動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)英語高考重點知識攻關

1、動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)是兩個非常重要的語法范疇，構成了英語語法的基本框架，幾乎所有動詞的考查都必須借助于時態(tài)和語態(tài)來完成。高考試題在考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的同時，還兼顧其他語法內容的測試，比如各種從句、強調句、倒裝句等，其交叉式和復合式的特點尤為明顯。其考點主要包括： 1注重在語境中考查常見時態(tài)的區(qū)別，如一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時、一般現(xiàn)在時(過去時)與現(xiàn)在(過去)進行時的區(qū)別等。要求準確判斷動作和時間的關系，正確理解時間概念，如是現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來，是時間段、時間點還是時間瞬間。2遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原則，考查在狀語從句等特定語言環(huán)境中時態(tài)的代替。要求吃透語境，摸清命題人的意圖，善于捕捉句子中所隱

2、含的時間信息，克服漢語式的慣性思維。3把語態(tài)與時態(tài)結合在一起，進行綜合考查。各種常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構成，仍是高考命題的熱點之一，而且題干中有效信息越來越隱蔽，試題難度呈現(xiàn)加大的趨勢。要求明確謂語動詞與主語的關系，分清是主動還是被動。4考查主動形式表示被動意義。對語境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重視有特殊用法的動詞的運用。一、高考?？嫉膸追N易混時態(tài)的辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時(1)一般現(xiàn)在時主要用于習慣性或經常性動作，常伴隨使用usually，often，seldom等頻度副詞；現(xiàn)在進行時主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)，常跟now，at present等時間狀語。He usua

3、lly writes a lot of letters，but he isnt writing at present.他經常寫許多信，但他現(xiàn)在沒在寫。(2)表示客觀事實或普遍真理時，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能用現(xiàn)在進行時。The Earth goes around the Sun.地球繞著太陽轉。2一般過去時與過去進行時(1)一般過去時表示一個完成的動作，而過去進行時表示過去某一階段正在進行的動作。I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小說(可能沒看完)。I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小說(已經看完了)。(2)一般過去時用于表

4、示一個單純動作，過去進行時用于表示過去一段時間反復做的動作。Did he ask questions?他提問題了嗎？He was asking questions all the time.他始終在提問題。(3)一般過去時表示過去某個時刻發(fā)生的動作(側重說明事實)，過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作(強調在這一過程中所進行的動作或展開的情景)。He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午畫了一張畫(昨天下午他做了這么一件事)。He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在畫一張畫(昨

5、天下午他一直在畫畫，沒干別的事)。(3)一般過去時表示過去某個時刻發(fā)生的動作(側重說明事實)，過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作(強調在這一過程中所進行的動作或展開的情景)。He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午畫了一張畫(昨天下午他做了這么一件事)。He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在畫一張畫(昨天下午他一直在畫畫，沒干別的事)。3現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時(1)兩者都表示發(fā)生在過去的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去動作與現(xiàn)在的關系，主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況；一般過去時強調動作發(fā)生

6、在過去某一時間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。例如：Theyve gone to Paris.他們到巴黎去了(說明他們現(xiàn)在去巴黎了，不在這里)。They went to Paris.他們去過巴黎(只說明去過，不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在那里)。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一段時間內的任何時間，可與so far，up to now，lately，ever since等表示包括現(xiàn)在一段時間的狀語連用，但不能和表示過去時間的狀語連用；一般過去時表示的是過去某一特定時間或與現(xiàn)在無關的某一過去時間。I havent seen the film yet.我還沒看過這部影片(到目前為止)。I saw the film t

7、he day before yesterday.我前天看的這部電影(表明看電影的時間是在前天)。4過去完成時與一般過去時(1)一般過去時通常與具體過去時間狀語連用；即使沒有時間狀語，根據(jù)具體的語言環(huán)境，我們也可以作出明確的判斷。(2)過去完成時是一種相對的時態(tài)，表示在過去某時刻之前發(fā)生。時間參照點與一般過去時不同，一般過去時是對現(xiàn)在說話時刻而言，過去完成時則是與過去某一時刻而言的，即“過去的過去”。5一般將來時與將來進行時一般將來時表示對“現(xiàn)在時刻”來說，將要發(fā)生的動作或將要存在的狀態(tài)；而將來進行時表示將來的某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。She is sixteen，who will be

8、 seventeen next year.她十六歲，明年將十七歲。What will you be doing at this time next Monday?下周一這時候你將會在做什么呢？5一般將來時與將來進行時一般將來時表示對“現(xiàn)在時刻”來說，將要發(fā)生的動作或將要存在的狀態(tài)；而將來進行時表示將來的某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。She is sixteen，who will be seventeen next year.她十六歲，明年將十七歲。What will you be doing at this time next Monday?下周一這時候你將會在做什么呢？(2)現(xiàn)在完成進行

9、時往往表示動作在重復，現(xiàn)在完成時則常常不帶重復性。如：Have you been meeting her lately？(經常相見)Have you met her lately？(不重復發(fā)生)(3)現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩；而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實、一種影響或結果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言。如：Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(顯然是在表揚瑪麗)Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只說明一個事實)二、固定句型中的固定時態(tài)在某些固定

10、句型里往往有固定的時態(tài)要求，請體會下列句子中時態(tài)的運用：1This/It is the first/second. time I have done sth.That/It was the first/second. time I had done sth.2It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad.3I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4Hardly had I got home when the telephone r

11、ang.5No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.6It wont be long before he comes back./It wasnt long before he came back.7I didnt manage to understand it until he had explained it again.8祈使句and(or/or else/otherwise)并列分句(并列分句中謂語動詞多用一般將來時)三、被動語態(tài)1被動語態(tài)的構成英語中的及物動詞一般都有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式。主動語態(tài)是無標記的，而被動語態(tài)則是

12、有標記的。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be過去分詞”構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式見下表：2.主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況(1)英語中有很多動詞，如break，catch，clean，drive，look，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物；在這種情況下，常常和easily，well等副詞連用。This kind of cloth washes well.這種布好洗。The sign reads as follows.這牌子告示如下。This mate

13、rial wont wear.這種材料不耐穿。The machine runs well.這種機器運轉良好。特別提醒：主動語態(tài)表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調外界作用造成的影響。(2)表示感受、感官的系動詞feel，sound，taste，look等后跟形容詞、名詞構成系表結構，無被動形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由聽起來合理。(3)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing/

14、to be repaired.這所房子需要修理。(4)在某些“主語(人/物)be形容詞不定式”中不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.這道題很難計算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame/let也屬于主動形式表被動意義。Who is to blame for the mistake?誰應為這個錯誤接受譴責？The hous

15、es are to let.這些房子有待出租。(6)介詞in，on，under等名詞構成介詞短語表被動意義。表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之意，其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。常見的有：under control受控制；under treatment在治療中；under repair在修理中；under discussion在討論中；under construction在施工中；beyond belief令人難以置信；beyond ones reach鞭長莫及；beyond ones control無法控制；beyond our hope我們始料不及；f

16、or sale出售；for rent出租；in print在印刷中；in sight在視野范圍內；on sale出售；on show展出；on trial受審；out of control控制不了；out of sight超出視線；out of ones reach夠不著；out of fashion不流行。如：The rumor is beyond belief(cant be believed)那個謠言令人難以置信。Today some treasures are on show(are being shown)in the museum.今天一些珍寶正在博物館展出。高頻考點一、考查動詞時

17、態(tài)例1. 【2018江蘇】 Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_ inthepast two years.A. hadbeencarriedout B. would be carried outC. isbeingcarriedout D. has been carried out【變式探究】（2017北京）People_better access to health care than they used to,and theyre living longer as a result.A. will have B.

18、have C. had D. had had 【變式探究】While online shopping _(change)our life，not all of its effects have been positive.【變式探究】in the last few years,China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making【變式探究】The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play ba

19、dminton on the playground.A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished高頻考點二、考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)例2、【2018北京】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【變式探究】（2017江蘇）He hurried home

20、, never once looking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was followingC. had been followed D. followed【變式探究】The giant panda _(love)by people throughout the world.【變式探究】-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated【變式探究】Sofia looked

21、around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _ most of the guests before.Ahas seen Bhad seenCsaw Dwould see1.【2018北京】1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started2.【2018北京】4. Susan h

22、ad quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 3.【2018北京】7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had gr

23、own4.【2018北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped5.【2018天津】13. My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being

24、 repaired D. has been repaired6.【2018天津】10. I cant find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left7.【2018江蘇】31. Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother, forwe _ more convenient electronic communicationtoo

25、lsbythen.A. have developed B. haddevelopedC. willhavedeveloped D. developed8.【2018江蘇】30. Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_ inthepast two years.A. hadbeencarriedout B. would be carried outC. isbeingcarriedout D. has been carried out1（2017江蘇） 27. He hurried home, never once look

26、ing back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was followingC. had been followed D. followed2（2017北京）_ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling3（2017北京）People_better access to hea

27、lth care than they used to,and theyre living longer as a result.A. will have B. have C. had D. had had1(2016新課標，62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I _(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre

28、centre.2(2016新課標，62)Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.3(2016四川，61)The giant panda _(love)by people throughout the world.4(2016四川，69)Then，after two and a half years，the mother _(drive)the young panda away.5(2016浙江，5)While online shopping _(change)our lif

29、e，not all of its effects have been positive.6(2016浙江，9)Silk _(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.7(2016北京，21)Jack _(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.8(2016北京，23)Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We _(wait)here for more than

30、 two hours.9(2016北京，25)I _(read)half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.10(2016北京，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _(reward)with success in the end.11(2016天津，3)When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I _(see)for years.1

31、.(2015江蘇，30)The real reason why prices (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.2.(2015湖南，22)As you go through this book, you (find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.3.(2015湖南，25

32、)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I (ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”4.(2015湖南，28)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”5.(2015湖南，32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but (hold)back

33、 thankfully by the shop window.6.(2015北京，22)Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts.7.(2015北京，26)In the last few years, China (make)great achievements in environmental protection.8.(2015北京，27)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She ( give)us clear directions and we

34、were able to find it easily.9.(2015北京，30)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I (call)him later.10.(2015浙江，8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he (go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.11.(2015重慶，1)Is Peter coming?No, he

35、(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.12.(2015重慶，13)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat (cut).13.(2015陜西，22)Marty (work)really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.14.(2015陜西，24)At college，Barack Obama didnt

36、know that he (become) the first black president of the United States of America.15.(2015四川，4)More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.16.(2015天津，6)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she (teach)a class at that time.17.(2015天津，9)Despite the pre

37、vious rounds of talks, no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.18.(2015安徽，24)Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I (leave)my book in the cafe.19.(2015安徽，29)It is reported that a space station (build)on the moon in years to come.20.(2015福建，26)To my delight, I (choose)from hundreds of app

38、licants to attend the opening ceremony.21.(2015福建，30)Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since.1.（2014安徽卷）23The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A. will finish B. finish C. have fin

39、ished D. had finished2.（2014北京卷）22. -Hi, lets go skating.- Sorry, Im busy right now. I _ in an application form for a new job.A. fillB. have filledC. am fillingD. will fill3.（2014北京卷）23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. A. byB. inC. forD. until4.（2014北京卷）31.

40、- What time is it? - I have no idea. But just a minute, I _ it for you.A. checkB. checkedC. will checkD. would check5.（2014北京卷）32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived. A. startedB. was startingC. would startD. had started6.（2014大綱卷）22. Unless extra money_, the theatre will

41、 close.A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 7.（2014大綱卷）32. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ them since.A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 8.（2014福建卷）23.Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. A. stayed B

42、. stay C. had stayed D. am staying9.（2014湖南卷）28. Since the time humankind started gardening, we _to make our environment more beautiful.A. try B. have been tryingC. are tryingD. will try10.（2014湖南卷）34. Whenever you, a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.A. boughtB. ha

43、ve bought C. will buyD. buy11.（2014江蘇卷）23.How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well, the media_it in a variety of forms.A. coverB. will coverC. have coveredD. covered12.（2014江西卷）24.-Tony , why are your eyes red ?-I _ up peppers for the last five minutes .A. cut B.

44、 was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting 13.（2014山東卷）1. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_. A. will expect B. are expecting C. expect D. had expected 14.（2014山東卷）5. They made up their mind that they_ a new house once Larry changed jobs. A. bought B. would bu

45、y C. have bought D. had bought 15.（2014陜西卷）22. During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _,A. would recommend B. had recommended C. have recommended D. were recommending16.（2014四川卷）9. She _ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A. phoned B. had phoned C. was pho

46、ning D. has phoned17.（2014天津卷）11. We wont start the work until all the preparations _.A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made18.（2014浙江卷 ）11. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _ most of the guests before.A. has seen B. had seen C. saw

47、D. would see19.（2014重慶卷 ）4. Youd better write down her phone number before you _ it .A.forget B. are forgetting C.forgot D. will gorget20.（2014重慶卷 ）8.James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _until yesterday.A. will comeB.was coming C. had comeD. came（2013新課標I卷）27. When I first met Bryan I didnt

48、like him, but I _ my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change A （2013新課標I卷）24. If we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it. A. hadnt acted B. havent acted C. dont act D. wont act C （2013浙江）10.During the last three decades, the number of people participating i

49、n physical fitness programs_ sharply.A.was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing （2013北京卷)32. - So what is the procedure?- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interviewB. are interviewingC. are interviewedD. are being interviewed（2013北

50、京卷)28. Hurry up! Mark and Carl us.A. expectB. are expectingC. have expectedD. will expect（2013北京卷)25. - Do you think Mom and Dad late?- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.wereB. will beC. would beD. have been（2013北京卷)23.Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A.

51、 had been madeB. was madeC. has been madeD. would be made（2013北京卷)22. Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problemsA. orB. andC. butD. So（2013福建卷)26.The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A. tookB. is tak

52、ingC. takesD. has been taking（2013湖南卷)34. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing（2013湖南卷)27. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days. A. would beB. isC. has been

53、D. will be（2013湖南卷)26. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. doesB. had been doneC. will doD. is done（2013湖南卷)24. Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered（2013湖南卷)22. “What do you want

54、 to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. will be（2013江蘇卷)34. What about your self-drive trip yesterday?Tiring! The road is being widened, and we _ a rough ride.A. hadB. haveC. would haveD. have had（2013江蘇卷)21. Generally, students inner m

55、otivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.A. isB. areC. wasD. were（2013江西卷)35.I _ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.A. come B. cameC. am comingD. was coming（2013山東卷)27. Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train

56、 to London. A. was leavingB. had left C. has left D. has been leaving （2013山東卷)24. I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be （2013四川)3. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ for us! A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting（2013天津卷)13

57、. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ one of the main pipes. A. had repairedB. have repairedC. repairedD. are repairing動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)是兩個非常重要的語法范疇，構成了英語語法的基本框架，幾乎所有動詞的考查都必須借助于時態(tài)和語態(tài)來完成。高考試題在考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的同時，還兼顧其他語法內容的測試，比如各種從句、強調句、倒裝句等，其交叉式和復合式的特點尤為明顯。其考點主要包括： 1注重在語境中考查常見時態(tài)的區(qū)別，如一般過

58、去時與現(xiàn)在完成時、一般現(xiàn)在時(過去時)與現(xiàn)在(過去)進行時的區(qū)別等。要求準確判斷動作和時間的關系，正確理解時間概念，如是現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來，是時間段、時間點還是時間瞬間。2遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原則，考查在狀語從句等特定語言環(huán)境中時態(tài)的代替。要求吃透語境，摸清命題人的意圖，善于捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息，克服漢語式的慣性思維。3把語態(tài)與時態(tài)結合在一起，進行綜合考查。各種常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構成，仍是高考命題的熱點之一，而且題干中有效信息越來越隱蔽，試題難度呈現(xiàn)加大的趨勢。要求明確謂語動詞與主語的關系，分清是主動還是被動。4考查主動形式表示被動意義。對語境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重

59、視有特殊用法的動詞的運用。一、高考?？嫉膸追N易混時態(tài)的辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時(1)一般現(xiàn)在時主要用于習慣性或經常性動作，常伴隨使用usually，often，seldom等頻度副詞；現(xiàn)在進行時主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)，常跟now，at present等時間狀語。He usually writes a lot of letters，but he isnt writing at present.他經常寫許多信，但他現(xiàn)在沒在寫。(2)表示客觀事實或普遍真理時，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能用現(xiàn)在進行時。The Earth goes around the Sun.地球繞著太陽轉。2一般

60、過去時與過去進行時(1)一般過去時表示一個完成的動作，而過去進行時表示過去某一階段正在進行的動作。I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小說(可能沒看完)。I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小說(已經看完了)。(2)一般過去時用于表示一個單純動作，過去進行時用于表示過去一段時間反復做的動作。Did he ask questions?他提問題了嗎？He was asking questions all the time.他始終在提問題。(3)一般過去時表示過去某個時刻發(fā)生的動作(側重說明事實)，過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一