英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳解課件

1、Modal Verb（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） -kelly情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在英文中主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的看法、態(tài)度等。從用法上來(lái)說(shuō)，它有這樣幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1）各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞自身都有一定的詞義。2）不能在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，與后面的動(dòng)詞原形合成謂語(yǔ)。也沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中不受任何人稱,數(shù)變化的影響。4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接的不定式（除ought外）都不帶to ，即接動(dòng)詞原形。英文中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有：can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ，另外，shall , will , should , would在一定的

2、場(chǎng)合也可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 表示能力, 指有能力做某事, 譯為“能夠”。-Can you use chopsticks?-He is only four, but he can read.-In the past, people could not count as we do now. (could表示過(guò)去的能力)與be able to的區(qū)別: 時(shí)態(tài)can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí), 而be able to有更多形式。can / could的用法 與be able to的區(qū)別: 成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作, 用was/were able to=managed to do/succeeded in d

3、oing表示經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力, 終于能夠完成某事。 -The fire spread through the building quickly, but everyone was able to get out. can / could的用法 考點(diǎn)聚焦區(qū)別補(bǔ)充 助動(dòng)詞后只用be able toThey will _ tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后只用be able to 。They may _ do it . be able to be able to 考點(diǎn)練兵1.They _tell you the news soon. A. will be

4、 able to B can C could 2. The boy _ play the piano very well ，when he was seven . A. will be able to B can C could 2. 表示請(qǐng)求或允許, 譯為“可否”。-Can/Could you turn down the radio? (Could較客氣)-You can leave it to me.-He asked me if he could use my mobile phone.回答:Yes, you can. (肯定)No, you cant. (否定)can / could的

5、用法 3. 表示推測(cè), 含驚訝、懷疑的語(yǔ)氣, 只用在疑問(wèn)、否定、感嘆句中。-Its so late. Can Tom be reading? (疑問(wèn))-It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill. (否定)-How can you be so careless! (感嘆)can / could的用法 考點(diǎn)聚焦4. cannot too譯為“無(wú)論怎樣也不為過(guò); 越越好”。-You cannot be too careful while driving a car on such a dark night.can / could的用法 考點(diǎn)聚焦 表示許可。= be al

6、lowed to do-You may go now.-May/Might I dance with you?回答:Yes, you may/can.No, you mustnt.may / might的用法 2. 表示推測(cè), 只用于肯定句。-She may/might come here tomorrow. (may比might可能性大一些)-They may be still waiting for us.典型例題Peter _B_come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. willmay

7、 / might的用法 3. 用于祈使句, 表示祝愿。-May you succeed!4. may/might as well用于提出建議, 譯為“最好”。-You may/might as well stay at home tonight.may / might的用法 1. 表示義務(wù), 譯為“必須”、“一定要”。-You must hand in your homework.-Must I book the tickets in advance?回答:Yes, you must. (肯定)No, you neednt./dont have to. (否定)must 的用法 與have t

8、o的區(qū)別:否定意義不同mustnt表示禁止, 譯為“不準(zhǔn)”、“不允許”。dont have to譯為“不必”。-You mustnt smoke in the office.-You dont have to call back tonight.must 的用法 與have to的區(qū)別:時(shí)態(tài)must沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化, 而have to有各種時(shí)態(tài)。must強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀看法, have to強(qiáng)調(diào)外在的客觀需要, 譯為“不得不”。-We must obey the traffic rules.-Since it is raining, she has to stay indoors.must 的用法

9、 have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： dont have to 表示不必mustnt表示“禁止”，你不一定要把此事告訴他。_你一定不要把這件事告訴他。 _You dont have to tell him about it .You mustnt tell him about it .2. 表示偏要, 硬要。-John, must you play the piano at such a late hour?-Who is the girl standing over

10、there? Well, if you must know, her name is Marry.must 的用法 3. 表示推測(cè), 只用于肯定句, 譯為“肯定”。否定為cant, 譯為“不可能” ?，F(xiàn)在: must do / must be doing過(guò)去: must have done-You have worked hard all day. You must be tired now.-They are playing basketball. They must have finished their homework.must 的用法 考點(diǎn)聚焦-The door is locked.

11、 She cant be at home. (當(dāng)前推測(cè))-I saw him just now so he cant/couldnt have gone abroad.cant 的用法 (過(guò)去推測(cè))must 常考點(diǎn)4在回答帶有must 的問(wèn)句時(shí)，否定結(jié)構(gòu)不用mustnt 而用neednt dont have to .-Must I go home ? -Yes , _-No _5 表示偏偏，干嘛等責(zé)備含義（指做令人不愉快的事情） The car must break down just when we were about to start off . Must you shout so lo

12、udly ?mustneednt / dont have to . ( 干嘛 ) ( 偏偏 )表示“應(yīng)該”。= ought to-You should/ought to work hard.2. should表驚訝, 惋惜, 譯為“竟然”。-I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.-I didnt expect that he should have finished the job ahead of time.should的用法 考點(diǎn)聚焦3. 根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)或事實(shí), 合理的推斷。-Mary took dancing classe

13、s for years; she should be an excellent dancer.-Its said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There should not be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.should的用法 1）用于第一人稱的構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)。2)一般用于二、三人稱陳述句中，表示命令、許諾、警告、威脅，決心、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等。You shall have my answer tomorrow He shall be sorry for it on

14、e day , I tell you .You shall do as I tell you .Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollutionEach citizen shall carry ID card when travelling.(允諾)（警告）（命令）(決心)義務(wù)、規(guī)定shall的用法 考點(diǎn)聚焦3)用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和指示，用在一，三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中。Shall I turn on the light ? Shall he come to see you ?_注： Shall +第三人稱主格+do sth =Do you w

15、ant +第三人稱賓格+to do sth .=Do you want him to see you ?1. 用于各種人稱, 表示意志、意愿、請(qǐng)求、自然規(guī)律等。-I will tell you the details.-Will/Would you please be quiet? (Would較客氣)-If pure water is heated to 100, it will boil.will的用法 2. 表示習(xí)慣、傾向, 譯為“總是”、“慣于”。-He will sit there hour after hour doing nothing.-Every day, the coupl

16、e would go for a walk in their neighbourhood hand in hand. (過(guò)去的習(xí)慣)will的用法 考點(diǎn)聚焦 1） need 的意思是“”需要，既是行為動(dòng)詞，又是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 作形為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，他具有一般動(dòng)詞的各種形式，（need、 needs、 needed 、needing）,與助動(dòng)詞（do、 does 、did ）連用構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句，后面接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只有一種形式，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形，與not 連用時(shí)構(gòu)need not的否定式，疑問(wèn)句把need提前。 need的用法 1)I need a new co

17、mputer . 2)Your room need painting 3)He doesnt need to work late into the night .4)I need to get a new car .5)Need he work so late ? yes, he must no , he neednt .6)you neednt walk that fast , need you?你不必走那么快，是嗎？實(shí)義動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意1： need 的被動(dòng)含義：need, want, require, worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)：n

18、eed doing = need to be done注意2：need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用在肯定句中，只用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中， 1 它既可以作行為動(dòng)詞又可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句及條件句中，陳述句中很少使用但（I dare say ）除外。沒(méi)人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)變化，過(guò)去時(shí)為dared. 否定式為darent .How dare you say Im unfair ?He dare not speak English before such a crowd , dare he ?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare的用法 作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作行為動(dòng)

19、詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，其后常接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，其后的to 可省可不省。如：I dare to swim across this river .He does not dare (to) answer Dont you dare (to )touch it ?need / dare的用法 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞肯定/He dares to escape.He needs to escape否定He darent escape.He neednt escape.He doesnt dare (to) escape.He doesnt need to escape.疑問(wèn)Dare

20、he escape?Need he escape?Does he dare (to) escape?Does he need to escape= can情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于肯定句。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare有過(guò)去時(shí)dared。 He _ through the forest alone. dare walk B. dare to walk C. dares walking D. dares to walk 2. He hardly _ say anything more, since you know all about it.A. dont need to B. needsC. need D. needn

21、t練一練 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于肯定句。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞=can3. _ climb that tall tree?A. Would you dare B. Dare you to C. Dare you D. Will you dare 4. Jim _ his strict father, for he failed in the examination once again.A. didnt dare to see B. not dare to seeC. didnt dared to see D. dare no to see練一練 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞=Can you行為動(dòng)詞=didnt like to see

22、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測(cè)，其用法如下：1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的推測(cè)，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。The road is wet. It must have rained las

23、t night.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5）推測(cè)的否定形式，疑問(wèn)形式用cant, couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒(méi)有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥?lái)上班的。注意：could, might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)，其推測(cè)的程度不如can, may。 典型例題1）-Could I b

24、orrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C. could表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，并不為時(shí)態(tài)。答語(yǔ)中of course，表示肯定的語(yǔ)氣，允許某人做某事時(shí)，用can和 may來(lái)表達(dá)，不能用could或might。復(fù)習(xí)： will 與you連用，用來(lái)提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用，用來(lái)提出勸告。2）-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt

25、 D. shouldnt 答案A。neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 將不, 不會(huì)的。 mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt不應(yīng)該。本題為不需要，不必的意思，應(yīng)用neednt。3）-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-_.A. I dont B.I wont C. I cantD. I havent 答案B.will既可當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表請(qǐng)求、建議、也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表“意愿、意志、決心”，本題表示決心，選B。 14 區(qū)別微妙的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在近年來(lái)的高考試題中的難度日漸加大，不僅是由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)

26、氣和心態(tài)等，而且這些往往是需用心體會(huì)而得的。由于語(yǔ)氣的暗示在題目中變得更隱蔽，語(yǔ)氣的變化更微妙，因而更綜合化了。難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)1.()I didnt hear the phone I_ asleep.A.must be B.must have beenC.should be D.should have been2.()We _ last night,but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studied B.might studyC.should have studied D.would study3.()John,you_ play with

27、the knife,you_hurt yourself.A.wont;cant B.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt4.()Its nearly seven oclock.Jack_ be here at any moment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can5.()She_for what she has done,but why do you keep silent on it?A.ought to praise B.ought to have praisedC.ought to be praised D.ought to

28、 have been praised6.()If your boss is not right,you_him.A.mustnt obey B.dont have to obeyC.wouldnt have obey D.cant have obey7.()Shall I call a doctor for you? _.I will be better soon.A.Yes,you may B.No,you mustntC.No,you neednt D.Id rather not8.()Would you like to go shopping with me tonight?_.A.Id

29、 love so B.Ill like toC.I would like thatD.Id love to9.()He_ you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.mightC.may have given D.may give10.()Noise_ harmful in China.A.didnt use to be consideredB.usednt to considerC.didnt use to considerD.isnt used to be considered案例探究1.Will you

30、stay for lunch?Sorry,_ my brother is coming to see me.A.I mustntB.I cantC.I needntD.I wont2.Sorry Im late.I_ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (2000年春季高考北京)A.might B.should C.can D.will 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考查熱點(diǎn)透視 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是中高考考查的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，全國(guó)普通高考各地試題對(duì)此都有考查。下面就近幾年來(lái)高考試題中出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納分析，以便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)掌握

31、。 一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè) 1. 肯定的推測(cè)一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，譯為“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是”；should的語(yǔ)氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”，指按常理推測(cè)；may（might），could的語(yǔ)氣最弱，譯為“也許”、“可能”。Helen _ go on the trip with us but she isnt quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷） A. shall B. must C. may D. can Ive taken someone elses green sweater by

32、 mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. （2005年廣東卷） A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷） A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to ,Id like to go

33、to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷） A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 2. 否定推測(cè)分為兩種情況： 1）語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí)，常用may not, might not或could not，譯為“可能不”、“也許不”。 2）否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用cant，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。 1)You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _ not li

34、ke the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷） A. must B. shall C. may D. need 2) Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He _ have gone farhis coats still here.（2005年湖北卷） A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt 3) Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him Im sure he d

35、oesnt wear glasses. （2004年全國(guó)卷） A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not 3. 疑問(wèn)句中的推測(cè)，往往用can或could。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷） A. can B. should C. may D. must 4. 對(duì)已發(fā)生事情的肯定推測(cè)常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推測(cè)常用“can, could, may, might等

36、+完成式”。 1)He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷） A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 2)Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today? Something _ to him. （2005年江西卷） A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have

37、 happened 3) My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_your lecture.（2000年上海卷） A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have atterded C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 二、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式” 1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做。其否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。 Ill tell Mary about her

38、 new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. （2004年福建卷） A ought to tell B would have told C must tell D should have told Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷） A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 2. “could+完成式”表示本來(lái)能夠做成

39、某事的但結(jié)果沒(méi)能做成，含有遺憾的意味。 He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. （2005年山東卷） A. could B. would C. must D. need 3. “neednt+不定式的完成式”表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事。例如： You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因?yàn)樘炀鸵掠炅恕?Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I c

40、ould manage it myself. （2005年福建卷） A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 三、常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. shall用于一、二、三人稱疑問(wèn)句表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)；用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。 “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重慶卷） A. ma

41、y B. should C. must D. shall Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. （2004年湖南卷） A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. （2003年北京春季卷） A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 2. must用于疑

42、問(wèn)句，表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏偏，偏要”；mustnt表示禁止，是說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。 John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全國(guó)卷） A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ （2005年全國(guó)卷） A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 3. neednt表示“沒(méi)有必要”。 Lucy doesnt min

43、d lending you her dictionary. She _. Ive already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷） A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 4. would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。 When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷） A. would B. should C. had better D. might 5. 表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. （1997年全國(guó)卷） A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 6. 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用作答語(yǔ)的情況 Write to me when yo