初中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法大全（附初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)題100道練習(xí)附答案）

1、初中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法大全（附初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)題100道練習(xí)附答案）英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞方法主要有三種：即合成、派生和轉(zhuǎn)化。一.轉(zhuǎn)化英語(yǔ)單詞的詞性非?；钴S，名詞用作動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞， 形容詞用作動(dòng)詞等現(xiàn)象非常普遍，這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞 性的方式就叫做詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化。閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化詞，只要抓住 單詞的原始意思，結(jié)合句子成分，就容易弄清它們的引申義。1.動(dòng)詞和名詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。有時(shí)意思變化不大，有時(shí)有 一定的變化。1）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞。如：Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday?下個(gè)星期天咱們出去驅(qū)車旅行，好嗎？句中的drive由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞（詞意引申為“驅(qū)車旅行”

2、）。I often go there for a walk.我經(jīng)常去那里散步。（句中walk由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞）2）名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。如：Have you booked your ticket?你的票訂好了嗎？（句中book由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，詞意引申為“訂購(gòu)”）Hand me your knife, please.形容詞+名詞highway, blackboard, hotdog, greenhouse動(dòng)詞+副詞get-together, break-down名詞+動(dòng)名詞handwriting, storytelling副詞+名詞outbreak, overcoat動(dòng)名詞+名詞dining roo

3、m, sleeping car, reading-room.合成副詞或代詞。如：maybe, forever, myself, wholeheartedly,however, everyone, something.有時(shí)一個(gè)名詞可以構(gòu)成許多合成詞。如：handbag, handball, handwriting, hand-made初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)題100道練習(xí)附答案在單詞拼寫(xiě)過(guò)程中，我們要注意以下四點(diǎn):.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及復(fù)數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則。.動(dòng)詞的原形、三單和過(guò)去式形式。.形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)。.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的正確使用。10當(dāng)然，基本的單詞拼寫(xiě)不能出錯(cuò)，不能多字母，不能少字母，字 母的順序

4、不能出錯(cuò)，分清字母的大小寫(xiě)。建議同學(xué)們做完題后再對(duì)照后面的答案My （學(xué)生）like me and I like them.Jim and David are my （同班同學(xué)）.These are my friends.（他彳、的）names are Han Mei and Wei Hua.Is Jim Kate s（兄弟）？Those are （香蕉）.These are（桔子）.These two （婦女） are my teachers.Is（每人）here today?Thats my bird,（它的） name is Polly.Whats this in English? It

5、s a （鐘）.That s not your classroom, it s（我彳門 的）.There are many （動(dòng)物）over there.Whats in the（雙胞胎的）bedroom?Whats your （最喜歡的）colour?Are Tim and Tom in different（學(xué)校）？一Whats the time?Its a （亥U鐘）to seven.liAre there any（警察）in the room?His （衣服） are grey. What about yours?Can you count from one to a（百）?Whose

6、（女兒） are the girls? Mr Kings.There are many people in that（市場(chǎng)）Chinese is our first （語(yǔ)言）.The teachers say we must do morning（操）every day.Those young men are（士兵）.He （教） us English well, so our English is very good.Walking after supper is good for our（健 康）How much are the（西紅柿）？The Greens are going to L

7、ondon for their （假 日）.29. They are from Canada, so they are（力口拿 大人）.I want to buy a （字典）for my son.We must do our homework（仔名田）.Are you （渴）or hungry?Their（4、刀）are all old, I want a new one.Is that （建筑物）a hotel or a shop?There are many farmers in the（田士也）.12Good morning, （孩子），are we all here now?Toda

8、y is （星期二）,February 18th. Im on duty.r d like an （空的）box.How many（動(dòng)物園）are there in that city?What （別的） can you see in the picture?My bike isnt （壞的），its OK.Put your（書(shū)本）away, Lily and Kate.Yon can eat the cakes if you are （餓）Do you want any（水果）？I have porridge and eggs for（早餐）.There are some（塊）of brea

9、d on the plate.Those boys are good at（游泳）.Don t （扔）the yo - yo like that.Michael Jordan is one of the best basketball（選 手）Are the boys （騎）bikes?Jim is （澆）the flowers.The shop in our school （關(guān)11） at 9 p. m.We have a class（會(huì)議）every week.To many people, the meaning of a name is （重要 的）.55. I dont want t

10、o go to Gansu, because the weather there13 is too （壞）.My grandpa often （講） us stories.You can give him your best（祝愿）.Be quiet, the students are （上）lessons.They are going to their（故鄉(xiāng)）next week.（或許）that man is a teacher; I think.Would you like to go for a（里子炊）with us tomorrow?r m very（累）,and I want to

11、 have a good rest.Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan are all big（城市）.r m going to give my English teacher some（漂 亮的）flowers for Teachers Day.Beijing is very（遠(yuǎn)）. We have to go there by air.Lets go （劃月首）on the river.The monkeys climb up the trees（決）.September is the （九）month of the year.Lets meet （在夕卜面）the s

12、chool gate.Which month is hotter,（十月）or September?We are going to have a party to（慶祝）TeachersThey are going shopping （一起）tomorrow.Who s（高），Lily or Lucy?14Who is the （年輕） in your class?Our teacher comes into the classroom（拿著）a book in his hand.I think his story is （有趣）of the three.You must wait at ho

13、me（直至U） he comes back.His door is closed, （沒(méi)有人）is in.The farmers（種） potatoes on this farm.Its not a truck but a（拖拉機(jī)）.How many （星星）can you see in the sky?Tom runs ?？欤﹖han Jim.John wants to（飼養(yǎng)）the animals on the farm,Of all the animals, tigers are the（危險(xiǎn)）.Tomorrow we are going to learn the（十二） lesson.

14、一Shall we go to the（電影院）this afternoon?OK.一How many （嬰兒）deer are there?一Three.Please（給 看）me your new watch, I d like to have a look.Why dont we meet a little （早）？ Lets make it1:30.15Sheep and rabbits just eat （草）.Shall we go and see the clothes（表演）this evening.He says we must keep our eyes（I田）.Can y

15、ou show me the way to the （博物館）？My home is about three（公里）from our school.Youd better（說(shuō)）it in English.r m sorry hes not at home at the（瞬間，片 刻）.I think its very hard to travel （環(huán)繞）the big city.There s a lake （在 內(nèi)） the park.We cant help him, he has to ask a （女警察）for help.In a few _（月）time, it will be

16、covered with green things.答案：15:students, classmates, Their, brother, bananas6-10: oranges, women, everyone, its, clock11-15: ours, animals, twins, favourite, schools16-20: quarter, policemen, clothes, hundred, daughters2125: market, language, exercises, soldiers, teaches26 -30: health, tomatoes, ho

17、liday, Canadians, dictionary1631-35: carefully, thirsty, knives, building, field36-40: children, Tuesday, empty, zoos, else41-45: broken, books, hungry, fruit, breakfast46-50: pieces, swimming, throw, players, riding51-55: watering, closes, meeting, important, bad56-60: tells, wishes, having, hometo

18、wn, Maybe/Perhaps61-65: picnic, tired, cities, beautiful, far66-70: boating, quickly, ninth, outside, October71-75: celebrate, together, taller, youngest, with76-80: the most interesting, until/till, nobody, grow, tractor81-85: stars, faster, feed, most dangerous, twelfth86-90: cinema, baby, show, e

19、arlier, grass91-95: show, closed, museum, kilometres, say96-100: moment, around/round, inside, policewoman, months17請(qǐng)把你的刀子遞給我。（句中hand由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，詞意引申為“傳遞”）.少部分形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。The train slowed down to half its speed.火車速度減慢了一半。（句中slow由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，詞意引申為“減速”）Dont dirty your clothes.別把你的衣服弄臟了。（句中dirty由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，詞意引申為“

20、弄臟”）.形容詞和名詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。The poor were not allowed to go into this p ark those days.那個(gè)時(shí)候，窮人是不允許進(jìn)入這個(gè)公園的。（句中poor由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，詞意引申為“窮人”）They took the sick to hospital yesterday.昨天他們把那個(gè)病人送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。（句中sick由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，詞意引申為“病人”）.有些詞可以詞形不變，只因重音變化而發(fā)生詞類轉(zhuǎn)化，有 時(shí)詞義也可能變化。如：record rekoH v. I己錄 record r Ikoxd n. t己錄.有些詞詞形不變，只因詞尾的

21、清濁音變化而發(fā)生詞類轉(zhuǎn)化, 有時(shí)詞形也可以變化。如：excuse ks !kju：z v.原諒 excuse ks !k ju：s n.原識(shí)use ju：z v.用 use ju：s n.用派生詞是在一個(gè)單詞前面加前綴或后面加后綴構(gòu)成新詞。如:happy一unhappy （加前綴 un-）happy一happily （加后綴 Ty）.通過(guò)加前綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。前綴一般不造成詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換，但能引起詞義的變化。前綴中有相當(dāng)一部分可構(gòu)成反義詞。常用的前綴有:、乙 刖綴意義例詞dis-不，相反的dislike, disappear, dishonest1m-不impossible, impolitemis

22、-錯(cuò)誤的misuse, misunderstand, mistrustre-重新，再次rewrite, retellsuper-超級(jí)，上層supermarket, superman3tele-遠(yuǎn)telephone, telegram, televisionun-不unfair, unusual, unable, unlikeunder-卜而的underground, undergraduate個(gè)別前綴也可以引起詞類的變化，如：en-可以和名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞：enlarge （擴(kuò)大），enable（使能夠），encourage （鼓勵(lì)）；a-可以和名詞構(gòu)成形容詞：asleep （睡著的）；ou

23、t-可以和一些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成名詞：outcome （結(jié)果），outlet（出 口），outlook （觀點(diǎn)）。.通過(guò)加后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。后綴不僅能改變?cè)~義，也能改變?cè)~類。1）常用的構(gòu)成名詞的后綴:后綴意義例詞-er人，動(dòng)作者worker, singer, recorder, teacher-or人，動(dòng)作者actor, visitor, editor-1人，主義chemist, dentist, scient4st者ist,-ess女性actress, waitress-hood身份，狀態(tài)childhood, boyhood-ment行為，動(dòng)作，結(jié)果government, movement, deve

24、lopment-ness狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)illness, happiness-1on動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)discussion, decision, organization-th狀態(tài)length, wealth, truth-ese人Japanese, Chinese*-1an人American, musician, historian-ship狀態(tài)friendship, membership2）常用的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的后綴:無(wú)綴意義例詞en動(dòng)詞詞尾widen, strengthen, darken,fy動(dòng)詞詞尾beautify3）常用的構(gòu)成副詞的后綴:后綴意義例詞-ly副詞詞尾slowly, happily, simply-ward(s)副詞詞尾eastward(s), backward(s)4）常用的構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴:后效意義例詞able的agreeable, payable, readablean的European, American, Canadianal的political, musical由woolen, golden6en制成ed的blue-eyedful充滿的careful, painful, hopefulish的foolish, Swedishless沒(méi)有的careless, homeless, endlessly充滿，性質(zhì)friendly