高考應(yīng)試策略ppt課件

1、高考應(yīng)試要覽 主講人: 北京師范大學(xué)亞太實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校 劉建國(guó)試卷知識(shí)題的命題原那么：普通遵照三個(gè)原那么：1保證覆蓋面廣，即調(diào)查英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法、詞匯方面的根底知識(shí)；范圍不超出我國(guó)中學(xué)通用的英語(yǔ)課本，題量盡能夠大，覆蓋而盡能夠?qū)挘?盡能夠添加綜合化的要素，為了保證題量和覆蓋面，言語(yǔ)知識(shí)題普通以單項(xiàng)方式為主，但也采用一些綜合題，如完形填空題。3盡能夠添加語(yǔ)境化的要素，高考英語(yǔ)試卷的言語(yǔ)知識(shí)題普通都參與一些語(yǔ)境化的要素。例如，完形填空題和短文改錯(cuò)題本身就有上下文的語(yǔ)篇。聽力試題如何提高聽力才干和做好聽力測(cè)試一、把握特點(diǎn)，捕捉信息1、現(xiàn)實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)W：Would you like some hot coffee

2、 or tea?M:I like them both,but Id rather have something cold.Q:What does the man want to drink?A:Something cold.B:Coffee.C:Tea.2、數(shù)字M：Did Joans mother take her to the hospital once a week?W：Yes.She and Joan made the 90-mile round trip once a week.Q：How far was their home from the hospital? A：Ninety m

3、iles.B：Forty-five miles.C：One hundred and eighty miles.3、地點(diǎn)M:Hello,Tom.This is Jack at the office.Is Mike at home?W:No,Jack.Hes in class now. Hell be home for lunch though.Q:Where is Jack now?A:He is at the office.B:He is in class.C:He is at home.4、職業(yè)、人物身份和關(guān)系W:Jack sent you a present yesterday.M:I g

4、ot to one from John,not from Jack.Q:Who did the man get a present from?A:From Mike.B:From Jack.C:From John.二、掌握技巧，事半功倍1、放松心境，確定測(cè)試要點(diǎn)舍得，有舍才有得。迅速掃讀聽力測(cè)試標(biāo)題和備選工程，做到事先有思想預(yù)備，再有的放矢地聽。2、做好筆記，把握細(xì)節(jié)。用本人熟習(xí)的符號(hào)來縮寫3、留意特殊句型，把握關(guān)鍵詞。1副詞too的一詞多義景象。Catherine was too young to join in the sea journey. You are too kind to he

5、lp me. One cant be too careful in learning a foreign language. (2)連詞since一詞多義景象。 It is two years since he joined the army. -How did you like the party? -Wonderful.Its too years since I enjoyed. (3)Your writing was considered as good as Dianas. Both your writing and Dianas were not bad. Your writing

6、was almost the same as Dianas.(4)Bill didnt attend Marys birthday party because Jack was present. Jack was present at Marys party so Bill didnt attend. Bill attended Marys birthday not because Jack was present. 另外，要留意一些表示否認(rèn)意義的關(guān)鍵詞、詞組，如：no,not,never,seldom,hardly,doubt,neither, tooto,little,few,unhapp

7、y等。另外，考生應(yīng)了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的含義，掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的各種句型及在詳細(xì)語(yǔ)境下的運(yùn)用對(duì)了解聽力資料很有幫助。4、聽清主題句，把握中心思想。主題句往往是一篇聽力資料的中心思想。根據(jù)主題句，可以推斷“話中話或“弦外之音。單項(xiàng)選擇 從統(tǒng)計(jì)的情況來看,高考單項(xiàng)選擇題的特點(diǎn):涉及面越來越廣,考點(diǎn)越來越細(xì),涉及幾乎一切知識(shí)點(diǎn);但整體上單項(xiàng)選擇題難度不大,普通以根底題為主,考試的重點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、從句狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句等；一切考點(diǎn)是以辯析方式調(diào)查的。一、交際用語(yǔ)：主要調(diào)查日常生活用語(yǔ)，涉及面比較廣，但難度小。-Im interested in that

8、 beautiful MP4 player.How much do you charge for it?-$150.And its of the value.-Well,_,but I cant afford it. Thank you anyway.please lower the price B. its really niceits worth that D. thats too dear二、名詞：主要調(diào)查名詞的辯析、單復(fù)數(shù)及主謂一致問題。Bill was doing a lot of physical exerciseto build up his _ .ability B.force

9、 C.strength D.mind三、動(dòng)詞： 主要有兩種方式: 一是動(dòng)詞的辯析； 二是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辯析。1、-How about eight oclock outside the cinema? -That _ me fine. A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits2、Without my glasses, I couldnt _ whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight.A. make out B. make up C. make for D. make off四、動(dòng)詞時(shí)

10、態(tài)： ：八種時(shí)態(tài)。-What would you do if it _ tomorrow?-We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.A. rain B. rains C.will rain D.is raining五、動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主要包括：普通如今時(shí)的、普經(jīng)過去時(shí)的、普通未來時(shí)的、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)的、如今完成時(shí)的和帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Weve been told the good news , but when and where to go for the exciting on-salary vocation _ yet.

11、A. are not discussed B. have not been discussedC. is not being discussed D. has not been discussed六、動(dòng)詞不定式：在句子中可做許多成分。Arent the fans crazy to have waited outside in the rain for more than three hours just _ a look at their favorite singers?A. had B.having C.to have D.have七、過去分詞：You should understand

12、the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough.explaining B. to explain C. explain D.explained八、如今分詞： A new law will go into effect on August 1st. According to this law, people found _ “harmfuladvertisements in the streets will be punished strictly.putting up B.to put up C. being putting up D.

13、having put up九、動(dòng)名詞：常見的動(dòng)詞有：allow,admit,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,miss,practice,succeed,suggest;動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有： devoteto, feel like, prevent/stop/keepfrom,put off,set about, spendon,think of,其它短語(yǔ)：What/how aboutI hope you dont mind _ you all this.A. to tell B.to have toldC. to be telling D.my tellin

14、g 十、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：主要調(diào)查：辯析、時(shí)態(tài)、和動(dòng)詞完成式搭配的特殊用法及涵義。Tom, you _leave all your clothes on the floor like this!A.wouldnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not十一、描畫詞：主要調(diào)查：描畫詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)描畫詞之間的排序、描畫詞的原級(jí)的比較、比較級(jí)的比較和最高級(jí)的比較以及描畫詞的辯析等。To all the famous artists surprise, the unknown womans two _ paintings are also on show in the art exhibition

15、.little blue oil B. blue little oil C. oil blue little D. little oil blueIf it is quite _ to you , I will visit you next Tuesday.A. convenient B.fair C. easy D.confortable十二、副詞：主要調(diào)查有：副詞的辯析和副詞短語(yǔ)的辯析。It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them _ .properly B.repeatedly C.clearly D. usua

16、lly十三、介詞：主要調(diào)查：固定搭配和詳細(xì)句子中的辯析。1、No one helped me. I did it all _ myself. A.for B. by C.from D.to2、We hadnt planned to meet. We met _ chance. A. of B. in C. for D. by 十四、冠詞：主要調(diào)查它們的常見用法。-How many people are still leading _ life under _ poverty line in the world?-Perhaps one fourth,according to the repor

17、t.A.the; 不填 B. a; the C. a; a D.不填 ；the十五、代詞：This skirt is too small for me. Would you show me _ one ?the other B.another C. other D. one another十六、并列連詞：四種并列連詞：遞進(jìn)式：and,bothand,notonlybutalso, neithernor,etc轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)式：but, however選擇式：or, eitheror, otherwise因果式：so, and-I dont like chicken _ fish.-I dont like

18、 chicken,_, I like fish very much.and, and B. and, but C. or, and D.or, but 十七、主謂一致1、In the Wai Wen Bookshop _ to be found books in various languages.is B. are C.being D.was2、The singer and dancer _ speaking at the meeting.A. Is B.were C.are D. be十八、狀語(yǔ)從句：主要調(diào)查對(duì)句意的了解。Id like to arrive 20 minutes early

19、 _ I can have time for a cup of tea.A.as soon as B.as a resultC. In case D.so that 十九、定語(yǔ)從句：關(guān)鍵是分析關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在從句中的成分。內(nèi)容有：一是關(guān)系代詞之間的區(qū)別；二是關(guān)系副詞和在句子中的成分；三是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞之間的關(guān)系。 I have many friends,_ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C.who of D.of whom二十、名詞性從句：包括：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句 和同位語(yǔ)從句。1、Little Tommy wa

20、s reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.that B.how C. where D. what2、-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B.when C.what D.where二十一、倒裝句：主要調(diào)查部分倒裝和全部倒裝。部分倒裝根本構(gòu)造：狀語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)；全部倒裝根本構(gòu)造：狀語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)名詞；或狀語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)代詞名詞+謂語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞。1、A

21、fter the whistle rang, the coach appeared in the field. Behind him _ the team wearing black and white suits. A.had B. walked C.was followed D. led2、Not only _ give people relaxation and pleasure, but _ increase their knowledge of any kind.Can travel; it can B. travel can; can itC. Can travel; can it

22、 D. travel can; it can二十二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句：根本構(gòu)成：It be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who(僅用于人)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分以外的其他部分。(1)It was 4 p.m when Mr.Johnson came back home from the press conference.(2)It was at 4 p.m that Mr.Johnson came back home from the press conference.二十三、it用法：主要是作方式主語(yǔ)和方式賓語(yǔ)。Young man, if you hurry up, I think _ quite _ that

23、 you will catch the next train.A. that; probably B. this; certainlyC.it; likely D.you; nearly 二十四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣難度較大-If he _, he _ that food.-Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned, would not takeB. had been warned, would not have takenC. would be warned, had not takenD.would have been

24、 warned, had not taken二十五、慣用法 主要是調(diào)查一些習(xí)慣性搭配并且和交際用語(yǔ)一 起調(diào)查。 -Itll take at least 2 hours to do this! -Oh, _! I could do it in 30 minutes. A. come on B.pardon me C. you are right D.dont mention it 完形填空Cloze Test)本卷須知考生應(yīng)該充分利用上下文，注重行文邏輯，強(qiáng)調(diào)文段整體性閱讀。完形填空題主要調(diào)查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體了解詳細(xì)調(diào)查單詞、短語(yǔ)在詳細(xì)語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。完形填空例題 An elderly build

25、er was ready to retire. He told his employer of his plans to leave the house building _(1)_and live a more comfortable life with his wife.He would miss the pay-check, but he needed to _(2)_.They could manage. The employer was _(3)_to see his good worker go and asked if he could build _(4)_ one moreh

26、ouse as a personal _(5)_. The builder said yes, but at that time it was easy to see that his _(6)_ was not in his work. He built it carelessly and used poor materials. It was a(n) _(7)_way to end his career(working life). When the builder _(8)_ his work, the employer came and _(9)_ the front-door ke

27、y to the builder. “This is your house, he said, “my _(10)_ to you. What a shock!What a _(11)_! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all _(12)_. Now he had to live in the home he had built none too _(13)_ . So it is with us. Sometimes we build our lives carelessly

28、, willing to put up less than the best. At important points we do not give the job our best _(14)_ . Then with a shock we look at the situation we have _(15)_ and find that we are now living in the house we have built . If we had realized, we would have done it differently. Think of yourself as the

29、_(16)_ . Think about your house. Each day you _(17)_ a nail,place a board, or set up a wall. Build wisely. It is the only life you will ever build. Even if you live it for only one day more, that day is worthy to be lived well. Life is a do-it-yourself _(18)_ . Who could say it more clearly? Your li

30、fe today is the _(19)_ of your attitudes and choices in the _(20)_.(1) A.matter B. trade C.business D.industry(2) A. work B.retire C. live D.stay(3) A. happy B.anxious C.angry D.sorry(4)A. just B.yet C.even D.still(5)A. question B. favor C.job D.idea(6)A.brain B. hand C.heart D.aim(7)A.unfortunate B

31、. quick C.uneasy D.direct(8)A.started B. continued C. quitted D.finished(9)A.dropped B. handed C.threw D.sent(10)A. wish B. prize C.gift D.benefit(11)A.surprise B.joy C.shame D. disappointment(12)A.differently B.eagerly C.hardly D. willingly(13)A.badly B. well Cfortably D.awfully(14)A. effect B.effo

32、rt C.strength D. power(15) A. created B.met C.seen D. got(16)A. employer B. dreamer C.builder D. creator(17)A. hammer B.pull C.press D. force(18)A. way B.interest C.practice D. project(19)A. result B.end C.answer D. reply(20)A. future B.present C.past D. moment一、題型分析完形填空作為一種綜合性的測(cè)試題型，它覆蓋了詞匯、語(yǔ)法、閱讀了解、書

33、面表達(dá)等考試目標(biāo)的全部?jī)?nèi)容。二、答題要領(lǐng)1、快速通讀全文，掌握短文主旨大意。2、抓住構(gòu)造、語(yǔ)義及邏輯三條線索，推斷和預(yù) 測(cè)選項(xiàng)。3、特別留意詞組、習(xí)語(yǔ)和句型的積累、 同義詞的辯析以及生活常識(shí)的運(yùn)用。4、選擇填完后，通讀短文，仔細(xì)檢查連 詞、副詞的運(yùn)用。5、解答試題的時(shí)候，可利用直接法、排 除法和比較等選擇正確答案。閱讀了解閱讀了解的特點(diǎn) 1、閱讀了解主要是獲取信息，是了解的前提和手段，了解是分析、加工和處置信息，是閱讀的目的和結(jié)果。2、全面調(diào)查考生的記憶、識(shí)別、換算、判別推理、邏輯思想、分析歸納、概括總結(jié)、猜測(cè)詞義等才干。3、問題設(shè)置主要是現(xiàn)實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)、主旨大意標(biāo)題大意、綜合判別、猜測(cè)詞義等。做閱

34、讀了解題步驟：1、了解主旨要義2、了解文中詳細(xì)信息3、根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞的詞義4、作出簡(jiǎn)單判別和推理5、了解文章的根本構(gòu)造6、了解作者的意圖和態(tài)度特別留意：做閱讀了解時(shí)，可以先看標(biāo)題測(cè)試內(nèi)容，然后再看文段，帶著問題去閱讀。也可以先看完文段，然后再做題；還可以將兩者結(jié)合起來，邊看邊做，邊做邊看。 本人去選擇何種方法。閱讀了解例題 Some experts feel that cars are certain to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all cars will be deserte

35、d and made useless. Other experts,however, think the car is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of city travel in the foreseeable future. The car will undoubted change greatly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer,and more practical, and should not be p

36、owered by the gas engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Useless changes take place in the power system,the car in the future will be the main problem in city traffic jams. One suggested solution to this essential problem is the automated system, which se

37、ems to hold water. When the car enters the highway system, a small arm will drop from the car and connect with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once joined to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system,and control of the car will pass to

38、a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements. The driver will use the telephone to dial instructions about his position and the place he heads for into the system. The computer will find the best way and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from t

39、he highway. The driver will be free to relax and wait for the call that will warn him of his coming exit. It is believed that an automated highway will be able to deal with 10,000 cars per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 cars that can be carried by a present-day highway.1、What is the main con

40、cern of the author of the passage?A. How to make cars pollution-free.B. How to make cars smaller and safer.C. How to solve the problem of traffic jam.D. How to develop an automated subway system.2 、 We can infer from this passage that _.the car connected to the rail on the highway will be powered by

41、 electricity the lack of oil is forcing people to find new means to power automobilesthe driver under the system will be told where to get out of the highwaythe future car will become larger,faster,prettier and less expensive3 、What provides cars with electric power in an automated highway system?A.

42、 An engine. B. A rail . C. A computer controller. D. A small arm4 、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?The driver puts his information in the system by .The new system can deal with 10 times as many cars as the present one.After entering the automated system, the drive

43、r needs to do nothing but relax himself.Some experts are not confident of the future, while the author is in favor of opposite view.短文改錯(cuò)本卷須知短文改錯(cuò)偏重調(diào)查根底語(yǔ)法知識(shí)；需求從整體把握文章脈絡(luò)，特別要留意句與句的關(guān)系；做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)要充分利用上下文，留意作者的行文思緒。主要涉及一、必考題：1、句子成分殘缺；2、詞語(yǔ)多余；3、句子正確。二、相關(guān)性錯(cuò)誤：1、名詞錯(cuò)誤單數(shù)名詞改為復(fù)數(shù)名詞是短文改錯(cuò)的常見考點(diǎn)之一！2、描畫詞錯(cuò)誤描畫詞-描畫詞；描畫詞-副詞3、副詞錯(cuò)

44、誤副詞-副詞； 副詞-描畫詞4、介詞錯(cuò)誤固定搭配或特殊用法錯(cuò)誤5、連詞錯(cuò)誤三類：一是并列連詞之間的誤用；二是從屬連詞之間的誤用；三是從屬連詞和并列連詞之間的誤用。6、冠詞錯(cuò)誤主要有：不定冠詞a和不定冠詞an之間的誤用; 定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an的誤用； 冠詞多余或句子成份殘缺。7、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤一是動(dòng)詞原形-動(dòng)詞過去式二是動(dòng)詞過去式-動(dòng)詞原形8、分詞錯(cuò)誤一是如今分詞-過去分詞二是過去分詞-如今分詞9、代詞錯(cuò)誤需求搞清楚代詞的種類和在句子中的主要成分。10、動(dòng)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤一是動(dòng)詞原形-動(dòng)名詞或如今分詞或過去分詞或添加to;二是動(dòng)名詞或如今分詞或過去分詞-動(dòng)詞原形，或去掉to。11、主謂一致錯(cuò)誤

45、一是名詞單復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致；二是動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。短文改錯(cuò)例文I often dream of a teacher.I dream of standing on the 1 . _platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys 2. _and girls. I teach them, play with them, but watch them 3. _Growing up. I am always young when I was staying 4. _With them.I know th

46、ere is not easy to be a teacher.You 5._Have to learnin order to teach.Without enough knowledges 6._You can never learn well.What is more,you have to 7._Be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 8._Only in his way can you be a good teacher and win 9._Respect from them.Though I am a stude

47、nt now.I willWork as very hard to make my dream come true. 10. _ 書面表達(dá)規(guī)定寫作要求考生根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)?？忌鷳?yīng)能：準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法和詞匯，使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、銜接地表達(dá)本人的意思。書面表達(dá)提示有三種情形：一、文字型提示二、圖表型提示三、圖畫型提示2005年全國(guó)高考書面表達(dá)一覽地區(qū)寫作內(nèi)容載體文體全國(guó)一卷有關(guān)北京動(dòng)物園是否應(yīng)該遷出市區(qū)的討論 圖表型說明文全國(guó)二卷詢問去倫敦旅游行程安排 圖表型應(yīng)用文（書信）北京卷向外國(guó)學(xué)生說明暑期來華后的生活安排 圖畫型應(yīng)用文（書信）上海卷通過一則事例證明“天生我材必有用” 文字型議論文書面表達(dá)