21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫教程第二冊(cè)A-B課文翻譯及課后翻譯題

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業(yè)專心專注專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業(yè)第一單元Text A、Winston ChurchillHis Other LifeMy father, Winston Churchill, began his love affair with painting in his 40s, amid disastrous circumstances. As First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915, he had been deeply involved in a campaign in the Dardan

2、elles that could have shortened the course of a bloody world war. But when the mission failed, with great loss of life, Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privately: He was removed from the Admiralty and lost his position of political influence.我的父親溫斯頓?丘吉爾是在 40 幾歲開(kāi)始迷戀上繪畫的，當(dāng)時(shí)他正 身處逆境。1915 年，作

3、為海軍大臣，他深深地卷入了達(dá)達(dá)尼爾海峽的一 場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役。原本那次戰(zhàn)役是能夠縮短一場(chǎng)血腥的世界大戰(zhàn)的，但它卻失敗 了，人員傷亡慘重，為此丘吉爾作為公務(wù)員和個(gè)人都付出了代價(jià)：他被免去了海軍部的職務(wù)，失去了顯赫的政治地位。 Overwhelmed by the disaster I thought he would die of grief, said his wife, Clementine he retired with his family to Hoe Farm, a country retreat in Surrey. There, as Churchill later recalled, T

4、he muse of painting came to my rescue!“我本以為他會(huì)因憂傷而死的。 ”他的妻子克萊門泰因說(shuō)。被這一不 幸壓垮的他同家人一起退隱到薩里郡的一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)間居處耘鋤農(nóng)場(chǎng)。在那兒，正如丘吉爾日后所回憶的， “繪畫女神拯救了我!” One day when he was wandering in the garden, he chanced upon his sister-in-law sketching with watercolours. He watched her for a few minutes, then borrowed her brush and tri

5、ed his hand and the muse worked her magic. From that day forward, Winston was in love with painting.一天他正在花園里漫步，正巧碰上他的弟妹在用水彩畫素描。他觀 看了她幾分鐘，然后借過(guò)她的畫筆，試了一下身手于是繆斯女神施展 了她的魔法。自那天以后，溫斯頓便愛(ài)上了繪畫。Delighted with anything that distracted Winston from the dark thoughts that overwhelmed him, Clementine rushed off to

6、 buy whatever paints and materials she could find. Watercolours, oil paints, paper, canvas Hoe Farm was soon filled with everything a painter could want or need.任何能讓沉浸在憂思中的溫斯頓分心的事情都讓克萊門泰因高興。 于是，她趕緊去買來(lái)她所能找到的各種顏料和畫具。水彩顏料、油畫顏 料、紙張、帆布畫布很快耘鋤農(nóng)場(chǎng)里便堆滿了一個(gè)繪畫者可能想要或需要的各樣?xùn)|西。 Painting in oils turned out to be Wins

7、tons great love but the first steps were strangely difficult. He contemplated the blank whiteness of his first canvas with unaccustomed nervousness. He later recalled:畫油畫最終成了溫斯頓的一大愛(ài)好但是最初幾步卻出奇地艱難。 他凝視著他的第一塊空白畫布，異乎尋常地緊張。他日后回憶道：Very hesitantly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precauti

8、on made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field. At that moment I heard the sound of a motorcar in the drive and threw down my brush in a panic. I was even more alarmed when I saw who stepped from the car: the wife of Sir John Lavery, the celebrated painter who lived nearby.“我遲 疑不決地選了一

9、管藍(lán)色顏料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的畫上蠶 豆般大小的一筆。就在這時(shí)，我聽(tīng)到車道上傳來(lái)一輛汽車的聲音，于是 一份耕耘，一份收獲 答案只是參考，請(qǐng)大家努力自學(xué) 驚恐地丟下我的畫筆。當(dāng)我看清是誰(shuí)從汽車?yán)镒叱鰜?lái)時(shí)，更是驚慌失措。 來(lái)者正是住在附近的著名畫家約翰?萊佛利爵士的妻子。 Painting! she declared. What fun. But what are you waiting for? Let me have the brush the big one. She plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had sw

10、ept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas. Anyone could see it could not hit back. I hesitated no more. I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. I have never felt any fear of a canvas since.在畫畫呢!她大聲說(shuō)道。 多么有趣?？赡氵€在等什么呢? 把畫 筆給我大的

11、那支。 她猛地用筆蘸起顏料，還沒(méi)等我緩過(guò)神來(lái)，她已經(jīng) 揮筆潑墨在驚恐不已的畫布上畫下了有力的幾道藍(lán)色。誰(shuí)都看得出畫布 無(wú)法回?fù)?。我不再遲疑。我抓起那支最大的畫筆，迅猛異常地向我可憐 的犧牲品撲了過(guò)去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕過(guò)畫布。 ”Lavery, who later tutored Churchill in his art, said of his unusual pupils artistic abilities: Had he chosen painting instead of politics, he would have been a great master with the

12、brush.后來(lái)教丘吉爾畫畫的萊佛利曾經(jīng)說(shuō)起過(guò)他這位不同尋常的學(xué)生的藝 術(shù)才能： “如果他當(dāng)初選擇的是繪畫而不是政治，他定會(huì)成為一位駕馭畫 筆的大師。 ” In painting, Churchill had discovered a companion with whom he was to walk for the greater part of his life. Painting would be his comfort when, in 1921, the death of his mother was followed two months later by the loss of

13、 his and Clementines beloved three-year-old daughter, Marigold. Overcome by grief, Winston took refuge at the home of friends in Scotland and in his painting. He wrote to Clementine: I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon light with red and golden hills in the background. Many lov

14、ing thoughts Alas, I keep feeling the hurt of Marigold. 在繪畫中，丘吉爾發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)將陪他走過(guò)大半人生的伴侶。1921 年， 他的母親去世，兩個(gè)月后，他又失去了他和克萊門泰因的 3 歲愛(ài)女瑪麗 戈?duì)柕?。那時(shí)，繪畫是他的慰藉。悲痛欲絕的溫斯頓住到了蘇格蘭朋友 們的家中并在他的繪畫中尋得安慰。他寫信給克萊門泰因： “我外出畫 了一條在午后陽(yáng)光下的美麗的河流，背景是紅色和金黃色的山巒。愛(ài)憐 的思緒油然而生?啊，我一直感受到失去瑪麗戈?duì)柕碌耐闯?”Life and love and hope slowly revived. In Septembe

15、r 1922 another child was born to Clementine and Winston: myself. In the same year, Winston bought Chartwell, the beloved home he was to paint in all its different aspects for the next 40 years.生命、愛(ài)和希望慢慢地復(fù)蘇了。1922 年 9 月，克萊門泰因和溫斯頓 的另一個(gè)孩子出生了：那就是我。同年，溫斯頓買下了查特威爾，這是 他將在以后 40 年里畫出其所有不同風(fēng)貌的他所鐘愛(ài)的家。My father mu

16、st have felt a glow of satisfaction when in the mid-1920s he won first prize in a prestigious amateur art exhibition held in London. Entries were anonymous, and some of the judges insisted that Winstons picture one of his first of Chartwell was the work of a professional, not an amateur, and should

17、be disqualified. But in the end, they agreed to rely on the artists honesty and were delighted when they learned that the picture had been painted by Churchill.20 世紀(jì) 20 年代中期， 我父親在倫敦舉行的一次享有盛名的業(yè)余畫展 中贏得了一等獎(jiǎng)，當(dāng)時(shí)他一定頗為得意。參賽作品不署名，所以一些評(píng) 委堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為溫斯頓的畫有關(guān)查特威爾的第一批畫作中的一幅是一位 專業(yè)畫家而不是一位業(yè)余畫家的作品，所以應(yīng)該取消其參賽資格。但最 后，他們同意信賴那位

18、藝術(shù)家的誠(chéng)實(shí)，而在得知那幅畫為丘吉爾所作時(shí) 他們都很高興。 Historians have called the decade after 1929, when Winston again fell from office, his barren years. Politically barren they may have been, as his lonely voice struggled to awaken Britain to the menace of Hitler, but artistically those years bore abundant fruit: of the

19、500-odd Churchill canvases in existence, roughly half date from 1930 to 1939.史學(xué)家們一直把 1929 年溫斯頓再次被免職后的 10 年稱為他無(wú)所作 為的十年。也許政治上那些年（他）的確毫無(wú)作為，因?yàn)樗粋€(gè)人大聲 一份耕耘，一份收獲 答案只是參考，請(qǐng)大家努力自學(xué) 疾呼，想要喚醒英國(guó)人認(rèn)識(shí)到來(lái)自希特勒的威脅，然而響應(yīng)者寥寥無(wú)幾。 但在藝術(shù)上，那些年卻碩果累累：現(xiàn)存的 500 多幅丘吉爾的油畫中，約 有一半作于 1930 年至 1939 年之間。 Painting remained a joy to Churchill t

20、o the end of his life. Happy are the painters, he had written in his book Painting as a Pastime, for they shall not be lonely. Light and colour, peace and hope, will keep them company to the end of the day. And so it was for my father.繪畫始終是丘吉爾的一種樂(lè)趣，直到他生命的結(jié)束。 “畫家是幸福 的， ”他在他的作為一種消遣的繪畫一書中寫道， “因?yàn)樗麄儾粫?huì)孤 獨(dú)

21、。光線與色彩，寧?kù)o與希望，將終日伴隨著他們。”對(duì)我的父親來(lái)說(shuō),也是這樣。Text B、Little Sister of the PoorBy Kenneth L. Woodward 1.With a will of iron and a heart of love, Mother Teresa served the dying and desperate in India and around the world.憑著鋼鐵般的意志和一顆愛(ài)心，德肋撒嬤嬤為印度和全世界垂死和絕望的人們鞠躬盡瘁。 2.When she died last week in Calcutta just days aft

22、er her 87th birthday she was known the world over as Mother Teresa. Thin and bent, she had been hospitalized with numerous illnesses over the last two years. That night, after finishing dinner and her prayers, Mother Teresa complained of a pain in her back. “I cannot breathe,” she told a doctor summ

23、oned to her side. Moments later, she died. Shortly after, her nuns tolled a huge metal bell and some 4,000 people gathered in the rain outside among them many of the street people she had served for so long. Inside, Mother Teresas body was washed, dressed and laid on a bed of ice. One by one the nun

24、s filed past, touching her bare feet in a traditional Indian gesture of respect.當(dāng)她上周在加爾各答去世時(shí)剛剛過(guò)了87歲生日沒(méi)有幾天她被全世界的人們稱為德肋撒嬤嬤。在過(guò)去兩年里，瘦削而背駝的她因多種疾病而一直住在醫(yī)院里。那天晚上，吃過(guò)晚飯，作完祈禱之后，她訴說(shuō)她的背痛?！拔覠o(wú)法呼吸?！彼嬖V被叫到她身邊來(lái)的一位醫(yī)生。過(guò)了不一會(huì)兒，她就去世了。之后不久，她的修女們敲響了一只巨大的金屬鐘，外面，約有4,000人聚集在雨中其中有許多她曾長(zhǎng)期救助過(guò)的街頭流浪者。病房?jī)?nèi)，德肋撒嬤嬤的遺體被洗凈，穿好衣服，被安置在一張冰床上。修

25、女們排著隊(duì)一個(gè)接一個(gè)地走過(guò)去觸摸她赤裸的腳，這是印度一種傳統(tǒng)的表示敬意的動(dòng)作。3.Widely regarded as a living saint, Mother Teresa was perhaps the most admired woman in the world. When she appeared at the side of John Paul II, it was the pope who stood in the tiny nuns shadow. Although she was a Roman Catholic, her simplicity and true conc

26、ern for the dying, the abandoned and the outcast transcended the boundaries of religion and nationality. “By blood and origin I am Albanian,” she once said of herself. “My citizenship is Indian. I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world.”被眾人尊為活圣人的德肋撒嬤嬤也許是世界上最受人崇敬的女性。當(dāng)她出現(xiàn)在約翰保羅二世的身邊

27、時(shí)，是教皇站在了這位瘦小的修女的陰影之中。雖然她是一名羅馬天主教徒，但她的簡(jiǎn)樸和對(duì)垂死者、被遺棄者、流浪者的真切關(guān)懷卻超越了宗教和國(guó)籍的界限。“從血統(tǒng)和原籍講，我是阿爾巴尼亞人，”她曾這樣談到自己，“我的公民身份是印度人。我是一名天主教修女。就我的神職而言，我屬于全世界?！?.When Sister Teresa first came to India, she taught slum children in Calcutta whose parents were too poor to send them to school. The children called her Mother T

28、eresa, and that is who she became. One day, as she later recalled, she found a woman “half eaten by rats” lying in the street. She sat with her, stroking her head, until the woman died. With that experience a new vocation and a new religious order was born. She decided that her goal would be to mini

29、ster to the “unwanted, unloved and uncared for” who filled the streets and slums of her adopted city. And to that end, she gathered a small group of nuns around her.當(dāng)?shù)吕呷鲂夼谝淮蝸?lái)到印度時(shí)，她教加爾各答貧民窟里的孩子們讀書，那些孩子的父母因?yàn)樘F而無(wú)法送他們上學(xué)。孩子們叫她德肋撒嬤嬤，而她也的確成了媽媽。一天，她日后回憶道，她發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)“幾乎被老鼠吃掉的”女人躺在街上。她坐到她身邊，輕撫著她的頭，直到那女人死去。隨著這番經(jīng)歷，

30、一個(gè)新的使命也是一個(gè)新的宗教團(tuán)體誕生了。她認(rèn)定她的目標(biāo)將是照料那些在她所移居的城市街頭與貧民窟中比比皆是的“沒(méi)人要、沒(méi)人愛(ài)也沒(méi)人照顧的”人們。為了這個(gè)目標(biāo)，她在自己周圍聚集了一小批修女。5.Mother Teresas first clinic was in an old hostel that had once served pilgrims to the temple of Kali, the Hindu goddess of death. She and her nuns converted it into a shelter where the desperate people the

31、y found abandoned on the streets of Calcutta could die in peace. 德肋撒嬤嬤的第一家看護(hù)所開(kāi)在一家曾為前來(lái)朝圣印度教的死亡女神卡莉神殿的人們提供食宿的舊招待所里。她和她的修女們將它改建成一個(gè)收容所。在那兒，那些被他們發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在加爾各答街頭的身處絕境的人們得以平靜地死去。6.The clinics neighbors objected to the moans and smells, and they complained to the civil authorities. But when a police commissione

32、r arrived to close down the clinic, he was so stunned by the horror and misery that he said he would stop Mother Teresa only when the neighbors persuaded their wives and sisters to take over the work the nuns had started. None came forward.看護(hù)所的鄰居們很討厭那些呻吟聲和臭味，他們向政府當(dāng)局提出了抗議。但是，當(dāng)一名警察局長(zhǎng)趕來(lái)關(guān)閉看護(hù)所時(shí)，那恐怖凄慘的景象使

33、他深感震驚，他說(shuō)只有當(dāng)鄰居們說(shuō)服他們的妻子和姐妹來(lái)接管修女們發(fā)起的工作時(shí)，他才會(huì)阻止德肋撒嬤嬤。沒(méi)有人站出來(lái)。 7.Building shelters for the dying was Mother Teresas signature service. Poverty was her chosen way of life. When Pope Paul VI gave her an expensive car that he had used during a visit to Calcutta in 1964, she sold it without ever stepping insid

34、e and used the money to build a clinic in West Bengal.為臨終的人們建立收容所是德肋撒嬤嬤的標(biāo)志性貢獻(xiàn)。 貧窮是她選擇的生活方式。 當(dāng)教皇保羅六世把他在1964年訪問(wèn)加爾各答期間用過(guò)的一輛昂貴的汽車送給她時(shí)， 她未曾跨入車內(nèi)就把它賣了， 用這筆錢在西孟加拉邦建立了一個(gè)看護(hù)所。8.Today, Mother Teresas order numbers more than 4,500 nuns, with 550 centers in 126 countries. Their range of concerns has also expanded

35、 to include AIDS patients, drug addicts and victims of domestic violence. Led by Mother Teresa, the sisters have fed the hungry in Ethiopia, treated radiation victims at Chernobyl and helped families made homeless by an earthquake in America. 今天，德肋撒嬤嬤的修道會(huì)已有4 500多名修女和遍布126個(gè)國(guó)家的550個(gè)中心。他們所關(guān)注的范圍也已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展到收容愛(ài)

36、滋病患者、吸毒成癮者和家庭暴力的受害者。在德肋撒嬤嬤的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，修女們?cè)鵀榘Ｈ肀葋喌酿嚸裉峁┦称?，為切爾諾貝利的輻射受害者治病，并向美國(guó)一次地震后無(wú)家可歸的家庭提供援助。9.None of this was achieved through prayer alone. Mother Teresa possessed iron resolve and her tireless efforts to gain support for her clinics proved nearly irresistible. Church authorities and civil authorities ga

37、ve way to her arguments; chiefs of state who wanted to be identified with her work paid her visits and even begged her to establish clinics in their countries. She accepted celebrity as the price of expanding her missionary outreach. 這中間， 沒(méi)有一件事是僅僅通過(guò)祈禱完成的。德肋撒嬤嬤有著鐵一般堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的決心， 她為贏得人們對(duì)其看護(hù)所的支持所作的不懈努力幾乎令人無(wú)法抗

38、拒。教會(huì)當(dāng)局和政府當(dāng)局屈服于她的論辯； 想要參與其工作的國(guó)家元首們拜訪她甚至懇請(qǐng)她在他們的國(guó)家設(shè)立看護(hù)所。她接受名望只是以此為代價(jià)來(lái)擴(kuò)大其神職活動(dòng)的范圍。10.As her fame grew, so did her honors. Among the most significant were the Bharat Ratna, or Jewel of India that countrys highest civilian award and the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. At her request, the Nobel committee skipped th

39、e usual lavish dinner for the prizewinner, and gave the money to the poor. 隨著她的聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)，她的榮譽(yù)也與日俱增。其中最重要的是“蓮花主”勛章或稱“印度的寶石”獎(jiǎng)該國(guó)最高的平民獎(jiǎng)以及1979年的諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。應(yīng)她的要求，諾貝爾委員會(huì)取消了通常為獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吲e行的盛大宴會(huì)，把錢捐給了窮人們。11.But Mother Teresa also had her critics. Advocates of womens rights protested her steady fight against both abortion an

40、d birth control. There were medical authorities who said her work let governments ignore their responsibilities toward the poorest members of society. Even the Catholic Church was sometimes uneasy about her independent ways. But to the millions of Indians who called her Mother, and to the millions m

41、ore who deeply admired her countless acts of mercy, Mother Teresa lit a path to saintliness and invited others to follow it. 但是也有人批評(píng)德肋撒嬤嬤。 婦女權(quán)利的倡導(dǎo)者們對(duì)于她堅(jiān)決反對(duì)墮胎和節(jié)育提出了抗議。有些醫(yī)學(xué)權(quán)威說(shuō)她的工作使一些國(guó)家的政府忽視了它們對(duì)社會(huì)最貧窮成員應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。連天主教會(huì)有時(shí)也對(duì)她獨(dú)立的行事方式感到不安。但是對(duì)于千百萬(wàn)稱她為媽媽的印度人來(lái)說(shuō)， 對(duì)于千百萬(wàn)深深崇敬她的無(wú)數(shù)善行的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，德肋撒嬤嬤點(diǎn)亮了一條通往圣潔的道路，并邀請(qǐng)他人跟隨。第二單元 Te

42、xt A、Why They ExcelKim-Chi Trinh was just nine when her father used his savings to buy a passage for her on a fishing boat that would carry her from Vietnam. It was a heartbreaking and costly sacrifice for the family, placing Kim-Chi on the small boat, among strangers, in hopes that she would eventu

43、ally reach the United States, where she would get a good education and enjoy a better life.當(dāng)鄭金枝的父親用積蓄的錢為她買了一張票讓她乘上一條將帶她離開(kāi)越南的漁船時(shí)她才9歲。對(duì)這個(gè)家庭來(lái)說(shuō)將金枝送上小船置身于陌生人中間是一種令人心碎、代價(jià)昂貴的犧牲。他們只愿她最終能到達(dá)美國(guó)在那兒受到良好的教育，享受更美好的生活。 It was a hard journey for the little girl, and full of risks. Long before the boat reached safety

44、, the supplies of food and water ran out. When Kim-Chi finally made it to the US, she had to cope with a succession of three foster families. But when she graduated from San Diegos Patrick Henry High School in 1988, she had straight As and scholarship offers from some of the most prestigious univers

45、ities in the country.對(duì)小女孩來(lái)說(shuō)這是一次充滿危險(xiǎn)的艱苦旅程。 在小船到達(dá)安全之地以前很久食物和水的貯備已經(jīng)用完。當(dāng)金枝最終到達(dá)美國(guó)后她又不得不同一連3個(gè)收養(yǎng)家庭相處。但是當(dāng)她1998年從圣地亞哥的帕特里克?亨利中學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)，她取得了全優(yōu)的成績(jī)以及這個(gè)國(guó)家最享盛名的幾所大學(xué)提供的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。I have to do well, says the 19-year-old, now a second-year student at Cornell University. I owe it to my parents in Vietnam.“我必須取得好成績(jī)”這個(gè)現(xiàn)為康奈爾大學(xué)二年級(jí)學(xué)

46、生的19歲姑娘說(shuō)“這樣我才對(duì)得起在越南的父母。” Kim-Chi is part of a wave of bright, highly - motivated Asian - Americans who are suddenly surging into our best colleges. Although Asian - Americans make up only 2.4 percent of the nations population, they constitute 17.1 percent of the undergraduates at Harvard, 18 percent

47、 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 27.3 percent at the University of California at Berkeley.金枝是一群聰明伶俐、積極進(jìn)取的美籍亞裔中的一員他們正突然潮水般地涌入我們最好的大學(xué)。雖然美籍亞裔只占全國(guó)人口的2.4%但他們?cè)诠鸬谋究粕袇s占了17.1%，在麻省理工學(xué)院占了18%在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校占了27.3%。 Why are Asian - Americans doing so well? Are they grinds, as some stereotypes sugge

48、st? Do they have higher IQs? Or can we learn a lesson from them about values we have long treasured but may have misplaced like hard work, the family and education?為什么美籍亞裔的成績(jī)這樣優(yōu)秀呢? 他們是否像一些陳舊的看法所暗示的那樣是些埋頭用功的學(xué)生? 他們是否有更高的智商? 或者在我們一向珍視但也許已經(jīng)丟失的價(jià)值觀如敬業(yè)、家庭和教育等方面我們是否可以向他們學(xué)到一些有用的東西呢? Not all Asians are doing

49、equally well; poorly - educated Cambodian refugee children, for instance, often need special help. And many Asian - Americans resent being labeled a model minority, feeling that this is reverse discrimination by white Americans a contrast to the laws that excluded most Asian immigrants from the US u

50、ntil 1965, but prejudice nevertheless.并非所有的亞裔人都學(xué)得一樣好比如沒(méi)受過(guò)什么教育的柬埔寨難民的孩子就常常需要特殊的幫助。許多美籍亞裔人不喜歡被稱為“模范的少數(shù)民族”他們感到這是美國(guó)白人的逆向歧視雖與1965年以前排斥大多數(shù)亞洲移民進(jìn)入美國(guó)的法律截然不同但仍是一種偏見(jiàn)。 The young Asians achievements have led to a series of fascinating studies. Perhaps the most disturbing results come from the research carried ou

51、t by a University of Michigan psychologist, Harold W. Stevenson, who has compared more than 7,000 students in kindergarten, first grade, third grade and fifth grade in Chicago and Minneapolis with counterparts in Beijing, Taipei and Sendai. On a battery of math tests, the Americans did worst at all

52、grade levels.亞裔年輕人的成績(jī)已經(jīng)引發(fā)了一系列引人注目的研究。也許最令人不安的結(jié)果來(lái)自于密歇根大學(xué)心理學(xué)家哈羅德?W?斯蒂文森進(jìn)行的研究。他將芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯7000多名幼兒園、一年級(jí)、三年級(jí)和五年級(jí)的學(xué)生同他們?cè)诒本?、臺(tái)北和仙臺(tái)的同級(jí)伙伴作了比較。在一組數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試中美國(guó)學(xué)生在所有的年級(jí)層次上都考得最差。Stevenson found no differences in IQ. But if the differences in performance are showing up in kindergarten, it suggests something is happeni

53、ng in the family, even before the children get to school.斯蒂文森沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)智商上的差別。 但是如果成績(jī)上的差異在幼兒園就開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn)那就表明事情出在家庭中甚至是在孩子們上學(xué)之前。 It is here that various researchers different studies converge: Asian parents are motivating their children better. The bottom line is, Asian kids work hard, Stevenson says.正是在這一點(diǎn)上各研究者

54、的不同研究趨于了一致亞洲的父母在激發(fā)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力方面做得更好?！皼Q定的因素是亞洲孩子學(xué)習(xí)努力?！彼沟傥纳f(shuō)。 The real question, then, is how Asian parents imbue their offspring with this kind of motivation. Stevensons study suggests a critical answer. When asked why they think their children do well, most Asian parents said hard work. By contrast, Ame

55、rican parents said talent.接下來(lái)真正要弄清的問(wèn)題是亞洲父母是如何將這種學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力灌輸給他們的后代的。 斯蒂文森的研究提出了一個(gè)重要的答案。當(dāng)被問(wèn)及他們認(rèn)為他們的孩子為什么學(xué)得好時(shí)大多數(shù)亞洲父母說(shuō)是“用功”。而美國(guó)父母則說(shuō)是“天賦”。 From what I can see, criticizes Stevenson, weve lost our faith in the idea that we can all get ahead in life through hard work. Instead, Americans now believe that some ki

56、ds have what it takes and some dont. So we start dividing up classes intofast learnersandslow learners, whereas the Chinese and Japanese feel all children can succeed in the same curriculum.“依我看”斯蒂文森說(shuō)“對(duì)于我們都能通過(guò)艱苦努力在生活中取得成功的觀念我們已經(jīng)不再相信。相反美國(guó)人現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為有的孩子具備成功所必需的素質(zhì)而有的孩子則不具備。于是我們開(kāi)始把班級(jí)分為快班和慢班而中國(guó)人和日本人則認(rèn)為所有的孩子都能

57、在同一課程中成功?！盩his belief in hard work is the first of three main factors contributing to Asian students outstanding performance. It springs from Asians common heritage of Confucianism, the philosophy of the 5th-century-BC Chinese sage whose teachings have had a profound influence on Chinese society. On

58、e of Confuciuss primary teachings is that through effort, people can perfect themselves.這種對(duì)于勤奮的信念是促成亞洲學(xué)生成績(jī)突出的三大要素中的第一個(gè)。它來(lái)源于亞洲人共同的儒教傳統(tǒng)即公元前5世紀(jì)那位中國(guó)圣人的哲學(xué)思想他的教義對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響?？追蜃拥闹饕塘x之一是人們通過(guò)努力能夠完善自我。Confucianism provides another important ingredient in the Asians success as well. In Confucian philosophy,

59、the family plays a central role an orientation that leads people to work for the honor of the family, not just for themselves. One can never repay ones parents, and theres a sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force among Asians as Protestant philosophy is in the West.儒教也為亞洲人的成功提供了

60、另一個(gè)要素。在孔夫子的哲學(xué)中家庭起著最重要的作用這種定向引導(dǎo)人們?yōu)榧彝サ臉s譽(yù)而學(xué)習(xí)工作而不僅僅是為了他們自己。一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法報(bào)答他的父母而且在亞洲人中間還有一種責(zé)任感、乃至負(fù)罪感這是一種如同新教哲學(xué)在西方一樣的強(qiáng)大力量。 Theres yet another major factor in this bond between Asian parents and their children. During the 15 years I lived in China, Japan, and Vietnam, I noticed that Asian parents establish a clo