冠詞-詳解與配套練習(xí)

1、冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞。一、a與an的用法區(qū)別a用于輔音前；an用于元音前。一般說來，元音字母發(fā)元音，輔音字母發(fā)輔音。Have you ever seen tree as tall as this one? (1985 全國)aB. suchC. anD. /1、拼寫以輔音字母開頭讀音卻以元音開頭的單詞hour, honest, honor等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母h開頭，但其讀音卻以元音開頭，因 此，前面要用an。I have been waiting for him for hour and a half. (1980全國)A. the B. aC. an D. whole2

2、、拼寫以元音字母開頭讀音卻以輔音開頭的單詞useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way 等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字 母開頭，但其讀音卻以元音開頭，因此，前面要用a。Five years ago her brother was university student of physics. (1990上海)A. a; theB. an; theC. an; /D. a; /3、英文字母前用a還是用an的問題在26個英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12個字母的讀音是以元音開

3、頭的，其 余字母的讀音則是以輔音開頭的。Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped 上海 here. (1989A. an B. the C. / D. a二、不定冠詞的主要用法1、不定冠詞用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示泛指某類人或事物中的一個，意為“一個/位/ 座/項(xiàng)/段/次”。a用在輔音前，而an用在元音前。Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning. Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (1997 全國)A. a; the

4、B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a2、 表示(數(shù)量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”。表同一性：即表示“同一”，說明事物的同一性質(zhì)、特征、大小或程度等。如:This hat and that one are of a shape.這頂帽子和那頂一樣大。Things of kind come together； people of kind fall into same group.A.the；the；the B.a；a； theC.the；the；a D a；a；a3、用于作表語或作as的賓語的職業(yè)或身份的名詞前。（15）When he left col

5、lege, he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office. （2004天津）A.不填；a B.不填；the C. a ; the D. the ; the在 such a, quite a, rather a 句式中He is quite a good actor.他是一個相當(dāng)好的演員三、定冠詞的主要用法1、定冠詞the的基本用法，即表示特指，相當(dāng)于this（這）,that（那）,these（這些）,those（那 些）。包括指上文提到過的人或事物，或者雙方都知道的人或事物。If you buy more than ten, they knock

6、 20 pence off. （2004 四川）A. a priceB. priceC. the price D. priceson-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is major concern of the country. （2004 北京）A. The;不填 B. The; a C.An; the D. An;不填2、用于“the+比較級”表示“兩者中較的”那一個人或事物。（22）Which is country, Canada or Australia?

7、（1992全國）A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger（23）If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was. （1995 上 海）A. good B. the bestC. better D. the better（24）Of the two sisters, Betty is one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.（2006安徽）A. a younger B. a youngest C.

8、 the younger D. the youngest3、用于介詞短語中的方位名詞前。（25）Summer in south of France is for most part dry and sunny. （2000京春）A. /, aB. the, /C. /, /D. the, the4、用于最高級形容詞或副詞及形容詞only （唯一的）very （正是那個）same（同樣的）That is the very thing I have been looking for .（26）Where,s nearest bookstore?Theres one at end of the st

9、reet. （2000 上海春）A. the; an B. a; the C. the; the D. a; an（27） Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advicewas most important one. （2006 遼寧） A. the; aB.不填；a C.不填；the D. the; the5、用于play后的西洋樂器名詞前。（28）Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is intersted in liste

10、ning to music.（1989全國）A.（不填）;theB.（不填）；（不填）C. the;（不填）D. the; the（29）After watching TV, she played violin for an hour. （1991全國）A.不填，不填 B. the, the C. the,不填 D.不填,the注意：在象erhu（二胡）之類的漢語拼音的中國民樂名稱前，就不用冠詞。有這樣一道題： He loves playing piano, but he hasnt got piano of his own. A. the, thethe, a C. a, the D. a,

11、 a6、用于“the +逢十的復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞”前表示年代。（30）It is not rare in that people in fifties are going to university for further education. （1999 上海）A. 90s; theB. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their7、用于“the+比較級，the+比較級”（越.就越.）句型中。（31）It is believed that you work,result youll get. （1993 上海）A. the harder; the bette

12、rB. the more hard; the most betterthe harder; a betterD. more hard; more better8、用于 by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等結(jié)構(gòu)中表示計(jì)量單位， 意為按/以.（賣/租/付款），常與buy, sell, rent, charge等動詞連用。（32）As a rule, the workers are paid.（2004 上海春）A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours 注意：在by wei

13、ght（按重量）中不用the。9、用于“動詞+人+介詞+the+人體部位或衣著”中：用于該句型的動詞常常是表示“打、 抓、牽、拉、拍、踢”等之類的動詞。（33）A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in leg. （2001 上海）A. aB. one C. the D. his在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示一家人The Bakers came to see me yesterday.貝克一家人昨天來看我。在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黃河某些固定的表達(dá)法in

14、 the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上go to the cinema 去看電影 go to the theatre 去看戲 all the year round 一年到頭 on the way to前往.去的路上四、零冠詞的主要用法（即不用冠詞的情況）1、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指和不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時不用冠詞。Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space. （1990全國）A. the;（不填）B.（不填）;theC.（不填）；（不填）D. the; the2、在as（

15、雖然）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句前面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。（42）, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （2005重慶）A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student3、man（人，人類）,word（消息）的前面不用冠詞。（43）While he was investigating ways to improve the tel

16、escope, Newton made discovery which completely changed mans understanding of colour. （2004 廣東）A.a.不填B. a.theC.不填.the D. the.a4、學(xué)科名詞前不用冠詞。（44）She is newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. （1994 全國）A. the; the B. the;不填 C. a;不填 D. a; the 山峰Mount Qomolangma珠穆朗瑪峰在kind

17、 of+名詞 sort of+名詞”句式中What kind of flower is it?這是什么花?注意：下列3種情況雖未曾考過，但仍需注意：球類運(yùn)動和棋類游戲名詞前不用冠詞。如：play football踢足球。在某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：The teacher came in, book in hand.老師進(jìn)來了，手里拿 著一本書。(3)在表示“變成”的turn后作表語的名詞不用冠詞。如：He will never turn traitor.他絕不 會成為叛徒。7用于.表示職位、身份、頭銜名詞前Lincoln was made President of America. 用于表示球類

18、、棋類的運(yùn)動的名詞前。Play chess與by連用表交通方式胡名詞前We went right round to the west coast by sea .以and連接兩個相對的名詞并用Husband and wife knife and fork day and night名詞前有 this that my whose some no each every 等限制。I want this book ,not that one .五、三種冠詞表示類別時的用法比較泛指一類人或事物時，不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞，可數(shù)名詞有下列三種情況：1、“不定冠詞a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”：指某類人或事物中的任何

19、一個或者某一個。Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.(2002全國)A.不填；the B.不填；an C. an; an D. the; the2、“定冠詞the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞:指某類事物的整體。多用于討論科技問題，常與invent, become extinct (=die out)等動詞連用。Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876. (MET91)A.不填 B. aC. the D. one3、“零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”：指

20、具有某類人或事物特點(diǎn)的全體。Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. (1993全國)A. the; theB.不填；不填 C. the;不填 D.不填；the六、有關(guān)冠詞使用的疑難問題1、序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用問題：強(qiáng)調(diào)順序時用定冠詞；當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序，而是表示在原來的基礎(chǔ)上增加，即“又，還，再”時，用不定冠詞。如：She thanked him a second time.她再次向他道謝。Shall I ask her a third time?我還要問她一次嗎？（48）The cakes ar

21、e delicious. Hed like to have third one because second one israther too small. （2002 上海春） A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a2、school, bed 等前面冠詞的使用問題：像 bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名詞，在指這些家具、建筑或場所本身時用冠詞，但若指它們所具有的作 用或功能時，則不用冠詞，此時多用于go to或者be in/at之后。（49）Where is Ja

22、ck? I think he is still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom. （1992 全國）A.不填；不填 B. the； the C. the;不填 D.不填；the3、專有名詞前的冠詞使用問題：一般不用冠詞，如John, China等。但以下幾種情況用 冠詞：“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”：表示“某某夫婦”或“姓某的一家人”。（52）will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. （1993 上海）A. The Evens B. The Evens, C. The

23、Evenses D. Evenses（53）Who did you spend last weekend with?. （1998 上海）A. Palmers B. The Palmers, C. The Palmers D.The Palmers“a（n）+A名（相當(dāng)于a certain，some,意為“一個”“某個”。）”：表示.式的人物” 或（有）一個名叫的人”。如：The house next door has been bought by a Mr Jones .隔壁的房子被一個叫瓊斯的先生的人 買下了。（54）I know John Lennon, but not famous o

24、ne. （2005 山東）A.不填；a B. a; the C.不填；the D. the; a由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前通常要加the。（56）The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played inIndustrial Revolution. （2004 重慶）A.不填；不填 B. the；不填 C. the;theD. a; the注： 表示特指時專有名詞前也可能用the。如the Gorge of China （中國的高爾基），the China of the 1960s（20 世紀(jì) 60 年代

25、的中國），the Smith youre looking for（你在找的那個史密斯）。 若是在“專有名詞（人名或地名）+普通名詞”構(gòu)成的專有名詞前不用冠詞，如 Beijing University （北京大學(xué)）,Yale University（耶 魯大學(xué)）。4、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前冠詞的使用問題：一般不用冠詞，但特指時要用the。（60） In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck by beauty of nature that hestayed for another night. （1991 上海） A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D.

26、 the, the注：下列兩種情況也用冠詞：（1）有的抽象名詞具體化后，前面要加不定冠詞。如a surprise 一件預(yù)料之外的事，a pity /shame （一件令人遺憾的事）,a success（一件成功的事或一個成功的人），a pleasure（一件快樂 的事），a time（一段時間）；（2）不定冠詞可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一杯/罐/瓶”。如：Id like a tea（=a cup of tea）, please 我要來杯茶。He was a success in business.他事業(yè)成功。It s a pleasure to ta

27、lk with you.同你談話是件令人愉快的事。5、表示季節(jié)、月份、星期的名詞前的冠詞使用問題：一般不用冠詞，但特指時用the； 表示在某一個，或者受形容詞修飾表示具有某種特點(diǎn)時可用a/an。如the spring of 1998（1998 年的春天），a hard winter（一個嚴(yán)寒的冬天）。（62）I cant remember when exactly the Rohinsons left city. I only remember it wasMonday. （2005 湖南）A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a6、獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前冠

28、詞的使用問題：像world, earth, sun, moon, sky, universe等獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前通常不用冠詞，但前面有形容詞修飾，表示一個的”時，用不 定冠詞。（63）Wouldnt it be wonderful world if all nations lived in peace with oneanother? （1994 全國）A. a;不填 B. the;不填 C. a; theD. the;theIt is world of wonders,world where anything can happen. (2004福建)A. a, the B. a, aC.

29、the, a D. /, /注意：下列幾種況雖然未曾考過，但也要注意：（1）含有day的節(jié)日前一般不用冠詞， 如 May Day, New Years day, Christmas Day, April Fools Day, MothersDay 等；但僅中國才有的 傳習(xí)統(tǒng)節(jié)日名稱前常用 the，如 the Spring Festival（春節(jié)）,the Mid-autumn Festival（中秋節(jié)）。（2）有后置定語的名詞是特指某人或某物時，用the；但若指一類事物時用a/an。如Id like to buy a present that is useful but not expensi

30、ve.（我想買一件價格不貴但又有用的那樣一類禮 物。）（3）兩個并列名詞指同一人、同一物或同一概念時，第二個名詞前不用冠詞，如a teacher and writer（一位教師兼作家），a horse and cart（一輛馬車），a knife and fork（一付刀*）；但若是 指兩個人時，第二個名詞前一般也要加冠詞，如a man and a woman（一個男人和一個女人）。表示唯一職位或頭銜的名詞一般只有在作表語、同位語、補(bǔ)足語時，才可以不用the。表示三餐的名詞前通常不用冠詞，但有定語修飾時，可用不定冠詞，如a good lunch 豐盛的午餐。The little boy oft

31、en has big breakfast, so he looks really strong.A.theB. /C.aD.an七、習(xí)語中的冠詞1、含定冠詞的習(xí)語（65）His daughter is always shy in and she never dares to make a speech to.（2001上海）A. the public; the public B. public; the public C. the public; public D. public; public2、含不定冠詞的習(xí)語（67） Id like information about the manag

32、ement of your hotel, please. Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful. （1995全 國）A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a3、用零冠詞的固定短語（71）Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country inthirteenth century. （1999 全國） A. the;不填 B. the; the C.不填；the D. 不填；

33、不填練習(xí)1.recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .wouldbe higher than the number of English speaker by year 2090.A. A, the B. A, / C. The，/ D. The, a2.If you go by train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but makesure you get fast one.A. /, /B./, a C. the, a D./,/3.

34、It is often said that teachers have very easy life.A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, acan t remember when exactly the Robinsons left city ,I only remember itwas Monday.。A. the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a5.If you grow up in large family ,you are more likely to develop ability toget on well with oth

35、ers .A. /,an the B. a, the，/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,theMrs ,Taylor has 8-year-old daughter who has gift for painting -she haswon two national prizes.A. a, a B. an ,the C. an ,a D. thAfetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport.A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the8.On May 5,2005,at

36、 World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHaowon the gold medal in mens with score of 4:1.A. a ,a B. / the C. a，/ D. the ,aknew John Lennon ,but not famous one.A. /,a B. a ,the C. /,the D. the, aThe book tells life story of John Smith ,who left school and workedfor a newspaper at the a

37、ge of 16.A. the, the B. a , the C. the./ D. a,/When you come here for you r holiday next time, dont go to hotel ; I canfind you bed in my flat.A. the ,a B. the,/ C. a ,the D. a,/ 13.on-going division between English -speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is major concern of the country.A.

38、 The，/ B. The ,a C. An ,the D. An,/14.When he left college ,he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office .A. /, a B /, the C .a the D .the, the15The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in Industrial Revolution.A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the , the D. a ,the16.While he was in

39、vestigating ways t improve the telescope Newton made discovery which completely changed mans understanding of color.A. a ,/ B. a ,the C. /, the D. the ,a17.It is world of wonders,world where anything can happen.A. a. the B. a, a C. the, a D. /,/The Wilsons live in A-shaped house near the coast . It

40、is 17th century cottage.A. the, / B. an, the C. /, the D. an ,aTom owns larger collection of books than any other student in ourclass.A. the，/ B. a,/ C. a ,the D. /, theFor a long time they walked without saying word .Jim was the first t breaksilence.A. the, a B. a ,the C. a，/ D. the,/There was time

41、 I hated t go to school.A. a ,that B. a ,when C. the ,that D. the ,whenWhen you finish reading the book ,you will have better understanding oflife.,A. a, the B. the .a C. /,the D.a,/24The sign reads “in ease of fire ,break the glass and push red button”A. /,a B. /,the C. the ,the D. a ,adont like ta

42、lking on telephone ; I prefer writing letter.A. a, the B. the./ C. the ,the D. A，/Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.A. /, the B. /, an C. an. an D. the, the27.One way to understand thousands of new words in gain good knowledge ofbasic word formation.A. / B the

43、 C. a D. oneThe cakes are delicious . Hed like have third one because secondone is rather too small.A. a, a B. the .the C. a ,the D. the ,aA bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in leg.A. a B .one C. the D. hisThe warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort of woolused.A. the, th

44、e B. the，/ C. /, the D. /,/高考鏈接1.Where is my blue shirt? Its in the washing machine. You have to wear different one. （2003春）A. any B. the C. a D. other2. An accident happened at crossroads a few metres away from bank. （2003上海）A. a; aB. /; aC. /; the D. the; /In review of 44 studies, American researc

45、hers found that men and women who atesix key foods daily cut the risk of heart disease by 76%. （2006湖南）A. a; the B. the; aC. a;不填D.不填；aTheres dictionary on desk by your side. （2003 京春）A. a; theB. a; aC. the; aD. the; theFor a long time they walked without saying word. Jim was the first to break sile

46、nce.（2004湖南）A. the; a B. a; the C. a;不填D. the;不填10.On news today, there were reports of heavy snow in that area. （2004春）A. the; theB. the；不填C.不填；不填D.不填；the11.If you grow up in large family, you are more likely to develop ability to get onwell with others. （2005 江西）A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the;

47、an;the D. a; the; theI knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near computer. （2006 北京）A. the;不填 B. the; aC. a;不填 D. a; aDont worry if you cant come to party.Ill save cake for you. （2006浙江）A. the; some B. a; much C. the; any D. a; littleMost animals little con

48、nection with animals of different kind unless they killthem for food. （2000 全國） A. the; aB.不填；a C. the;theD.不填;theMr. Smith, theres a man at front door who says he has news for you of greatimportance. （2001 京春）A. the,不填 B. the, the C.不填，不填 D.不填,theThe sign reads In case of fire, break the glass and

49、push red button. （2003 全國）A.不填；aB.不填；the C the; theD. a; aTom owns larger collection of books than any other student in our class. （2004 江蘇）A. the;不填 B. a;不填 C. a; the D.不填;the20.Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to use wood asfuel or as building material. （2006 重慶 25）A.

50、 the; the B. the; /C. /； theD. /； /This book tells life story of John Smith, who left school and worked for anewspaper at the age of 16. （2005 遼寧） A. the; the B. a; the C. the;不 填D. a;不填Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt Mr. Smith here. （2006全國 I30）A.不填 B. a C. the D.

51、oneOn May 5, 2005, at World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Haowon the gold medal in mens doubles with score of 4:1. （2005 江蘇）A. a; a B.不填;theC. a;不填 D. the; aAfter dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport. （2005安 徽）A. the; a B. a; the C.不填；aD.不填;theAccording to World H

52、ealth Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities toprevent spread of AIDS. （2006 陜西） A. the;不填 B. the; the C.a; aD.不填;theI know you dont like music very much. But what do you think of music inthe film we saw yesterday? （2006 全國 II） A. /; /B. the; the C. the;/D. /; theFor him stage

53、is just means of making a living. （2006山東 21）A. a; aB. the; aC. the; the D. a; theOne way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basicword formation. （2002 上海） A. /B. theC. aD. oneWhen you finish reading this book, you will have better understanding of life.（2004遼寧）A. a, t

54、he B. the, a C. /, theD. a, /33.Alexander Gramha Bell invented telephone in 1876. （MET1991）A./;B. aC. theD. oneAfter watching TV, she played violin for an hour.A./;/B. the ; theC. the; / D./;the （ MET199111）-Wheres jack ?-1 think hes still in bed, but he might just be inbathroom.A./; /B. the; the C.

55、 the; /D./; the （ MET199236）Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.37.She is newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some importantdiscoveries.A. the; the B. the ; / C. a; /D. a ; the (NMET199420) 38.Wouldnt it be wonderful world if all nations lived in peace

56、with one another?A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the (NMET1994 23)Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country inthirteenth century.A. the ; /B. the; the C./; theD./; / (NMET 19998)1t is not true in that people in fifties are going to university for furthereducation .A.90s; their B. the 90s; /C.90s; /D. the 90s; their(1999.上海 6)44.Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny.A./; a