畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 基于因特網(wǎng)的注塑模具智能設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)

1、理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯專 業(yè)： 高分子材料與工程 姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 08L0603119 外文出處： Science Direct (用外文寫) 附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)： 翻譯根本通順，格式根本正確，根本符合要求！ 簽名： 2021年 4 月18 日附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文 基于因特網(wǎng)的注塑模具智能設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)摘要 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和信息技術(shù)在近幾年的飛速開(kāi)展為支持促進(jìn)不同地理分布企業(yè)的協(xié)同產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)提供了一個(gè)解決方案。通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)基于因特網(wǎng)的協(xié)同產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)模塊的模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，我們可以找到促進(jìn)注塑模具合作開(kāi)展的行之有效的工具。本文介紹了注塑模具基于因特網(wǎng)的智能

2、設(shè)計(jì)的一種原型。該系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)包括一個(gè)嵌入網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的交互式KB模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)。采用人工智能技術(shù)的Java功能的方法可用來(lái)開(kāi)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)交互式計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)。在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，計(jì)算模塊、知識(shí)模塊和模具特點(diǎn)圖形生成模塊的功能集成在一個(gè)交互式模具CAD技術(shù)框架。該系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)根底是通過(guò)互動(dòng)過(guò)程訪問(wèn)模具設(shè)計(jì)師而獲得，這樣也可以使他們自己的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)納入總的模具設(shè)計(jì)。該方法加快了設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)程，也促進(jìn)了設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，從而加快了模具制造的的速度。我們用一個(gè)實(shí)際的案例研究來(lái)說(shuō)明基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)具體操作。關(guān)鍵詞：因特網(wǎng) 基于知識(shí)的專家系統(tǒng) 注塑模具設(shè)計(jì) 合作1、簡(jiǎn)介塑料，這是當(dāng)今時(shí)代最多才多藝的一種材料，被廣泛應(yīng)用在世

3、界各地的許多產(chǎn)品中。由于它能夠生產(chǎn)復(fù)雜形狀的塑料部件，具有良好的尺寸精度和很短的生產(chǎn)周期，今天注射成型已成為塑料工業(yè)中用于制造塑料零部件最重要的工藝過(guò)程。然而，由于全球化的市場(chǎng),短生命周期產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā),增加產(chǎn)品多樣化、高要求的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,當(dāng)前塑料工業(yè)正處在巨大的壓力下。為了滿足上述要求，這種貿(mào)易采用各種先進(jìn)的技術(shù)是非常重要的，這些技術(shù)包括信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助集成技術(shù)、并行工程、人工智能等等,有效幫助了注射模壓產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)展。在注塑成型中，為滿足產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和高效的處理模具的設(shè)計(jì)是至關(guān)重要的。在大多數(shù)情況下,模具質(zhì)量負(fù)責(zé)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的整個(gè)過(guò)程。注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)包括廣泛的關(guān)于模具元件結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)(啟發(fā)式知

4、識(shí))。如今，模具設(shè)計(jì)面臨的截稿壓力與日俱增并且設(shè)計(jì)本身主要是基于模具設(shè)計(jì)師的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。模具設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)具備深入和廣泛的經(jīng)驗(yàn),因?yàn)樵敿?xì)的決定需要知識(shí)的各種參數(shù)之間的相互作用。不幸的是，對(duì)于這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)說(shuō)，要滿足不斷升級(jí)的市場(chǎng)需求是不可能的。因此,智能CAD工具可以協(xié)助模具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的各項(xiàng)任務(wù)，對(duì)于提高模具制造工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率非常重要。全球制造業(yè)的開(kāi)展趨勢(shì)在很大程度上是由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，信息技術(shù)與全球市場(chǎng)支撐的。如今，能夠普遍地看到，設(shè)計(jì)、制造和最終產(chǎn)品的裝配完成于座落在世界不同的地方公司。在產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，涉及的各方面需要分享他們的專業(yè)知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)的開(kāi)展和信息技術(shù)可以提供一個(gè)解決方案，來(lái)支持和共

5、同促進(jìn)在不同地理上分布企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)。開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)基于因特網(wǎng)的智能模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，作為協(xié)同產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)模塊，它可以提供一個(gè)有效并且可行的工具，幫助小型和中型企業(yè)中注塑模具的協(xié)同開(kāi)發(fā)，從而滿足當(dāng)今全球市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的嚴(yán)格要求。本文提出了一個(gè)基于因特網(wǎng)的智能模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)和知識(shí)為根底的方法。該系統(tǒng)可以縮短注塑模具的設(shè)計(jì)周期，可以有效地幫助小型和中等規(guī)模企業(yè)中注塑模具的設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)工作，從而緩解當(dāng)前競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劇烈的世界市場(chǎng)中日益增長(zhǎng)的壓力。本文的其余局部組織如下：2局部簡(jiǎn)要介紹了注射模具設(shè)計(jì)；3局部介紹了前人在模具設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究成果；基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)安排在第4節(jié)；5局部是結(jié)論。

6、2、注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)注塑模具的根本特征包括腔的數(shù)量和布局，進(jìn)料系統(tǒng)，冷卻系統(tǒng)，注射系統(tǒng)以及模具制造。圖1顯示了模具設(shè)計(jì)的一般程序。由圖我們可知，如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的條件和邊界條件與次級(jí)條件必須滿足的主要功能。模具設(shè)計(jì)的工程通常首先要考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，即為了滿足交貨日期和其他要求，我們要考慮有多少配件可以并且應(yīng)該采用一模一腔的模式生產(chǎn)的問(wèn)題。其次是考慮模腔的安排，這可能直接將便于注射的考慮在內(nèi)，隨后就是模具與熔體以及澆口質(zhì)量數(shù)量，位置及澆口的形狀之間的關(guān)系。進(jìn)料系統(tǒng)容納來(lái)自注塑成型機(jī)的注射噴嘴的熔融物料，并將其分配到各個(gè)型腔中。為了消除模制過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的熱量，我們有必要給模具提供一個(gè)冷卻系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)制品在模腔中凝固

7、并冷卻下來(lái)之后，我們通過(guò)注噴射系統(tǒng)將其從模腔中頂出。模具通常是由幾塊金屬板堆疊而形成的剛體構(gòu)成的。為了妥善運(yùn)作，它必須容納各種模具配件安置在合理位置。模具結(jié)構(gòu)通常涉及選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架和模具配件。復(fù)雜的塑料零件，其它一些機(jī)制如幻燈片，旋轉(zhuǎn)裝置等等，也可能參與模具整體結(jié)構(gòu)。圖1 模具設(shè)計(jì)的一般程序3、相關(guān)研究許多研究已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了模具設(shè)計(jì)，并且多年來(lái)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域都在應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助技術(shù)。這些研究活動(dòng)范圍從研究模具設(shè)計(jì)的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域到研究模具設(shè)計(jì)作為一個(gè)整體的綜合性系統(tǒng)。我們可以將其廣泛的分為三個(gè)方面：功能性和初始模具設(shè)計(jì)；該算法自動(dòng)生成模具；模具設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展。惠和譚提出了基于掃描操作的啟發(fā)式操作方法用來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)用于確

8、定脫模方向，分型線，側(cè)型芯等的自動(dòng)化模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)。黃等人用實(shí)體造型技術(shù)建立了模具板和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模具零件庫(kù)。陳和劉已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出了一種本錢模型，這種模型描述了本錢因素和產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)活動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系以及它們與產(chǎn)品幾何之間的關(guān)系，來(lái)對(duì)注射成型進(jìn)行本錢效果設(shè)計(jì)。富等人提出一種高效的方法系統(tǒng)介紹了側(cè)凹特征的定義、分類、特征參數(shù)取值和注射模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)中所有側(cè)凹類型確實(shí)認(rèn)條件。陳等人提出了一種對(duì)于德克賽爾模具和難于決策的脫模方向的測(cè)定方法。李吉昌提出了一種神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法來(lái)模擬和優(yōu)化注塑模具澆口參數(shù)。李春雷采用基于特征的方法設(shè)計(jì)了模具成型的冷卻系統(tǒng)。鄭和李提出了注塑成型協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境的一個(gè)框架，它指出各個(gè)區(qū)域分布的各學(xué)科設(shè)計(jì)人

9、員可以相互合作。馬等人運(yùn)用面對(duì)對(duì)象的方法對(duì)塑料注射模具設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組件庫(kù)的開(kāi)展進(jìn)行了描述。婁和李沒(méi)有運(yùn)用二維圖紙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法，而是提出了一套用三維實(shí)體模型提供初步設(shè)計(jì)的方法。Ashaab等人描述了配套的塑料工程開(kāi)發(fā)體系，通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的注射模具協(xié)作設(shè)計(jì)，促進(jìn)了注塑成型信息和知識(shí)在感興趣的人之間的分享。李等人運(yùn)用圖像技術(shù)開(kāi)展了一種啟發(fā)式搜索算法，使得塑料注射模具冷卻系統(tǒng)的布局設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)操作。近年來(lái)，研究人員已經(jīng)開(kāi)始采用基于知識(shí)的方法來(lái)解決注塑成型及模具設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題。DTMOULD-1是一個(gè)注塑模具本錢估算知識(shí)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)。EIMPPLAN-1將可塑性納入了配件設(shè)計(jì)的考慮之中你，并記載了注塑模具配件理論設(shè)計(jì)的開(kāi)展。為

10、了注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)，我們開(kāi)發(fā)了CADFEED。然而，這些限制了特殊區(qū)域或簡(jiǎn)單局部的設(shè)計(jì)，而且不夠成熟，但對(duì)于一般的模具設(shè)計(jì)那么足夠?qū)嵱昧?。Bozdana和Eyercioglu 開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)專家系統(tǒng)用來(lái)測(cè)定熱塑性材料注塑成型參數(shù)。Chanetal提出了一個(gè)基于知識(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)的根本結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)輔助注射模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，它覆蓋了模具設(shè)計(jì)流程和模具知識(shí)管理。從以上的回憶可以看出，大多數(shù)以前的工作，認(rèn)為只有總體設(shè)計(jì)的某些方面和其中一些太過(guò)理論化而不能應(yīng)用于實(shí)際模具設(shè)計(jì)，它涉及大量關(guān)于模具功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)用知識(shí)，人類啟發(fā)式知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)型知識(shí)。KB系統(tǒng)已表現(xiàn)出極大的潛力，協(xié)助設(shè)計(jì)師與用于概念化設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)相互作用

11、，并且采用具有廣泛分析手段的工程法那么幫助完成最終工程模具設(shè)計(jì)。此外，對(duì)于注射模具設(shè)計(jì)在基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的智能系統(tǒng)方面仍然有相對(duì)較少的研究工作。4.基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)4.1 概述目前，大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)只提供幾何建模功能，方便模具設(shè)計(jì)繪制草圖，并不提供模具設(shè)計(jì)師必要的知識(shí)來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)優(yōu)秀的模具設(shè)計(jì)。傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程軟件包的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于密集信息問(wèn)題的數(shù)據(jù)處理或?qū)γ芗交瘑?wèn)題的數(shù)量控制。前者包括計(jì)算機(jī)輔助繪圖和圖形、數(shù)據(jù)減少和轉(zhuǎn)變；而后者涉及數(shù)字建模與分析。然而，在設(shè)計(jì)上的問(wèn)題，尤其是在模具設(shè)計(jì)中，會(huì)涉及到一個(gè)模具功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的大量實(shí)用知識(shí)。因此，傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)不適于處理啟發(fā)式和經(jīng)驗(yàn)型

12、知識(shí)，這在模具設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題中是至關(guān)重要的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)于模具設(shè)計(jì)，KB系統(tǒng)較傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它表述明確是一個(gè)知識(shí)機(jī)構(gòu)的操作系統(tǒng)，代表著人類的智慧?；诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)的模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)和基于知識(shí)的方法可以提供一個(gè)有效可行的工具，幫助小型和中型企業(yè)中注塑模具的協(xié)同開(kāi)發(fā)，從而滿足當(dāng)今全球市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的嚴(yán)格要求。此外，一貫需要檢查和更新信息，來(lái)確保數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確和更新，因?yàn)槟＞咧圃焐毯蜆?biāo)準(zhǔn)元器件供給商要不斷改良和升級(jí)他們的設(shè)備和工藝。通過(guò)充分利用快速開(kāi)展的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和信息技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)可以有能力不斷的更新和升級(jí)大量關(guān)于注射模具設(shè)計(jì)的信息，這種方式迅速便捷。4.2 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)圖

13、2基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)實(shí)際模具設(shè)計(jì)程序和在這一階段需要考慮的問(wèn)題，推薦基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的智能注射模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2所示。它的組成是將基于知識(shí)的模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)嵌入一個(gè)基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的環(huán)境。模具設(shè)計(jì)通常涉及復(fù)雜和多元相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題，因此缺乏一個(gè)完整的定量化和結(jié)構(gòu)化的方法?，F(xiàn)有的方法將完整的設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題打破成一系列子問(wèn)題，并且為這些字問(wèn)題的解決方案開(kāi)展知識(shí)根底。所有的設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)是有組織的七個(gè)功能模塊，它們是型腔布局設(shè)計(jì)、進(jìn)料設(shè)計(jì)、散熱設(shè)計(jì)、模具制造、模具頂出設(shè)計(jì)、模架的選擇和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的選擇。這些模塊用于生成功能設(shè)計(jì)包括型腔布局設(shè)計(jì)、進(jìn)料設(shè)計(jì)、冷卻回路、注射裝置、模具結(jié)構(gòu)和選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架及配套元件包括：

14、登記環(huán)、導(dǎo)套、導(dǎo)柱、扣件等。5.結(jié)論 本文介紹了針對(duì)注射模具設(shè)計(jì)原型網(wǎng)絡(luò)智能系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)。該系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)包括一個(gè)交互式KB模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，其被嵌入一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境。一個(gè)Java功能的解決方案與人工智能技術(shù)結(jié)合起來(lái)是用來(lái)建立這樣一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的交互式計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)。模具設(shè)計(jì)通常涉及復(fù)雜、多元相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題并且缺乏一個(gè)完整定量而且結(jié)構(gòu)化的方法。本方法將完整的設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題分解成假設(shè)干個(gè)子問(wèn)題并且為這些子問(wèn)題的解決方案開(kāi)發(fā)根底知識(shí)。該系統(tǒng)可以合并為協(xié)同產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)模塊，提供一個(gè)有效可行的工具，幫助小型和中小型企業(yè)注射模具的協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)工作，從而在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)劇烈的全球市場(chǎng)中滿足嚴(yán)格的要求。 附件2：外文原文復(fù)印件Abs

15、tractThe rapid growth of Internet and information technologies in recent years provides a solution to support and facilitate collaborative product developments among different geographically distributed enterprises. An effective and feasible tool to aid the collaborative development of injection mou

16、lds can be realized by developing an Internet-based mould design system as one of the modules of a collaborative product development system. This paper presents a prototype Internet-based intelligent design system for injection moulds. The architecture of the system consists of an interactive KB mou

17、ld design system embedded in an Internet environment. A Java-enabled solution together with artificial intelligence techniques is employed to develop such a networked interactive CAD system. In this system, the computational module, the knowledge base module and the graphic module for generating mou

18、ld features are integrated within an interactive CAD-based framework. The knowledge base of the system would be accessed by mould designers through interactive programs so that their own intelligence and experience could also be incorporated with the total mould design. The approach adopted both spe

19、eds up the design process and facilitates design standardization which in turn increases the speed of mould manufacture. A practical case study is presented to illustrate the operations of the Internet-based mould design system. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1. IntroductionPlastic, which is

20、 one of the most versatile in the modern age, is widely used in many products throughout the world. Due to its ability to produce complex -shape plastic parts with go od dimensional accuracy and very short cycle times, injection moulding has become the most important process for manufacturing plasti

21、c parts in the plastic industry today. However, the current plastics industry is under great pressure, due to the globalization of the market, the short life cycle of pro duct development, increasing product diversity, high demand of product quality. To meet such requirement s, it is very important

22、for this trade to adopt various advanced technologies which include information and Intern et technology, CAD/ CAE/C AM integration technology, concurrent engineering, artificial intelligence, and so on, to effectively aid the development of injectionmoulded product.In injection moulding, the design

23、 of a mould is of critical importance for pro duct quality and efficient processing. In most cases, quality of mould is responsible for the economics of the entire process . Injection mould design involves extensive empirical knowledge (heuristic knowledge) about the structure and functions of the c

24、omponents of the mould. Nowadays, mould design faces with increasing deadline pressures and the design its elf is predominantly ba sed upon experience of the mould designer. Mould designers are required to possess thorough and broad experience, because detailed decisions require the knowledge of the

25、 interaction among various parameters.Unfortunately, it is presently impossible to cover the growing demand for such experienced designers. Therefore, intelligent CAD tools that can assist in the various tasks of the mould design process are very important to the productivity of the mould- making in

26、dustry.The growing trend in global man ufacturing is to a large extent supported by Internet, information technologies and global marketing. Nowadays, it is common to see that design, manufacturing and final assembly of a product are made in companies located in different parts of the world . The va

27、rious parties concerned would need to share their expertise and experiences during the product development process . The current progress of Internet and information technologies can provide a solution to support and facilitate collaborative product developments among different geographic ally distr

28、ibuted enterprises . Developing an Internet-based intelligent mould design system as one of the module of a collaborative product development system can provide an effective and feasible tool to aid the collaborative development of injection moulds in the small- and medium-sized enterprises to satis

29、fy the stringent requirements of nowadays competitive global market .This paper presents an Internet-based intelligent mould design system using Internet technology and knowledge- based approach . The system can shorten the design cycle of injection mould and can effectively aid the design and devel

30、opment works of injection moulds in the small- and medium -sized enterprises to meet the increasing pressure of the current competitive world market . The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives a brief introducion of injection mould design. Section 3 introduces earlier research w

31、orks on mould design and related fields. The architecture of the Internet-based mould design system is present ed in section 4. The knowledge-based part of the mould design system is described in section 5. Section 6 discusses the development of the system. A practical design case is demonstrated in

32、 section 7. Conclusion is made in section 8.2. Injection mould designFig. 1. The general procedure of mould design1.The basic features of an injection mould consist of cavity number and layout , feed system, cooling system, ejection system and mould construction. Fig. 1 shows the general procedure o

33、f mould design1. It can be seen that how interrelated the conditions are and which boundary and secondary conditions have to be met by the main functions. A mould design project normally starts with economic considerations , namely the question of how many parts can and should be produced in one mou

34、ld in one shot in order to meet the delivery date and other requirements. This is followed by consideration of the arrangements of the cavities in the mould frame, which might directly include thoughts on the ease of ejection and subsequentl , the connection between mouldings and runners and part qu

35、ality (number , position and shape of gates). The feed system accommodates the molten plastic material coming from the injection nozzle of the moulding machine and distributes it into each cavity. To remove the heat from the moulding, it is necessary to provide the mould with a cooling system. After

36、 the moulding has solidified and cooled down, it has to be removed from the mould by the ejection system. Mould is normally constructed by stacking several metal plates to form a rigid body . It has to house various mould components in correct positions for the proper functioning of the mould. Mould

37、 construction normally involves the selection of mould bases an d standard mould parts . For complicated plastic parts, some other mechanisms such as slides, unscrewing device, etc., might also be involved in the whole mould structure.3. Related researchA number of research activities have been carr

38、ied out on mould design and its related field over the years using computer -aided techniques. These research activities range from studying specific areas of mould design to investigating mould design as a whole integrated system. They can broadly be classified into three areas: the functional and

39、initial mould designs ; the algorithms to automate mould generation ; and system development of mould design. Hui and Tan 2 presented a heuristic search app roach based on sweep operations to develop automated mould design systems for determining parting direction, parting line, side core, etc. Huan

40、g et al. 3 used solid modelling techniques to build mould plates and library of standard mould components. Chen an d Liu 4 have developed a cost model, which depicts the relationships between cost factors and product development activities as well as their relationships with product geometry, for co

41、st-effectiveness design for injection moulding. Fuetal. 5 proposed an efficient methodology which systematically presents the undercut feature definition, classification, undercut feat ure parameters, and the recognition criteria of all types of undercut features for undercut feature recognition in

42、an injection mould design system. Chenetal. 6 presented a method for determination of parting direction based on dexelmodel and fuzzy decision -making. Li JC 7 presented a neural network approach for modelling and optimization of injection mould gate parameters. Li CL 8 used a feature-based approach

43、 to design the cooling system of injection moulds . Chung and Lee 9 proposed a frame- work of collaborative design environment for injection moulding in which geographically distributed, multi- disciplinary designers can collaborate with one another. Maetal.10 described the development of a standard

44、 component library for plastic injection mould design using an object -oriented approach. Low and Lee 11 introduced a methodology of providing the initial design in 3D solid model instead of 2D drawings using the standardization method. Ashaabetal. 12 described a supporting plastic engineering devel

45、opment system to facilitate the sharing of injection moulding information and knowledge between interested parties via the Internet for the collaborative design of injection mould. Li et al. 13 used graph-based technique and developed a heuristic search algorithm to automate the layout design of pla

46、stic injection mould cooling system. Researchers have started to adopt a knowledge-based approach to solve the injection moulding and mould design problems in recent years. DT MOULD -1 14 is a KBS for of injection moulds cost estimation . EIM PPLAN-1 15 incorporated mouldability considerations into

47、part designs and addressed the conceptual design development of injection-moulded parts . CADF EED 16 was developed for injection mould design. They are, however, limited to specific design areas or simple parts, and are not mature and practical enough to cover general mould design. Bozdana and Eyer

48、cioglu 17 developed an expert system for the determination of injection moulding parameters of thermoplastic materials. Chan et al. 18 presented the basic structure of a CAD knowledge-based assisted injection mould design system which covers both the mould design process and mould knowledge manageme

49、nt. From the above review it can be seen that most of the previous work consider only certain aspects of the total design and some of them are too theoretical to be applied for practical mould design which involves a substantial practical knowledge component about functions and structure of a mould,

50、 human heuristic knowledge and empirical type of knowledge. The KB system has demonstrated great potential to assist the designer to interact with a CA D system for conceptualized design as well as the final engineering design of a mould by using engineering rules of thumb with extensive analytical

51、means. In addition, there is still relatively few research works on Internet- based intelligent system for injection mould design.4. Architecture of the Internet-based mould design system 4.1. OverviewAt the present time, most CAD systems provide only the geometric mo delling functions which facilit

52、ate the drafting operations of mould design, and do not provide mould designers with necessary knowledge to develop good mould designs . Conventional computer-aided engineering packages are usually good at data processing for information-intensive problems or at number manipulation for formulation-i

53、ntensive problems. The former comprehends the computer -aided drafting and graphics, and data reduction and transformation; while the latter involves numerical (or mathematical ) modelling and analysis. However, in design problem, especially in mould design which involves a substantial practical kno

54、wledge component about functions and structure of a mould, human heuristic knowledge and empirical type of knowledge are needed in addition to the information-intensive and formulation-intensive knowledge. Therefore, conventional computer -aided design technology is unsuitable for processing heurist

55、ic and empirical type of knowledge which is critical in the mould design problems. In general , the major advantage of the KB system for mould design over conventional computer-aided design systems is the explicit representation and manipulation of a body of knowledge, representing the hum an expert

56、ise.An Internet-based mould design system using Internet technology and knowledge-based approach can provide an effective and feasible tool to aid the collaborative development of injection moulds in the small- and medium-sized enterprises to satisfy the stringent requirements of nowadays competitiv

57、e global market. Moreover, there is a consistent need to check and update the information to ensure that the data is accurate and updated as mould manufacturers and standard components suppliers continually improve and upgrade their equipments and processes. By taking full advantage of the fast evol

58、ving computer network and information technologies, an Internet-based mould design system could have the ability to continually update and upgrade the large amount of information related to injection mould design in a prompt and convenient manner.4.2. System architecture Based on the practical mould

59、 design procedures and the issues to be considered in this stage , the architecture of an Internet-based intelligent injection mould design system is proposed as shown in Fig. 2 . It consists of a knowledge-based mould design system embedded in an Internet-based environment. Mould design generally i

60、nvolves complex and multi-related design problems and thus lacks a complete quantitative and structured approach. The present methodology has involved breaking down the complete design problem into a number of sub-problems (functional designs , e.g. feed system, cooling system, etc. ) and developing