和620C分別）以及奧氏體不銹鋼超級304H和HR3C等（其溫度為正常使用為約650C，其溫度上限是近700C）必須通過。1 . The 1 000MW grade high-efficiency supercritical unit is designed and made in China

40、. 1000MW級高效超臨界機組的設(shè)計和中國制造。A. Right B. Wrong 2. The temperature of main steam and reheated steam reach basically between 570 to 650C. 基本上間570主蒸汽和再熱蒸汽的溫度達到650C。A. Right B. Wrong 3. The tube wall temperature of superheater and reheater can reach more than 600 to 650C.過熱器和再熱器管壁溫度可達到600-650C。A. Right B. W

41、rong 4. The anti-high temperature steam oxidation performance at tube inner surface is highly demanded. 抗高溫蒸汽氧化性能，在管內(nèi)表面的高度要求。A. Right B. Wrong 5. The anti-high temperature flue gas corrosion performance at tube outside surface is not highly demanded. 抗高溫?zé)煔獾母g性能在管外表面不被高度要求。 A. Right B. Wrong 6. The t

42、emperature limit of T9 I for use is about 593C .T9 I的使用溫度上限約為593C。A. Right B. Wrong 7. The temperature limit of T92 for use is less than 620 C. T92的使用溫度上限為小于620C.A. Right B. Wrong 8. The temperature of austenite stainless steel for normal use is about 650C。奧氏體不銹鋼為正常使用的溫度為約650C。A. Right t B. Wrong 9.

43、 The temperature limit of austenite stainless steel is less than 700C. 奧氏體不銹鋼在溫度極限小于700C。A. Right B. Wrong 10 Only heat-resisting steel can be adopted for use. 只有耐熱鋼可用于通過。A. Right B. WrongPassage 6 The role of the condenser 冷凝器的作用P122The condenser is a surface heat exchanger in which cooling water p

44、assing through the tubes removes the vaporization heat from the exhaust steam which is passing over the tubes, and condense the exhaust steam into water. It is important that the water not be sub-cooled below the saturation temperature, which would remove excess energy from the system and reduce the

45、 overall efficiency. It is necessary to reduce the steam to water so that it can be effectively pumped back through the system. In condensing the exhaust steam from the low pressure turbine, the condenser controls the back-pressure at the turbine exhaust. The temperature of the cooling water passing

46、 through the condenser tubes is the primary factor controlling the turbine backpressure. Typically the temperature of cooling water increases15-20 F as it passes through the condenser and exits at some temperature lower than the turbine exhaust steam temperature. The temperature difference between t

47、he cooling water leaving the condenser and the turbine exhaust steam is called the terminal difference. The temperature increase of the cooling water and the terminal difference depend on the condenser design and performance, the steam flow, and the cooling water flow. Thus with a given set of condi

48、tions, the exhaust steam temperature is dependent on the temperature of the cooling water entering the condenser and the back-pressure is dependent on the exhaust steam temperature.冷凝器是在其中的冷卻水通過管除去從排氣蒸汽，在經(jīng)過管的汽化熱和冷凝的蒸汽排出到水的表面上的熱交換器。該水不是子冷卻到低于飽和溫度，這會從系統(tǒng)中除去過量的能量，降低了整體的效率是很重要的。這是必要的，以減少蒸汽到水的，以便它可以被有效地泵送

49、回至該系統(tǒng)。在從低壓汽輪機冷凝該廢蒸汽，冷凝器控制背壓在渦輪機排氣。 冷卻水通過冷凝器管的溫度的主要因素控制渦輪的背壓。通常冷卻水增加15-20F，因為它穿過冷凝器和溫度退出在某些溫度低于渦輪機排出的蒸汽的溫度降低。離開冷凝器和渦輪機排出的蒸汽的冷卻水之間的溫度差被稱為終端差異。溫度上升的冷卻水和終端差異取決于冷凝器的設(shè)計和性能，蒸汽流量，冷卻水的流動。因此，與一組給定的條件下，排汽溫度取決于進入冷凝器和背壓的冷卻水的溫度依賴于排汽溫度。1 . A condenser is a heat exchanger removing the vaporization heat from the exh

50、aust steam and condensing the exhaust steam into water. 冷凝器是除去從排氣蒸汽的汽化熱和冷凝該廢汽成水的熱交換器。A. Right B. Wrong 2. It is suggested that the water should not be cooled below the saturation temperature. 有人建議，該水不應(yīng)該被冷卻到低于飽和溫度。A. Right B. Wrong 3. The saturation temperature would not remove excess energy from the

51、 system and reduce the overall efficiency. 飽和溫度也不會從系統(tǒng)中除去過量的能量，降低了整體效率。A. Right B. Wrong 4. It is unnecessary to reduce the steam to water so that it can be pumped back through the system. 這是不必要的，以減少蒸汽到水的，這樣它可以被泵回至該系統(tǒng)。A. Right B. Wrong 5. The condenser does not control back-pressure at the turbine ex

52、haust. 冷凝器不控制背壓在渦輪機排氣。A. Right B. Wrong 6. The important factor controlling the turbine backpressure is the temperature of the cooling water passing through the condenser tubes. 控制渦輪背壓的重要因素是冷卻水通過冷凝器管的溫度。A. Right B. Wrong 7. The temperature of cooling water will increase its temperature between 15 F

53、and 20 F as it passes through the condenser. 當(dāng)它通過所述冷凝器的冷卻水的溫度將增加間15F和20F的溫度下進行。A. Right B. Wrong 8. The terminal difference means the temperature difference between the cooling water and the turbine exhaust steam. 終端差分裝置，冷卻水和所述渦輪機排出的蒸汽之間的溫差。A. Right B. Wrong 9. The temperature increase of the coolin

54、g water and the terminal difference depend on 3 factors. 冷卻水和端子差的溫度上升取決于三個因素。A. Right B. Wrong 10. The exhaust steam temperature does not rely on the temperature of the cooling water which enters the condenser. 排汽溫度不依賴于所述冷卻水的進入冷凝器的溫度。A. Right B. WrongPassage 7 Hydraulic structure 水工建筑 P128The select

55、ed type of dam of hydraulic power plant depends principally on topographic, geologic, hydrologic, climatic conditions, constructional materials, lay out plan, cost and safety.The main effect of the dam safety monitoring and inspecting is to monitor the performance indexes and to inspect equipment in

56、side the dam, to discover the abnormality in time, so as to take emergency measure and keep the dam safe. The main monitoring items of dam are: displacement (horizontal and vertical displacement),crack, seepage, temperature stress and strain, etc. The monitoring method of dam is that at suitable poi

57、nts on the dam and its foundation, some monitoring devices are embedded for periodical supervision. The result obtained shall be analyzed and studied.水力電廠大壩的選擇的類型主要取決于地形，地質(zhì)，水文，氣候條件，施工材料，制定出計劃，成本和安全性。 大壩安全監(jiān)測及鑒定的主要作用是監(jiān)視性能指標，并檢查設(shè)備大壩內(nèi)，發(fā)現(xiàn)異常及時處理，以便采取應(yīng)急措施，保證大壩的安全。 大壩的主要監(jiān)測項目有：位移（水平和垂直位移），裂紋，滲水，溫度應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變等。 大壩的監(jiān)測方法是，在上壩和地基合適的點，一些監(jiān)控設(shè)備都嵌入了定期監(jiān)督。所得到的結(jié)果應(yīng)進行分析和研究。1 . The type of dam for hydraulic power plant depends on many factors. 壩液壓動力裝置的類型取決于多種因素。A. Right B. Wrong2. The main purpose of the dam safety monitoring is to monitor the performance indexes. 大壩