備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破(練習(xí)版)

1、優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破技能 3 推理判斷題解題指導(dǎo) 素養(yǎng)提升題型特點(diǎn)推理判斷題需要考生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過對語篇邏輯關(guān)系和細(xì)節(jié)暗示的分析，做出一定的推理和判斷，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義。解答該類題目時一定要從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時借助一定的生活常識，切忌脫離原文主觀臆斷。正確選項(xiàng)特征1.“立足原文，只推一步”根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。2.一般不用表示絕對概念的詞，如：only,never,all,absolutely等；會用一些意義相對寬泛、有余地的詞，如：often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,

2、can,could,possibly,probably等。干擾選項(xiàng)特征1.選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容是原文信息的簡單重復(fù)。2.選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但片面或不完整，甚至推理過頭，引申過度。3.選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合常識，但無法由原文推斷得出此結(jié)論。4.原文中作者只是客觀地陳述事實(shí)，并未作出評論，干擾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容加入了主觀臆斷。常見設(shè)問方式考查角度(l)What can we infer about? (2)What does the author indicate/suggest/imply in?推斷隱含意義Whats the purpose of the passage? (3)Whats the function

3、of the first paragraph?(2)What was the authors initial purpose of.? (4)Why does the author mention?推斷寫作意圖(l)Whats the writers/s attitude towards? (3)How does the author feel about?(2)Whats the authors/s opinion on/about? (4)Which word best describes the authorsattitude to.?推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度(1)From which is the

4、 text probably taken? (3)In which section of a newspaper may this(2)Where is this text most likely from? text appear? 推斷文章出處What will most probably be talked about in the (2)What would the next paragraph mostnext paragraph of the passage? probably deal with? 推斷段落發(fā)展典例剖析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題規(guī)律技巧1：利用事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)推斷合理的結(jié)論是推理判斷題普

5、遍的命題策略。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，通過查讀在原文中找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)，然后抓住特定信息，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出隱含意義。注意：切勿拿文章中的某一個細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的結(jié)論；切忌脫離原文而主觀臆斷。真題典例1 (2021全國甲D篇節(jié)選)A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six.girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性別)are“really,really smart.”Even worse,the st

6、udy found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are“really,really smart.Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.33.What can we infer a

7、bout girls from the study in Science? 選項(xiàng)出處A.They think themselves smart. 四段句B.They look up to great thinkers. 四段句C.They see gender differences earlier than boys. 四段句D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 四段句路徑一 從問（題干）的角度解答一如何得出正解第l步：題干的關(guān)鍵信息為girls,study和Science。根據(jù)理解原文的三大步驟，我們回到原文四段句。該句

8、提到，科學(xué)最近發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與男孩相比，女孩在六歲時就不太會說同性“非常非常聰明”。此處只是描述一個現(xiàn)象，欲得知正確答案，還需參照下文。第2步：四段句提到，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩們會按照這種觀念行事：在六歲左右，她們開始回避那些被認(rèn)為是“非常非常聰明”的孩子才會參加的活動。由此可知，女孩們在刻意回避那些被認(rèn)為比自己優(yōu)秀的人才能參加的活動，這是因?yàn)樗齻兪艿搅松鐣^念的影響，D項(xiàng)是對原文的合理推斷，故正確。第3步：已由第2步得出正確答案，因此第3步省略。路徑二 從答（選項(xiàng)）的角度解答一如何反向印證，排除干擾項(xiàng)答案 A第1步：根據(jù)A項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞smart可定位至四段句。四段句提到，與男孩相比，女孩在六歲時

9、就不太會說同性“非常非常聰明”；句接著提到，在六歲左右，她們開始回避那些被認(rèn)為是“非常非常聰明”的孩子才會參加的活動。可見，這兩句提到的“非常非常聰明”并不是女孩對自己的評價，故排除A項(xiàng)。第2、3步：略答案B第1步：根據(jù)B項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息great thinkers可定位至四段句。該句提到，我們的地球能承擔(dān)得起讓任何偉大的思想家氣餒和放棄的后果嗎？這是作者提出的問題，此處并未提及女孩崇拜思想家，故排除B項(xiàng)。第2、3步：略答案C第1步：根據(jù)C項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞gender和boys并結(jié)合題干信息可定位至四段句。該句提到，與男孩相比，女孩在六歲時就不太會說同性“非常非常聰明”，并非女孩比男孩更早看到性別差異，

10、故排除C項(xiàng)。第2、3步：略答案D 第l步：根據(jù)D項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞beliefs并結(jié)合題干信息可定位至四段句。根據(jù)上表路徑一的第2步對該句的分析可知，女孩們之所以刻意回避被認(rèn)為比自己優(yōu)秀的人才能參加的活動，是因?yàn)樗齻兪艿搅松鐣^念的影響，D項(xiàng)是對原文的合理推斷，故正確。第2、3步：略寫作意圖題&觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題規(guī)律技巧2：各種題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫作意圖。脫可能考查全文的寫作意圖，又可能考查某一段落或某處節(jié)的寫作意圖，考生可根據(jù)文體特點(diǎn)，寫作手法或者從字里行間尋我線索來推斷。規(guī)律技巧3：者或文中人物對某事物所持的情感、規(guī)點(diǎn)或態(tài)度粒鞋隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中，所以要留意作者或人物的措辭，切不可

11、將個人的好惡態(tài)度進(jìn)題中，也要注意分清作者本人的態(tài)度和作者引用觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度。真題典例2 (2021新高考ID篇)Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的)intelligence.Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as char

12、acter,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and“people skills. Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills tha

13、t can be used for either good or bad purposes.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person

14、.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重視)on emotion by employers,ed

15、ucators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional int

16、elligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives(視角)from which to study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence,with it

17、s focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.33.Why does the author mention“doctorand“cheaterin paragraph2? 選項(xiàng)出處A.To explain a rule. 原文未提B.To clarify a concept. 二段2、3句C.To present a fact. 原文未提D.To make a prediction. 原文未提路徑一 從問（題干）的角度解答如何得出正解第1步：題干的關(guān)鍵信息為doctor、cheater和p

18、aragraph 2。根據(jù)理解原文的三大步驟，我們回到原文二段句。該句提到，醫(yī)生可能會用準(zhǔn)確理解他人感受的技能來尋找?guī)椭∪说淖詈梅椒?，而騙子可能會利用這種技能來控制潛在的受害者。由此尚無法得出答案，故還需參照下文。第2步：二段句提到，高情商并不一定會讓一個人成為有道德的人。由此可知，作者用“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”兩個相反的例子來闡釋“高情商并不一定會讓一個人成為有道德的人”這一觀點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)是對原文的合理推斷，故正確，同時可排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)。第3步：已由第2步得出正確答案，因此第3步省略。34.What is the authors attitude to the popularization of

19、 emotional intelligence? 選項(xiàng)出處A.Favorable. 全文B.Intolerant. 原文未提C.Doubtful. 原文未提D.Unclear. 原文未提路徑一 從問（題干）的角度解答一如何得出正解第1、2步：題干的關(guān)鍵信息為the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence。本題詢問作者對情商的普及持什么態(tài)度，需在看文章主旨的過程中解題，故跳過前兩步，直接進(jìn)人第3步。第3步：根據(jù)文章主旨的判定方法，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，首段開門見山指出情商的普及改變了它原來的含義，同時指出了人們對情商的

20、誤解；二段通過對比，描述了情商在不同目的的指引下造成的不同影響，引出了“情商高并不一定會使一個人成為有道德的人”這一觀點(diǎn)；三段描述了情商的普及產(chǎn)生的積極影響，指出情商的普及利大于弊；末段作者提出，希望公眾對情商的關(guān)注可以轉(zhuǎn)移至科學(xué)和學(xué)術(shù)研究方面，并指出情商可能會為我們指明正確的方向。綜上可推知，作者對情商的普及是支持的，故選A項(xiàng)。歸納拓展 按文章體裁推斷寫作意圖(l)故事類記敘文：目的通常是講述道理(to tell),一般會在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性語言。(2)廣告類語篇：目的一般是推銷產(chǎn)品、吸引顧客(to advertise/attract customers)。(3)議論文：目的是闡

21、述論點(diǎn)(to argue/persuade),一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：提出論點(diǎn)一進(jìn)行論證一得出結(jié)論，寫作意圖通常隱含于最后一部分。(4)科普、文化類說明文：目的大多是介紹科普知識、科技產(chǎn)品、文化淵源等(to inform)。歸納拓展常見的表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、情感等的詞語(l)表示褒義/支持/肯定：approving贊成的supportive支持的：positive積極樂觀的optimistic樂觀的；confident有信心的reasonable合理的；admiring贊賞的；enthusiastic熱情的，熱心的。(2)表示中立：neutral中立的；objective客觀的；not mentioned未提

22、及的；indifferent/uninterested不感興趣的，不關(guān)心的。(3)表示貶義/反對/否定：disapproving不贊成的；disgusted厭惡的；critical批評的；negative否定的，消極的；disappointed失望的；impractical不實(shí)際的；intolerant不能容忍的；prejudiced有偏見的；doubtful/ suspicious/skeptical懷疑的；ambiguous模棱兩可的；embarrassed尷尬的。文章出處題規(guī)律技巧4：幾乎所有話題的文章都可能涉及文章出處、文章類別或讀者對象題。推斷文章出處或類別題要從文章結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特色和

23、標(biāo)志信息著手，結(jié)合文章的具體內(nèi)容來判定。確定讀者對象要從文章內(nèi)容和文章措辭來判斷。真題典例3 (2021全國甲A篇)Take a view,the Landscape(風(fēng)景)Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite,one of todays most respected landscape photographers.Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showca

24、se the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.Mike Shepherd(2011)Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria,EnglandIt was an extremely cold winters evening and freezing fog hung in the air.I climbed to the t

25、op of a small rise and realized that the mist was little more than a few feet deep,and though it was only a short climb,I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.I used classical techniques, translated from my college days

26、spent in the darkroom into Photoshop,to achieve the black-and-white image(圖像)Timothy Smith(2014)Macclesfield ForestCheshire,EnglandI was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe,a local high point,I came across a small

27、 clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.23.Where can the text be found? 選項(xiàng)出處A.In a history book. 原文未提B.In a novel. 原文未提C.In a

28、n art magazine. 全文D.In a biography. 原文未提路徑一 從問（題干）的角度解答如何得出正解第1、2步：題干詢問在哪里可以看到這篇文章。這需要從文章主旨入手，故可跳過前兩步，直接進(jìn)入第3步。第3步：根據(jù)文章主旨的判定方法，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章一段主要介紹了“視界”年度風(fēng)光攝影師大賽；二、三段分別介紹了兩名參賽攝影師及其作品。綜上可知，文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在藝術(shù)雜志里，而非歷史書、小說或者傳記中。C項(xiàng)是對原文的合理推斷，故正確，同時可排除A、B、D三個選項(xiàng)。歸納拓展文章出處匯總(l) 文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱newspaper(2) 推銷介紹新產(chǎn)品、新書、新影片adv

29、ertisement(3) 文章中有click,download,access等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語website(4) 旅游景點(diǎn)介紹travel guide/guidebook(5) 科普知識/研究介紹science report/study report(6) 文化教育性的文章education section(7) 時尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹magazine/journal/entertainment section限時訓(xùn)練 應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)Passage 1 （2021天津高考真題）When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself descri

30、bing an urgent need that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems publ

31、ished. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began.Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures on the way, and

32、 that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day.As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 AM. The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arms reach. The

33、 second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began.Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting m

34、any excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line

35、 of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel.What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough

36、decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way.1What motivated the author to start her writing career?AHer strong wish to share.BHer keen interest in writing.CHer urgent need to make a living.DHer passionate desire for fame.2What problem did the author face when s

37、he decided to begin her writing?AShe was too exhausted to write after a busy day.BShe had trouble in deciding on her writing style.CShe had to take time to discipline her daughter.DShe was unsure about her writing skills.3Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway?AIn case the clock in h

38、er room broke down.BIn case she failed to hear the ringing.CTo force herself out of bed.DTo wake up her family.4How did the author manage to finish her novel?ABy sticking to writing every morning.BBy writing when her mind was most active.CBy drawing inspirations from classic novels.DBy reducing her

39、teaching hours at school.5What can we learn from the authors success in her writing career?AIt is never too late to change your job.BImaginative ideas die away if not taken in time.CA tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action.DDaily life provides ideas for creative writing.Passage 2 （2021天津高考真題

40、）When starting college, most students enjoy a weeks stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.Participating in Campus Welcome ActivitiesMost universities host welcome events before the academic year

41、 officially begins, including freshmen orientations （迎新會），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fiin? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of

42、 your university? It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom.Exploring CampusGetting to know where essential campus resources aresuch as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring centerwill make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you wont

43、have to look for them while still getting used to your classes.Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If youre worried

44、about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run wont hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.Starting a RoutineBefore getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do h

45、ave a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so its a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to ge

46、t to those early classes and stay wide awake.If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule.6By participating in campus welcome act

47、ivities, freshmen can .Alearn about campus cultureBget their course scheduleChave a physical examinationDtake an entrance test7Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings ?ATo see how many facilities they can use.BTo avoid being late for future classes.CTo help those getting

48、lost on campus.DTo practice running on their way to class.8When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine?AOn the first day of their classes.BBefore the orientation week.CAfter their first-day classes.DDuring the orientation week.9What does the author suggest freshmen do to st

49、ay focused in class?ATake physical exercise before class.BLeave their phones powered off.CTake early classes every day.DKeep to the sleep schedule.10What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo offer some tips on making an easier start at college.BTo remind freshmen about the first day of

50、 school.CTo help freshmen organize campus activities.DTo share his college experience with the reader.Passage 3 （2021四川宜賓市李莊中學(xué)校一模） After his father was rushed to the hospital, Yanatha Desouvre began to panic. So he did the one thing he knew would calm himself: He wrote. Over the next few weeks, Deso

51、uvre filled several notebooks, writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad. “Writing allowed me to face my fear,” says Desouvre, “My pen was a tool to process the pain.”He is in good company. An extensive body of research shows benefits to writing about a traumatic (創(chuàng)傷) experi

52、ence in a manner that psychologists refer to as “expressive writing.”James Pennebaker, a psychology professor, says that studies have looked at the potential benefits of expressive writing and found that it can strengthen the immune system, including for people with illnesses such as cancer, depress

53、ion, and PTSD(創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙). It can also help reduce chronic pain(慢性痛), and improve mood, sleep, and memory. And it may even help reduce symptoms of depression and PTSDExpressive writing works because it allows you to make meaning out of a painful experience, experts say. It can be a powerful coping tool

54、 for many, in large part because it helps reduce the secrecy people often feel about a trauma, as well as their reluctance to face emotions. The mere act of labeling a feelingof putting words to an emotioncan hold back the neural activity in the threat area of the brain. Writing can increase someone

55、s acceptance of their experience, and acceptance is calming.Recognizing that something is bothering you is an important first step. Translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts. And creating a narrative gives you a sense of control.11Why is Desouvres story mentioned

56、 in Paragraph 1?ATo bring up the topic.BTo make a comparison.CTo tell readers a real story.DTo explore the key to writing.12What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe results traumatic experience causes.BThe benefits that expressive writing brings.CThe symptoms traumatic experience shows.DThe ways

57、 expressive writing strengthens immunity.13What can we conclude about expressive writing?AIt contributes to better writing.BIt lets us know how people obtain pain.CIt can help face miserable experience.DIt has been used widely in the daily life.14Where is the passage probably taken from?AA text book

58、.BA news report.CA writing guide.DA medical magazine.Passage 4 （2021安徽模擬預(yù)測） Weve all heard the stories of an actors struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hard life, working part time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. Shelby, the star of “A Dogs Way Home,” has a hard-lu

59、ck tale that could top them all. Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal.Shelbys big break came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was driving in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Out on an unrelated call, Buhler spotted and approa

60、ched what she recalled was a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump. “I knelt down and just said, Oh, come here, baby,” said Buhler. “She was so scared, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” The pair headed to the county animal shelter, where the staff began ca