現在完成時講解課件 (2)

1、上一頁現在完成時下一頁主菜單現在完成時 主菜單上一頁下一頁現在完成時的構成現在完成時的主要用法現在完成時的時間狀語瞬時性動詞與時間段的關系have been 與have gone 比較與一般過去時的用法比較 現在完成時的構成主菜單上一頁下一頁have (has）+ 過去分詞現在完成時的主要用法上一頁下一頁- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關了,對現在造成的結果是:現在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free(我已經完成了家庭作業(yè),對現在造成的結果是

2、很有空)主菜單1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。 上一頁下一頁I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經學了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現在還在學)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經游泳了半個小時(半個小時前已經開始游泳,到現在還在游)現在完成時的主要用法主菜單2.表示過去已經開始, 持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài).常與since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，so far 等時間狀語連用?，F在完成時的主要用法1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。 2.

3、表示過去已經開始, 持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài),現在完成時的時間狀語常與already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 連用上一頁下一頁主菜單瞬時性動詞與時間段的關系 瞬時性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。上一頁下一頁為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應

4、的延續(xù)性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。主菜單 become be, begin be on, borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from), Open- be open close- be closedEnd- be over下一頁上一頁主菜單 但在否定句中，瞬時性動詞可以與時間段連用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year.

5、 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。上一頁下一頁主菜單 翻 譯 練 習： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.W

6、W下一頁上一頁主菜單 3.他已經回來三天了。 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一頁上一頁主菜單have been 與have g

7、one 的用法比較 have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經到過某處，但現在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經去了某地，現在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”上一頁下一頁主菜單 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to

8、Nanjing. 她已經去南京了。上一頁下一頁主菜單與一般過去時的用法比較一.現在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調事情與現在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現在的結果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現在等）;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現在沒有關系。 上一頁下一頁主菜單eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。上一頁下一頁 第一句用現在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He boug

9、ht an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現在他是否有這本字典并未強 調說明。主菜單二當有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現在完成時，而用一般過去時: 上一頁下一頁eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現在完成時連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 .

10、Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜單三常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語:上一頁下一頁yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(剛才)， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜單上一頁現在完成時練習主菜單動 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) tha

11、t already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasn

12、t she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一頁上一頁主菜單選用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen eac

13、h other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁上一頁主菜單用Have been to, have gone t

14、o, have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for

15、 you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一頁上一頁主菜單改 錯1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has

16、 gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單The house is dirty. We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you

17、waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had

18、 been planning D have been planning6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , he was_ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts (1