被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)(最終版)課件

1、(最新整理)被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)(最終版)2021/7/261被動語態(tài)2021/7/262一、語態(tài) 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示句子主語與謂語的關(guān)系。當(dāng)謂語動詞表示一個動作時，它和主語有兩種關(guān)系：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。2021/7/263e.g. 1.Many people speak English. （主動語態(tài), 句子的主語many people是 動作speak的執(zhí)行者） 2. English is spoken by many people. （被動語態(tài), 句子的主語English是動作 speak

2、的承受者）2021/7/264被動語態(tài)由“be + done”構(gòu)成。與主動語態(tài)一樣，被動語態(tài)也有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成2021/7/265S(主語)+am/ is/ are + done三、一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成2021/7/266His brother washes bowls every day.主謂賓(承受者)Bowls are washedbyhis brother every day.四、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)2021/7/267eg.They make shoes in that factory. 主語 + 謂 + 賓語Shoes are made by them

3、 in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時：S(主語）+am/is /are +過去分詞2021/7/2681. We use computers to search information. _2. The teacher often repeats the story. _Computers are used to search information by us. The story is often repeated by the teacher.2021/7/2693. Bill looks after his cats carefully. _4. We dont often s

4、peak English at home. _The cats are looked after carefully by Bill. English isnt often spoken by us at home. 2021/7/2610They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The home

5、work is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.2021/7/2611Exercise 1.-Why does the earth look blue in space？-Because most of the earths surface _ by waterAcovers Bis covered CcoverDare covered 2. -As China grows stronger and stronger，

6、Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country AteachesBtaught Cis taughtDwas taught3. Dont smoke here, Dad. Smoking _ in public places.isnt allowed B.arent allowed C. doesnt allow4. Every day, too much water in our school. We should save it.is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted5. Have

7、you heard of the song Little Apple? -Yes. It _every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. A. is played B. plays C. was played D. played2021/7/2612一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的句式變化 肯定句 主語+be done +其他 否定句 主語+be not done +其他一般疑問句Be +主語 +done +其他?肯定回答：Yes, 主語+be否定回答：No,主語+ be not2021/7/2613被動語態(tài)的肯定句： 否定句：

8、 English isnt spoken by us.主動語態(tài)的肯定句： We speak English. 一般疑問句： Is English spoken by us? 肯定回答： Yes, it is. 否定回答： No, it isnt. English is spoken by us.2021/7/26141.Jim uses this computer every day.2.Lucys mother often waters these flowers.This computer is used by Jim every day.These flowers are often w

9、atered by Lucys mother.變?yōu)榉穸ê鸵话阋蓡柧銽his computer isnt used by Jim every day.Is this computer used by Jim every day?變?yōu)榉穸ê鸵话阋蓡柧銽hese flowers arent often watered by Lucys mother.Are these flowers often watered by Lucys mother.2021/7/2615He looked after the little baby yesterday.主謂賓(承受者)The little baby wa

10、s looked afterbyhim yesterday .六、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：S+was/were +過去分詞2021/7/26162. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought by them last term.2021/7/2617They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used

11、this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.2021/7/2618Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主謂賓The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.七、一般將來時的

12、被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： S+ will+be+過去分詞2021/7/2619eg.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished by themin ten days.2021/7/2620We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be

13、 had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.2021/7/2621八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.2021/7/2622eg.Lucy is wa

14、tering the trees. The trees is being watered by Lucy.2021/7/2623九、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： S+ have/has + been +過去分詞We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.2021/7/2624eg.We have finished our compositions. Our compositions have been finished by us.2021/7/2625Amy can take good care of G

15、ina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.構(gòu)成：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞十、情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)2021/7/26261.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The li

16、ghts must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.2021/7/2627Exercises：1.Many people speak English.2.People used knives for cutting things.3.We can use the box as a table.4.We should clean the classroom every day.5.She will repair the bike tomorrow. English is spoken by many peop

17、le.Knifves were used by people for cutting things.The box can be used by us as a table.The classroom should be cleanedd by us every day.The bike will be repaired by her tomorrow.2021/7/2628各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時：一般將來時： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：過去進(jìn)行時： 現(xiàn)在完成時： 情態(tài)動詞： S+ am/is /are + doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+ wil

18、l + be + done S+ am/is/are + being+ doneS+ have/has + been+ doneS+ was/were + done各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成S+ was/were + being+ done2021/7/2629被動語態(tài)的幾種類型1.使役動詞的被動語態(tài) make sb do let sb. do have sb.do be made to dobe let to do be had to doEg. I made him stay outside. He was made to stay outside by me. 2021/7/2630 see

19、 sb. do hear sb. do watch sb. dobe seen to dobe heard to dobe watched to doeg. I saw her go out. She was seen to go out by me.注意: see sb. doing hear sb. doing watch sb. doing be seen doingbe heard doingbe watched doingEg. I hear her reading English .She is heard reading English. 2.感官動詞的被動語態(tài)2021/7/26

20、31即feel , hear , listen ,look , watch , see , notice ， have , make , let這些詞在主動句中，其后的動詞不定式不加to，但變被動句時必須加to. (1).I saw him play basketball last Sunday.Hewas seento play basketball last Sunday by me.(2).We heard them sing in the classroom.Theywere heardto sing in the classroom by us.2021/7/2632Try the

21、following:1. They made us do all the work.2. I often see him walk to school.3. Did you see them get off the bus?4. Was Lily heard to sing upstairs last night? (you)5. The girl was seen _ with her mother at 8:00 yesterday. A. quarrel B. quarreling C. to quarrel D. quarreledWere they seen to get off t

22、he bus by you?Did you hear Lily sing upstairs last night?BWe were made to do all the work by them.He is often seen to walk to school by me.2021/7/2633 help sb (to) do - be helped to do. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. 3.help sb (to) do2021/7/26344

23、.帶雙賓語句子的被動語態(tài).（指物的賓語叫直接賓語， 指人的賓語叫間接賓語）常見的接雙賓語的動詞有: to: pass, give, tell, lend, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”當(dāng)主語時，變法和一般的變法一樣；以“物”當(dāng)主語時，在保留的間接賓語前必須加to或for.2021/7/2635如：1.He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom. give me a book間直= give a

24、book to me直間 2. I bought him a book. He was bought a book by me. A book was buoght for him by me. buy him a book= buy a book for me間直直間2021/7/2636如：1.He showed me a book yesterday. I was shown a book by him yesterday.（以I做主語） A book was shown to me by him yesterday.（以物a book作主語） 2.He teaches us Engli

25、sh. We are taught English by him. （以人當(dāng)主語） English is taught to us by him. （以物作主語）2021/7/2637Try the following:1. The teacher gave Jim some books. 2. His parents bought him a new bike.Jim was given some books by the teacher.Some books were given to Jim by the teacher.He was bought a new bike by his p

26、arents.A new bike was bought for him by his parents.2021/7/2638 We know that the West Lake is very beautiful. It is known that the West Lake is very beautiful. They say that Father Christmas is based on a real person. It is said that Father Christmas is based on a real person.5.當(dāng)主動語態(tài)的賓語是句子時（即是賓語從句），

27、變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時通常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。2021/7/2639a girl called Cuihua 一個叫翠花的女孩a book bought yesterday 一本昨天買的書 get/make/have sth done 使某物被 make me understood 使我被理解/使人理解我 have my hair cut 使我頭發(fā)被剪/請人給我剪頭6.過去分詞做后置定語，表示被動7.過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)，表示被動2021/7/2640（1）、主語是物，謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩缘膭釉~。常見的這類動詞有write /wash/sell/ run well等。例如： The

28、 machine runs well. This pen writes well. The book sells well. 主動形式表示被動意義。 2021/7/2641（2）系表結(jié)構(gòu)look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear, seem等。例如： Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltCYour idea sounds reasonable. 2021/7/2642（3）、 sth .need / req

29、uire doing =sth. need / require to be done Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improvedC（4）come out / run out/come true 2021/7/26431. 有的be +done 形式是系表結(jié)構(gòu) The cup is broke

30、n . The store is usually closed at 6:00 a.m.注意eg. The doctor looked after the patient carefully.2. 動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時, 后面的介詞不能省。The patient was looked after carefully by the doctor.2021/7/2644（1）there be 句式?jīng)]有被動語態(tài)。(2)不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 (happen, come true, come, go )（3）賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時。 We often help each other. He ta

31、ught himself. 不能用于被動語態(tài)的幾種情況2021/7/2645(4)當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的及物動詞時 (如have , like , take place , belong to ） I like these flowers. 我喜歡這些花。 I will have a meeting. 不說A meeting will be had. 應(yīng)說A meeting will be held . (5)系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子沒有被動。（look, sound, feel, taste, smell）eg. He looks sad. It feels soft. It taste delicious

32、.2021/7/2646八、初中教材中與被動語態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有：1be covered with被覆蓋2be made of由制作（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from由制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用來 be used as被當(dāng)作（作為）來使用 be used to do sth被用來做某事4It is said/reported/believed that 據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/ 人們相信 It is hoped that希望 It is well-known that眾所周知2021/7/2647 把下列句

33、子變成被動語態(tài):A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoPractice2021/7/2648 把下列句子變成被

34、動語態(tài):A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoPractice2021/7/26494)Well put on

35、 the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year2021/7/265

36、0填空（完成被動語態(tài)填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改為被動語態(tài)） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week . iscleanedwas given byPractice2021/7/26513. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上） Eng

37、lish _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month. can be spokenhas been learnedwill be published2021/7/2652中考挑戰(zhàn)2021/7/26531. An

38、other man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟(jì)南市中考題） another man-made satellite into space last week.變主動語態(tài)2.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青島市中考題）3. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考題）They sen

39、t upwere planted are grown中考題2021/7/26541. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place3. The new type of car is going to _ in

40、 three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：選擇填空2021/7/26555. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C.

41、feels D. is felt6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it to

42、ok B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken2021/7/26569. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be give

43、n C. would have given D. would be given11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on 2021/7/2657 13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let

44、to C. was let D. were let to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for 16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have be