高考英語語法非謂語動詞課件

1、 主講主講: : 雷小娟雷小娟 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞? 在句子中充當在句子中充當除謂語以外的除謂語以外的 句子成分的動詞形式句子成分的動詞形式叫做非叫做非 謂語動詞。謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為非謂語動詞分為三種形式三種形式: :1)1)不定式，不定式，2)2)動名詞，動名詞，3)3)分詞分詞( (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞和分詞和過去過去分詞分詞) )。不定式不定式-形式形式(The Infinitive)(The Infinitive)時態(tài)時態(tài)語語態(tài)態(tài) 主動主動 被動被動 一般式一般式 to do to be done 進行式進行式to be doing/完成式完成式 to have done to hav

2、e been done 完成進完成進行式行式to have been doing/不定式不定式動詞不定式在句中可作動詞不定式在句中可作 主語主語( (Subject),),賓語賓語( (Object), ), 定語定語( (Attribute),),表語表語 ( (Predicative)狀語狀語( (Adverbial) )等。等。 Its a good habit to get up early . We plan to go to the seaside for our holiday . She is looking for a room to live in . My job is

3、to help the patient . To sleep late in the afternoon , Bob turned off the alarm .動名詞動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞時態(tài)時態(tài)/語態(tài)語態(tài) 主動主動 被動被動 一般式一般式 doing being done 完成式完成式 having done having been done 3)過去分詞過去分詞只有只有done 一種形式一種形式.動名詞動名詞:在句中起在句中起名詞名詞作用，作用，可作可作主語主語,表語表語,賓語賓語和和定語定語1)_ (收集信息收集信息）is very important to businessmen.

4、2)My favourite sport is _ (踢足球踢足球）3)He finished _ (看完這本書看完這本書)yesterday.4)He has a _ room. (書房書房）Collecting informationreading the bookreadingplaying football定語定語; ;表語表語; ;狀語狀語; ;賓語補足語賓語補足語 1)Do you know the girl baking bread.2)The sleeping beauty was so charming.3) Moved by his words, I accepted hi

5、s present. 4) When I heard my name called , I stood up . 分詞分詞:現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞(v.ing) 過去過去分詞分詞(done) 在句中作何成分在句中作何成分? 非謂語動詞的非謂語動詞的否定式否定式?1)not+to do(不定式不定式)2)not+doing(動名詞動名詞/現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞在分詞) eg. Our teachers often tell us_to lie.not eg. _having been informed, he didnt know the notice.Not非謂語作非謂語作狀語狀語的的 重點重點與與難點難點狀語

6、狀語動詞不定式在句中可作動詞不定式在句中可作 目的目的, ,原因原因, ,結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語狀語。 1.To pass the exam , Bob studied hard. (In order to (表表目的目的)2.Nice to meet you again. (表表原因原因) )3.He worked hard only to fail .(表表結(jié)果結(jié)果) )動名詞動名詞:在句中作在句中作主語主語,表語表語,賓語賓語和和定語定語 而而不能作不能作狀語狀語分詞分詞:現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞(v.ing) 過去過去分詞分詞(done) 想一想想一想: 在句中可作在句中可作哪些狀語哪些狀語? ? Un

7、derline the nonfinite verbs(找非謂語動詞找非謂語動詞):1.a)Having done their homework, the students left the classroom.1.b)Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. (=After they had done) (=When he was asked.) (時間狀語時間狀語) 3.a)Being ill, he didnt go to school.3.b)Born in the village, he knows a lot of people t

8、here.(=As he was ill, )(=As/Because he was born ) (原因狀語原因狀語) 2.a)Working hard, you will do well in your exams.2.b)Given more time, I can do better. (=If you work hard, )(=If I am given) (條件狀語條件狀語)4.a)Though weighing almost fifty kilograms, the box was lifted by him with one hand. 4.b)Although tired,

9、 they continued to work.(= Though it weighs)(=Although they were tired, ) (讓步狀語讓步狀語)5.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan (=, so that he became an orphan, .) (結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語)6.a)They went into the room, Laughing and talking. 6.b)The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students (方式或伴隨方式或伴

10、隨)(=, laughed and talked.)(=and was surrounded)總結(jié)總結(jié):分詞分詞( (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在, ,過去過去分詞分詞) )在句在句中作狀語中作狀語, ,可表可表時間時間、 原因原因、條件條件、讓步讓步、 伴隨伴隨或或方式方式等含義等含義, ,現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞還可作分詞還可作結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語、狀語、相當于一個對應(yīng)的相當于一個對應(yīng)的狀語從狀語從句句所表達的意思所表達的意思. .總結(jié)總結(jié)非謂語作狀語的非謂語作狀語的高考熱門例析高考熱門例析例析例析Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. See

11、n Seen from the top of the mountain, we can view the beauty of the whole city. Seeing 規(guī)律規(guī)律( (一一): ):分詞分詞: :現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞/ /過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞表示分詞表示主動主動和和進行進行； 過去過去分詞表示分詞表示被動被動和和完成完成。分詞作狀語時分詞作狀語時, ,無論主無論主動還是被動形式動還是被動形式, ,分詞動分詞動作的邏輯主語和主句的作的邏輯主語和主句的主語應(yīng)該保持一致主語應(yīng)該保持一致當非謂語的邏輯主語與當非謂語的邏輯主語與 句子的邏輯主語不一致時句子的邏輯主語不一致時,還可用

12、還可用哪種結(jié)構(gòu)哪種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達來表達? Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. We seeing當非謂語的邏輯主語與當非謂語的邏輯主語與 句句子的邏輯主語不一致時子的邏輯主語不一致時,還還可用可用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達來表達?1.The manager,_it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. A.who has made B. made C.having made D. making 2._many tim

13、es, he did it well. A.Being told B.Having told C.Having been told D.To be toldCC規(guī)律規(guī)律( (二二): ):當當v-ing形式作狀語時，形式作狀語時，要考慮要考慮時態(tài)時態(tài)與與語態(tài)語態(tài)若它若它所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作語動作之前之前，需用，需用having done, 如果表被動則用如果表被動則用 having been done3. He rushed to the train station, only _ the train had gone. A. finding B. found C.

14、finds D. to find4.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) A. making B. makes C. made D. to makeDA規(guī)律規(guī)律( (三三):):不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞都可作不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞都可作 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語區(qū)別區(qū)別: :不定式表不定式表“出乎意料出乎意料, ,意料意料之外之外”現(xiàn)在分詞表現(xiàn)在分詞表“順其自然順其自然, ,意意料之中料之中, ,方式或伴隨方式或伴隨, ,還可還可表原因表原因( (前因后果前因

15、后果) )”等等, , 非謂語作狀語的非謂語作狀語的 習慣用法習慣用法與與特殊用法特殊用法1._from his look,she must have just been separated from her Mr. Right. A. Judged B. Judging C. To judge D. Being judgedB解析此題考察此題考察v.ing 作插入作插入語語的習慣用法的習慣用法, ,故選故選B2._you the truth, I dont agree with what you said just now. A. TellB. To tell C. TellingD. To

16、ldB解析此題考察此題考察不定式不定式作插作插入語入語的習慣用法的習慣用法, , 故選故選 B 必背必背:Judging from由由判斷判斷副詞副詞(adv.)+speaking 的來說的來說generally speaking 一般說來一般說來,總的來說總的來說,personally speaking就個人來說就個人來說, 就自己而言就自己而言strictly speaking嚴格說來嚴格說來believe it or not 信不信由你信不信由你必背必背: to be honest 老實說老實說to tell you the truth說老實話說老實話 to be frank 坦率地說坦

17、率地說to say nothing of 姑且不說姑且不說to be sure 誠然，固然誠然，固然 to be exact 精確地說精確地說so to speak 可以這么說可以這么說to be brief 簡言之簡言之to conclude 總而言之總而言之to do him justice 說句對他公道的話說句對他公道的話 to make a long story short 長話短說長話短說 to begin with 首先首先 非謂語動詞作狀語的非謂語動詞作狀語的 高考熱門考點高考熱門考點小結(jié)小結(jié)小結(jié)小結(jié): :1.1.分詞與主語的關(guān)系分詞與主語的關(guān)系 ( (分詞動作的邏輯主語和主句分

18、詞動作的邏輯主語和主句 的主語應(yīng)該的主語應(yīng)該保持一致保持一致: : 表示表示主動主動和和進行進行用用現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞; 表示表示被動被動和和完成完成用用過去過去分詞分詞)2.2.要考慮要考慮時態(tài)時態(tài)與與語態(tài)語態(tài)3.3.要記一些要記一些習慣用法習慣用法非謂語作狀語的非謂語作狀語的 鞏固練習鞏固練習1.His parents died, _ him an orphan. A. Left B. leaving C. leave D. to leave2.He rushed to the post office only_ it was closed. A. finding B.find C. fou

19、nd D. to findBD3.When _ help, one often says, “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”(福建卷福建卷33題）題） A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered4.He called the police for help, _ that the problem was more than he could deal with. A. realize B. to realize C. realized D. realizing DD5._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received6.While watching television, _. （全國卷（全國卷18題）題） the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings7._it or not, y