初中英語(yǔ)句子成分解析

1、概念句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接和間接賓語(yǔ)）、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分（在英語(yǔ)中，一般句子必須有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)），表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)里的組成部分。其他成份如定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是句子的次要成分。句子成分分類1主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，也有從句充當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)都在句首。如：講述“誰(shuí)”We work in a big factory. 講述“什么”The classroom is very b

2、ig. 數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)Three are enough. 三個(gè)人就夠了不定式作主語(yǔ)To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job.從句作主語(yǔ)What we need is food. 我們最需要的是食物.在“There be ”句型中，主語(yǔ)的位置在中間。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. 在個(gè)別句型中，主語(yǔ)在整個(gè)句子后面，這時(shí)前面用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.

3、It took two workers about three months to build the house.2謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語(yǔ)必須是動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。如：He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job.He can speak German.3表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。 形容詞作表語(yǔ)You look young

4、er than before. 名詞作表語(yǔ) My father is a teacher. 副詞作表語(yǔ)Everyone is here.介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)They are at the theatre.不定式作表語(yǔ)My job is to teach them English.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)Her job is training the nurses.從句作表語(yǔ)That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.4賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式、或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)充當(dāng)，它和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，通常放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。有時(shí)，會(huì)

5、有雙賓語(yǔ)。如：名詞作賓語(yǔ)He never forgives others for their mistakes.代詞做賓語(yǔ)He often helps me.不定式作賓語(yǔ)He likes to sleep in the open air.動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)The Americans enjoyed living in China.從句做賓語(yǔ)I believe that they can finish the work in time.直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。但有些動(dòng)詞除了直接賓語(yǔ)外，還需要有一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)動(dòng)作是

6、對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。如：We brought them some food.主 謂 間賓 直賓間接賓語(yǔ)可以放在直接賓語(yǔ)后面，但必須加to 或 for。5賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 在英語(yǔ)的句子中有些句子里只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面加上賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”合起來(lái)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)巨資的意思。名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞都可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).如:名詞作賓補(bǔ) If you let me go, Ill make you king.形容詞作賓補(bǔ) Dont make your hands

7、 dirty.副詞作賓補(bǔ) We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ) Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) I saw a girl go into the building.帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) The boy ordered the dog to lie down.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ) The boss kept them working all day.過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英語(yǔ)中,常見的“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：“賓語(yǔ)+名詞”。常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：cal

8、l, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.“賓語(yǔ)+形容詞”。常見的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We cant leave him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party be

9、fore Friday?“賓語(yǔ)+副詞”。副詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。常見的副詞有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.“賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”。介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)常表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)（即賓語(yǔ)）所處的狀態(tài)，兩者有主表的關(guān)系。如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opene

10、d the door and found some of his friends in the rain.“賓語(yǔ)+不定式”。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種： A 要求帶to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不帶to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometim

11、es helps her mother (to) do housework.“賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，此時(shí)在該句型中的賓語(yǔ)即為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，有著主謂關(guān)系。 I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.“賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood. 形式賓語(yǔ)形容詞 We fou

12、nd it impossible to get there before Saturday.賓語(yǔ)+what 從句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.6定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的，而名詞和代詞可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都

13、可以有定語(yǔ)。如： 形容詞作定語(yǔ) The black bike is mine. 代詞作定語(yǔ) Whats your name?名詞作定語(yǔ) They made some paper flowers.介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短語(yǔ) I have lots to eat and drink.從句作定語(yǔ) The tall boy who is standing there is Peter. 在英語(yǔ)中，并不是所有的定語(yǔ)都放在被修飾詞的前面，有的是放在被修飾詞的后面，故稱“后置定語(yǔ)”。 修飾不定代詞 som

14、ething, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定語(yǔ)必須后置。如： Well go to have something English. If you dont know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important to tell me?介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?The students in the room are all my friend

15、s. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置 What about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.注 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，to 后面的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)。如果時(shí)短語(yǔ)時(shí)，那么與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞或副詞是不能少的。 Do you have any piece of music to listen to? nearby, below, downstairs等個(gè)別方位詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。如：We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.7狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方