matlabsimulink同步發(fā)電機(jī)說明復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)程

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。matlabsimulink同步發(fā)電機(jī)說明-SimPowerSystemsSimplifiedSynchronousMachineModelthedynamicsofasimplifiedthree-phasesynchronousmachine一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化的三相同步電機(jī)模型動(dòng)態(tài)LibraryMachinesDescription說明TheSimplifiedSynchronousMachineblockmodelsboththeelectricalandmechanicalcharacteristicso

2、fasimplesynchronousmachine.簡(jiǎn)體同步電機(jī)塊模型的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的同步機(jī)的電氣和機(jī)械特性。TheelectricalsystemforeachphaseconsistsofavoltagesourceinserieswithanRLimpedance,whichimplementstheinternalimpedanceofthemachine.ThevalueofRcanbezerobutthevalueofLmustbepositive.每個(gè)階段的電氣系統(tǒng)由一個(gè)系列RL的阻抗，實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)器的內(nèi)部阻抗的電壓源。R的值可以是零，但L的值必須為正。TheSimplifiedSyn

3、chronousMachineblockimplementsthemechanicalsystemdescribedby簡(jiǎn)體同步電機(jī)塊，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的?描述where其中AlthoughtheparameterscanbeenteredineitherSIunitsorperunitinthedialogbox,theinternalcalculationsaredoneinperunit.Thefollowingblockdiagramillustrateshowthemechanicalpartofthemodelisimplemented.Noticethatthemodelcomput

4、esadeviationwithrespecttothespeedofoperation,andnottheabsolutespeeditself.雖然參數(shù)可以在SI單位或單位在對(duì)話框中輸入，內(nèi)部計(jì)算單位。下面的框圖說明了模型的機(jī)械部分是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的。請(qǐng)注意，該模型計(jì)算與運(yùn)行速度的偏差，而不是絕對(duì)速度本身。TheKddampingcoefficientsimulatestheeffectofdamperwindingsnormallyusedinsynchronousmachines.Whenthemachineisconnectedtoaninfinitenetwork(zeroimpedan

5、ce),thevariationofmachinepowerangledelta()resultingfromachangeofmechanicalpower(Pm)canbeapproximatedbythefollowingsecond-ordertransferfunction:對(duì)KD的阻尼系數(shù)模擬通常用于同步電機(jī)阻尼繞組的效果。當(dāng)機(jī)器連接到無限網(wǎng)絡(luò)（零阻抗），機(jī)功率角增量（）的變化，從機(jī)械動(dòng)力的變化（下午）可近似由以下二階傳遞函數(shù)：wherePowerangledelta:angleofinternalvoltageEwithrespecttoterminalvoltage,inrad

6、iansPmMechanicalpowerinp.u.nFrequencyofelectromechanicaloscillations=inrad/sDampingratiosElectricalfrequencyinrad/sPmaxMaximumpowerinp.u.transmittedthroughreactanceXatterminalvoltageVtandinternalvoltageE.Pmax(p.u.)whereVt,E,andXareinp.u.HInertiaconstant(s)KdDampingfactor(p.u._of_torque/p.u._of_speed

7、)Thisapproximatetransferfunction,whichhasbeenderivedbyassumingsin()=,isvalidforsmallpowerangles(30degrees).ItfollowsfromtheaboveexpressionthattheKdvaluerequiredtoobtainagivendampingratiois這近似傳輸功能，已假設(shè)罪（派生），有效期為小功率角度（30度）。從上面的表達(dá)式，KD值需要獲得一個(gè)給定的阻尼比DialogBoxandParameters對(duì)話框和參數(shù)Inthepowerliblibraryyoucancho

8、osebetweentheSIunitsorthep.u.unitsSimplifiedSynchronousMachineblockstospecifytheelectricalandmechanicalparametersofthemodel.在powerlib圖書館，你可以選擇SI單位或PU單位簡(jiǎn)化同步電機(jī)塊指定的電氣和機(jī)械參數(shù)模型:Connectiontype連接類型Specifythenumberofwiresusedinthree-phaseYconnection:eitherthree-wire(neutralnotaccessible)orfour-wire(neutralis

9、accessible).指定用于三相Y接的電線數(shù)目的三線（中性不可訪問）或四線（中性訪問）Nominalpower,L-Lvoltage,andfrequency額定功率，L-L的電壓和頻率ThenominalapparentpowerPn(VA),frequencyfn(Hz),andRMSline-to-linevoltageVn(V).UsedtocomputenominaltorqueandconvertSIunitstop.u.線到線的額定視在功率PN（VA），頻率fn（赫茲），和RMS電壓VN（V）。用于計(jì)算額定轉(zhuǎn)矩和SI單位轉(zhuǎn)換到PUInertia,frictionfactora

10、ndpairsofpoles慣性，摩擦系數(shù)和對(duì)極Theinertia(Jinkg.m2orHinseconds)dampingfactor(Kd)andnumberofpairsofpoles(p).Thedampingfactorshouldbespecifiedin(p.u.oftorque)/(p.u.ofspeed)inbothmachinedialogboxes(inp.u.andinSI).慣性（秒kg.m2或HJ在）的阻尼系數(shù)（KD）和極對(duì)數(shù)（P）。應(yīng)指定阻尼系數(shù)（扭矩PU）/（PU）的速度在兩個(gè)機(jī)器對(duì)話框（PU在SI）Internalimpedance內(nèi)部阻抗Theresist

11、anceR(orp.u.)andreactanceL(Horp.u.)foreachphase.電阻R（或PU）和電抗L（H或PU）為每個(gè)階段Initialconditions初始條件Theinitialspeeddeviation(%ofnominal),rotorangle(degrees),linecurrentmagnitudes(Aorp.u.),andphaseangles(degrees).ThesevaluescanbecomputedbytheloadflowutilityofthePowerguiblock.初始速度的偏差（名義），轉(zhuǎn)子角（度），線電流的程度（A或PU）和相

12、位角（度）。這些值可以計(jì)算PowerGUI的塊的潮流實(shí)用程序NoteThesetwoblockssimulateexactlythesamesimplifiedsynchronousmachinemodel;theonlydifferenceisthewayofenteringtheparameterunits.注意這兩個(gè)塊模擬完全相同簡(jiǎn)化同步電機(jī)模型的，唯一的區(qū)別是進(jìn)入?yún)?shù)單位InputsandOutputs輸入和輸出PmThemechanicalpowersuppliedtothemachine.Theinputcanbeaconstantsignaloritcanbeconnectedt

13、otheoutputoftheHydraulicTurbineandGovernorblock.Thefrequencyoftheinternalvoltagesourcesdependsonthemechanicalspeedofthemachine.提供給本機(jī)的機(jī)械動(dòng)力。輸入可以是恒定的信號(hào)，它可以連接到水輪機(jī)的輸出和總督塊。內(nèi)部電壓源的頻率依賴于本機(jī)的機(jī)械速度ETheamplitudeoftheinternalvoltagesoftheblock.Itcanbeaconstantsignaloritcanbeconnectedtotheoutputofavoltageregulator.

14、IfyouusetheSIunitsmachine,thesetwoinputsshouldbeinwattsandvoltsphase-to-phaseRMS.Ifyouusethep.u.unitsmachine,bothinputsshouldbeinp.u.塊的內(nèi)部電壓的振幅。它可以是一個(gè)恒定的信號(hào)，它可以連接到電壓調(diào)節(jié)器的輸出。如果您使用SI單位的機(jī)器，這兩個(gè)輸入應(yīng)在瓦和伏階段相RMS。如果您使用的標(biāo)幺值單位的機(jī)器，兩個(gè)輸入端應(yīng)標(biāo)幺值mTheSimulinkoutputoftheblockisavectorcontaining12signals.Youcandemultiplexth

15、esesignalsbyusingtheBusSelectorblockprovidedintheSimulinklibrary.Simulink塊的輸出是一個(gè)含有12信號(hào)的載體。您可以通過在Simulink庫提供的總線選擇塊的解復(fù)用這些信號(hào)。信號(hào)定義單位符號(hào)1定子電流is_a一個(gè)或標(biāo)幺值ISA2定子電流is_b一個(gè)或標(biāo)幺值ISB3定子電流is_c一個(gè)或標(biāo)幺值ISC4終端電壓VAV或標(biāo)幺值VA5終端電壓VBV或標(biāo)幺值VB6端電壓VCV或標(biāo)幺值VC7內(nèi)部電壓EAV或p.uEA8個(gè)內(nèi)部電壓EBV或p.u的Eb9內(nèi)部電壓ECV或p.u的Ec10轉(zhuǎn)子角度thetaRAD轉(zhuǎn)子速度WM11rad/s時(shí)12

16、電機(jī)功率PEWPESignalDefinitionUnitsSymbol1Statorcurrentis_aAorp.u.isa2Statorcurrentis_bAorp.u.isb3Statorcurrentis_cAorp.u.isc4TerminalvoltageVaVorp.u.va5TerminalvoltageVbVorp.u.vb6TerminalvoltageVcVorp.u.vc7InternalvoltageEaVorp.uEa8InternalvoltageEbVorp.uEb9InternalvoltageEcVorp.uEc10Rotoranglethetarad1

17、1Rotorspeedwmrad/s12ElectricalpowerPeWPeAssumptions假設(shè)TheelectricalsystemoftheSimplifiedSynchronousMachineblockconsistssolelyofavoltagesourcebehindasynchronousreactanceandresistance.Alltheotherself-andmagnetizinginductancesofthearmature,field,anddampingwindingsareneglected.Theeffectofdamperwindingsis

18、approximatedbythedampingfactorKd.ThethreevoltagesourcesandRLimpedancebranchesareY-connected(threewiresorfourwires).Theloadmightormightnotbebalanced.簡(jiǎn)體同步電機(jī)塊的電氣系統(tǒng)只包括了后面的同步電抗和電阻的電壓源。所有其他的自我和電樞，領(lǐng)域和阻尼繞組的勵(lì)磁電感被忽視。阻尼繞?組的作用是近似的阻尼系數(shù)KD。Y型連接（三線或四線）三個(gè)電壓源和RL阻抗支路。負(fù)載可能會(huì)或可能不會(huì)平衡。Example示例TheHYPERLINKmatlab:power_simp

19、lealtpower_simplealtdemousestheSimplifiedSynchronousMachineblocktorepresenta1000MVA,315kV,60Hzequivalentsourceconnectedtoaninfinitebus(Three-PhaseProgrammableVoltageSourceblock).TheSimplifiedSynchronousMachine(SIUnits)blockisusedasasynchronousgenerator.Theinternalresistanceandreactancearesetrespecti

20、velyto0.02p.u.(1.9845)and0.2p.u.(X=19.845;L=0.0526H).TheinertiaofthemachineisJ=168,870kg.m2,correspondingtoaninertiaconstantH=3s.Theelectricalfrequencyiss=2*60/2=377rad/s.Themachinehastwopairsofpolessuchthatitssynchronousspeedis2*60/2=188.5rad/sor1800rpm.power_simplealt演示使用簡(jiǎn)體同步電機(jī)塊代表一個(gè)1000兆伏安，315千伏，6

21、0赫茲等效源連接到一個(gè)無限總線（三相可編程電壓源塊）。簡(jiǎn)體同步機(jī)（SI單位）塊是作為一個(gè)同步發(fā)電機(jī)。內(nèi)部電阻和電抗分別為0.02PU（1.9845）和0.2標(biāo)幺值（x=19.845，L=0.0526H）。機(jī)器的慣性是J=168870kg.m2，相應(yīng)的慣性常數(shù)h=第3號(hào)電氣頻率為S=2*60/2=377弧度/秒。本機(jī)有兩個(gè)對(duì)的極點(diǎn)，其同步速度為2*60/2=188.5RAD/s或1800轉(zhuǎn)TheLoadFlowoptionofthePowerguihasbeenusedtoinitializethemachineinordertostartsimulationinsteadystatewitht

22、hemachinegenerating500MW.Therequiredinternalvoltagecomputedbytheloadflowis1.0149p.u.ThereforeaninternalvoltageE=315e3*1.0149=319,690Vrmsphase-to-phaseisspecifiedintheConstantblockconnectedtotheEinput.ThemaximumpowerthatcanbedeliveredbythemachinewithaterminalvoltageVt=1.0p.u.andaninternalvoltageE=1.0

23、149p.u.isPmax=Vt*E/X=1.0149/0.2=5.0745p.u.潮流的PowerGUI的選項(xiàng)已被用來初始化機(jī)器，以啟動(dòng)與發(fā)電500兆瓦的機(jī)器的穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬。潮流計(jì)算所需的內(nèi)部電壓為1.0149PU因此，一個(gè)內(nèi)部電壓E=315e3*1.0149=319690指定Vrms的相相連接到E輸入常數(shù)塊。最大功率可以由機(jī)器交付與終端電壓Vt=1.0PU和內(nèi)部電壓E=1.0149標(biāo)幺值是P最大=VT*E/X=1.0149/0.2=5.0745標(biāo)幺值ThedampingfactorKdisadjustedinordertoobtainadampingratio=0.3.Accordingtot

24、heformulagivenintheDescriptionsection,therequiredKdvalueis阻尼系數(shù)KD調(diào)整，以獲得一個(gè)阻尼比=0.3。根據(jù)“說明”一節(jié)中給出的公式，需要Kd值TwoFourierblocksareusedtomeasurethepowerangle.ThisangleiscomputedasthedifferencebetweenthephaseangleofphaseAinternalvoltageandthephaseangleofphaseAterminalvoltage.兩個(gè)傅立葉塊是用來測(cè)量功率角。這個(gè)角度計(jì)算的A相內(nèi)部電壓的相位角和A相端電

25、壓相位角之間的差異。Inthisdemo,astepisperformedonthemechanicalpowerappliedtotheshaft.Themachineisinitiallyrunninginsteadystatewithamechanicalpowerof505MW(mechanicalpowerrequiredforanoutputelectricalpowerof500MW,consideringtheresistivelosses).Att=0.5sthemechanicalpowerissuddenlyincreasedto1000MW.在此演示中，第一步是對(duì)適用于

26、軸的機(jī)械動(dòng)力。該機(jī)最初是在穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行的505兆瓦的機(jī)械功率（500兆瓦的電力輸出所需的機(jī)械動(dòng)力，考慮電阻損耗）。在t=0.5秒的機(jī)械動(dòng)力突然增加至1000兆瓦。RunthedemoandobservetheelectromechanicaltransientontheScopeblockdisplayingthepowerangleindegrees,themachinespeedinrpm,andtheelectricalpowerinMW.Simulationresultsareshowninthefollowingfigure.運(yùn)行演示和機(jī)電暫態(tài)觀察的范圍塊顯示在度的角度，在RPM的機(jī)器的速度，和在兆瓦的電力。仿真結(jié)果如下圖所示ForaninitialelectricalpowerPe=500MW(0.5p.u.),theloadangleis5.65degrees,whichcorrespondstotheexpectedvalue:對(duì)于初始電力PE=500兆瓦（0.5PU），負(fù)載角為5.65度，對(duì)應(yīng)的預(yù)期值A(chǔ)sthemechanicalpowerissteppedfrom0.5p.u.to1.0p.u.,theloadanglein