硅烷在涂料中的具體應用

1、Silanes for Coatings硅烷在涂料中的具體應用Company History 公司的歷史1993 Divestiture1995 Acquisition1999 Merger / Crompton & Knowles2000 Name Change2003 AcquisitionLate 1950s2006 DivestitureFunction of Silanes in Coatings硅烷在涂料中的特殊功能Adhesion Promotion 增強附著力Especially between organic polymers and inorganic oxide subs

2、trates 特別是在有機聚合物與無機氧化物之間Some examples exist for adhesion to nonfunctional organic substrates 在難附著的有機底材上增強附著力Crosslinking 交聯(lián)劑Convert reactive polymers (isocyanate, polyol, polyamine) to moisture cure chemistry 可反應性聚合物具有潮氣固化反應的特點VOC Reduction 減少 VOCDispersion 幫助分散Compatibilize high-energy particulates

3、 with organic matrices 幫助高能量粒子在有機物中的分散；Silanes are Dual-Functional Molecules硅烷是雙功能的分子Organic portion bonds or interacts with a polymer or organic surface. 有機基團可以與聚合物或有機表面形成化學鍵；Silane portion bonds or interacts with metal, glass or inorganic surface (adhesion). 硅烷基團可以與金屬，玻璃等無機表面形成化學鍵；Can react with o

4、ther silane-modified polymers (crosslinking). 可與其它硅烷改性的聚合物反應（交聯(lián)）Hydrolysis and Condensation水解和縮合反應1. Hydrolysis Reaction 水解反應 OHH2N(CH2)3Si (OCH3)3 H2N(CH2)3Si OH + 3 CH3OH (Silquest A-1110 silane) OH2. Condensation 縮合反應 OH OHH2N(CH2)3Si OH + HO Si H2N(CH2)3Si O Si OH OHH2O- H2OSurface silanolFuncti

5、onalized surfaceHydrolysis and Condensation of Organofunctional Silanes pH值對硅烷水解和縮合反應的影響log k pH水解(kobs, s-1)縮合(kobs, M-1s-1)E. R. Pohl et. al. Function of Silanes in Coatings硅烷在涂料中的特殊功能Adhesion Promotion 增強附著力Especially between organic polymers and inorganic oxide substrates 特別是在有機聚合物與無機氧化物之間Some e

6、xamples exist for adhesion to nonfunctional organic substrates 在難附著的有機底材上增強附著力Crosslinking 交聯(lián)劑Convert reactive polymers (isocyanate, polyol, polyamine) to moisture cure chemistry 可反應性聚合物具有潮氣固化反應的特點VOC Reduction 減少 VOCDispersion 幫助分散Compatibilize high-energy particulates with organic matrices 幫助高能量粒子

7、在有機物中的分散；How Does Silane Enhance Adhesion硅烷增加附著力的化學原理Metal = SubstrateMatch FG with Resin system有機基團與樹脂的反應性相匹配FG = 有機基團Relative Silane Effectiveness有機硅烷對無機材料的反應性Silica, Quartz, Glass 石英，玻璃Aluminum, Alumina 鋁材，氧化鋁Copper 銅Wollastonite 硅酸鹽Aluminosilicates (clays)硅酸鋁Mica云母Talc 滑石粉Iron, steel 鐵，鋼Asbestos

8、 石棉Nickel 鎳Zinc 鋅Lead 鉛Calcium carbonate (chalk)碳酸鈣Calcium sulfate (gypsum)硫酸鈣Barium sulfate (baryte)硫酸鋇Carbon black (untreated)碳黑Graphite 石墨Excellent優(yōu)異Good好Some一般None無作用How do you use a Silane? 如何使用硅烷Two ways 兩種方法 ： Primer 作為底涂 Integral Blend 添加在涂料中Primer: Pretreat substrate with silane. Very effic

9、ient use of silane for adhesion promotion, not efficient resin crosslinking (minimal stability problem), two step process.底涂:硅烷對基材預處理，對附著力促進非常有效，不影響樹脂的貯存穩(wěn)定性，兩步法底涂涂料。Integral blend: Mix silane into coating formulation. Much better for crosslinking, also good for adhesion promotion. Possible silane hy

10、drolysis and condensation on storage. Most customers will do it this way.將硅烷添加到涂料配方中，增加樹脂體系的交聯(lián)密度，同時促進附著力。在儲存時，硅烷可能會發(fā)生水解和縮合反應，影響儲存穩(wěn)定性。Typical Primer Formulation硅烷底涂的參考配方Primer suitable for an epoxy or urethane system適用于環(huán)氧或聚氨酯涂料：組份重量份Silquest A-1100或A-1120硅烷 5SDA-30 醇(91.11%乙醇+8.89%甲醇) 40蒸餾水 Distilled

11、 water 5甲苯 toluene 40n-丁醇 n-Butanol 5丁基纖維素Butyl Cellosolve 5Application of Primer 底涂的應用Dissolve 0.5-5.0 weight percent silane in a compatible, volatile solvent (or mixture) 溶解0.5-5.0硅烷于揮發(fā)溶劑中Alcohols are most commonly used, for water compatibility.對不溶于水的硅烷，通常使用乙醇，以保持與水的相溶性Equal parts water (based on

12、silane) may be added to prehydrolyze silane if water is compatible with the solvent. 加入與硅烷相同量的水來預水解If primer is to be used immediately, the solution may be acidified.如果底涂馬上使用，溶液可以是酸性的Apply to clean, grease-free surface. 涂布于清潔無油的表面Wiping, spraying, brushing, dipping，擦涂，噴涂，刷涂，浸涂Film thickness 0.1 mil

13、， 膜厚400-1% CoatOSil 1757100861.752% CoatOSil 1757180881.63% CoatOSil 1757320891.556% CoatOSil50.5% A-17440881.6Crosslinking and performance increases with increasing silane incorporation 交聯(lián)密度和性能隨硅烷用量的增加而增加Performance Summary of Silylated Latexes硅烷化乳液的性能* Mole % silaneCured 20 min. 120 C

14、Measurement of Silane Hydrolysisof Silylated Latexes硅烷化乳液中硅烷水解的測定Not easy to do quantitatively, reproducibly 難以定量，重復性差Technique must not allow further hydrolysis 測定時，要控制硅烷不再繼續(xù)水解Solution 解決方案:Low-temperature trap-to-trap separation of volatiles (低溫冷阱法分離揮發(fā)組分）GC analysis for alcohol of hydrolysis (GC 分

15、析水解產(chǎn)物醇）Solid-state 29Si NMR analysis of non-volatile polymer (固態(tài) 29Si NMR 分析不揮發(fā)的聚合物）Separation of Volatiles from Solids in Silylated Latexes 從硅烷化乳液中分離揮發(fā)組分Done cold to prevent silane hydrolysis/condensation保持低溫 阻止硅烷水解/縮聚Trap-to-trap distillation technique used 低溫冷阱蒸餾技術:Freeze sample in liquid N2 用液氮冷

16、卻樣品Attach to system containing U-tube, trap 用U型管連接真空冷阱和樣品Evacuate system, freeze trap with liq. N2 真空體系，用液氮冷卻Seal system 密閉體系Warm sample, allow volatiles to condense in cold trap 加熱樣品，用冷阱收集揮發(fā)組分Recover solids and liquids for analysis得到固體和液體用于分析Analyze Solids by 29Si NMR, Liquids by GC for alcohol of

17、hydrolysis固態(tài)物質用 29Si NMR 分析，液態(tài)物質（水解產(chǎn)物）用GC分析Trap-to-trap distillation separates volatiles from polymer用低溫冷阱法把聚合物與揮發(fā)組分分離Apparatus for Trap-to-Trap Distillation低溫冷阱蒸餾裝置Hydrolysis of Alkoxy Groups During Emulsion Polymerization 乳液聚合過程中烷氧基基團的水解CoatOSil 1706 shows greater extent of hydrolysis than CoatOSi

18、l 1757CoatOSil 1706的水解度高于CoatOSil 1757SeedformationMonomer feed/ polymerizationComparison of Silane Hydrolysis During Emulsion Polymerization 乳液聚合過程中硅烷水解度的對比Methoxy-substituted silane monomers hydrolyze to a much greater extent during emulsion polymerization甲氧基硅烷單體在乳液聚合過程的水解度較大Methacryl 甲基丙烯酰氧基 Viny

19、l 乙烯基Alkoxy Groups 烷氧基團Isopropoxy Methoxy異丙氧基 甲氧基28 6867 92Effect of Buffer on Silylated Latex from CoatOSil 1757緩沖液對含CoatOSil 1757乳液性能的影響New Product Introduction新產(chǎn)品介紹Vinyl Silane CompositionCoatOSil* VX-193乙烯基硅烷組分CoatOSil VX-193Silquest* A-151CoatOSil 19311.7%25 %122CFeatures of Silanes Monomers an

20、d CoatOSil* VX-193硅烷單體和CoatOSil VX193 的描述15.1%82%160CVinyl cont. by wt. 乙烯基含量VOC equivalent VOC當量Boiling point 沸點Specific gravity 比重Silquest* RC-19.1%49%160CColorless28C100%Colorless44C100%Appearance 外觀Flash point 閃點Active material 活性物質Colorless44C100%Silylated VeoVA model latexes 硅烷基叔碳酸乙烯酯乳液Initial

21、 Charge Reactor 初始投料 Charge %weightDemineralized water Sodium bicarbonate Potassium Persulphate Cellosize QP 300 5 0.25Monomer pre-emulsion 單體預乳化Water 水 389 20.3Sodium bicarbonate 碳酸鈉 VeoVa 10 2-EHA Vinyl acetate Silanes 硅烷 5 0.26 ( 0.5% / monomers)Initiator solution 引發(fā)劑溶液Demineralized water Potassi

22、um persulphate Total 總重 1920 100Pre-Emulsion Technique 預乳化的技術The initial reactor charge is heated up to 60C under nitrogen blanketing. Then nitrogen blanket is stopped and 2.5 % of the total monomer pre-emulsion is added. Heating is continued until 80C , after which the remaining monomer pre-emulsio

23、n and the initiator solution are gradually added into the reactor during 3 hours and 3hours and 15 minutes respectively. The reactor is kept at 80C for 2 more hours before cooling and filtration. In all cases no coagulum was detected.By Courtesy of HexionLatex Formulation乳液配方 Copolymer VeoVA / VA /

24、2EHA / Silane - colloid stabilized 使膠體穩(wěn)定Coagulum 凝聚物 Dry Polymer remaining in the reactor after synthesis ( 0/00 ) 反應結束后，反應釜中殘余的聚合物含量Grit content 粒子含量 Dry Polymer filtered out from latex on 80 microns (0/00 ) 乳液經(jīng)過濾(80um)后的聚合物含量Impact of CoatOSil* VX-193 on Coagulum and Grit during polymerization在乳液聚

25、合中CoatOSil VX193 對凝聚物和粒子的影響Conclusion;結論CoatOSil VX193 has limited impact on coagulum and tends to give less premature crosslinking in the polymer. CoatOSil VX193對凝聚物形成的影響有限; 聚合過程中可避免過早交聯(lián)。Latex Formulation Copolymer VeoVA / VA / 2EHA / Silane - colloid stabilized Latex deposit Deposit on Teflon 7 da

26、ys RT 涂在Teflon上室溫放置7天Test methods Gel Content ;Extraction Soxhlet 8h MEK - % remaining polymer 凝膠含量； MEK萃取8h 殘余聚合物的Impact of CoatOSil* VX-193 on Gel Content of VeoVa based latexesCoatOSil VX193對叔碳酸乙烯酯乳液中凝膠含量的影響Conclusion;結論CoatOSil* VX-193 improves the Gel Content of VeOVA/VA/2-HEA latex polymers. E

27、nhanced chemical resistances are foreseeable.CoatOSil* VX-193 提高VeOVA/VA/2-HEA 乳液中凝膠含量。提高耐化學品穩(wěn)定性是可以預見的Matt Paint (80% PVC) Preparation亞光涂料 (80 PVC)制備TiO2 and CaCO3 Dispersion鈦白粉和碳酸鈣的分散 Paste漿料Matt Paint (80% PVC)DISPERSION PASTE 81.8 %分散體VeoVA / Silane Latex9.5 %Demineralised water5.7 %去離子水Natrosol

28、250 HHBR 2%aq.1.7 %Byk 0370.10%ButylGlycol1.2 % 乙二醇丁醚VeoVA / Silane latex, VeoVA /硅烷乳液：VeoVA base latex No silane VeoVA / Silane* RC-1 0.5 and 1% / monomer VeoVA / CoatOSil* 193 or Silquest* A-151 0.5% / monomer By Courtesy of HexionLatex Formulation 乳液配方Copolymer VeoVA / VA / 2EHA / Silane - colloi

29、d stabilized Paint Formulation 涂料配方80% PVC - with CoalescentApplication conditions 應用條件120 microns dry deposit on Lenetta black card 28days RTTest method 測試方法 Wet Scrub test DIN 53778 and ISO 11998Impact of CoatOSil* VX-193 on Wet Scrub of VeoVa based paints CoatOSil VX193對VeoVa乳液涂料耐濕擦洗性的影響 Conclusi

30、on;結論CoatOSil VX-193 Improves Wet Scrub resistancesCoatOSil VX-193 提高耐濕擦洗性Impact of CoatOSil* VX-193 on Wet Scrub of VeoVa based latexes CoatOSil VX193對VeoVa乳液涂料耐濕擦洗性的影響Latex Formulation 乳液配方 Copolymer VeoVA / VA / 2EHA / Silane - colloid stabilized Paint Formulation 涂料配方 80% PVC - with CoalescentCo

31、atings conditions 涂料條件 Deposit on Lenetta black card- Curing conditions ; 50C-1 daysTest method 測試方法 Wet Scrub test DIN 53778 and ISO 11998Conclusion; 結論CoatOSil VX-193 Improves Wet Scrub resistancesCoatOSil VX-193 提高耐濕擦洗性Latex Formulation 乳液配方 Copolymer VeoVA / VA / 2EHA / Silane - colloid stabiliz

32、edAgeing conditions Latexes 乳液熟化條件 1 week at RT - 70 days at RT - 70 days at 50CApplication conditions 應用條件 120 microns dry deposit on Lenetta black card 28days RTTest method 測試方法 Wet Scrub test DIN 53778Impact of ageing of CoatOSil* 193 on Wet Scrub of VeoVa based paints CoatOSil VX193對VeoVa乳液涂料耐濕擦

33、洗性的影響Conclusion;結論CoatOSil VX-193 Improves Wet Scrub resistances.Ageing of the latex in normal or accelerated conditions have less impact on CoatOSil VX-193CoatOSil VX-193 提高耐濕擦洗性。 CoatOSil VX-193在正?；蚣铀贄l件下熟化， 對耐擦洗性的影響變化不大。FEATURES 特色BENEFITS 優(yōu)點Water stable silane composition use full for emulsion po

34、lymerization水穩(wěn)定型硅烷用于乳液聚合中Good hydrolytic Stability 水解穩(wěn)定性Lower solvent content 低溶劑含量Organic & inorganic functionality 同時具有有機和無機的功能 Low VOC generation upon cure 在固化時，產(chǎn)生低VOCBetter control of polymerization 較好地控制聚合反應Very good Wet Scrub resistance 提高耐擦洗性Enhanced hydrophobicity 增強憎水性Higher polymer stabili

35、ty upon ageing在乳液熟化期，聚合物具有高穩(wěn)定性；Room temperature self-crosslinking 室溫自交聯(lián)Features and Benefits of CoatOSil* VX-193CoatOSil VX193 的特色和優(yōu)點Use of Silanes to Cross-link Coatings硅烷作為涂料的交聯(lián)劑Two Systems: Solvent Borne and Water Borne 兩種系統(tǒng) : 溶劑型和水性Two main ways: 兩種主要路經(jīng):Co-polymerize共聚合Use a functional silane as

36、 a monomer in polymer formation 選用具有反應活性的硅烷作為單體形成聚合物Post-Addition/Blend 后添加/混合After the polymer is formed, react a functional silane with it. 形成聚合物后，再與反應活性的硅烷反應Functionalizing Anionic Resin with Epoxy Silanes陰離子樹脂與環(huán)氧硅烷的反應 Anionic resin陰離子樹脂 OOC-NR3HCrosslinked 交聯(lián)SiSiOOOOSiOOYYYYSiOOAdhesion附著力Coupli

37、ng偶聯(lián)Particle填料Substrate基材SiOHYHOOHGrafting 接枝 Hydrolysis水解RSi(OEt )3O Silquest* 環(huán)氧硅烷 *Silquest is a trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.Epoxysilanes for Integral blend modification of WB systems 應用于水性涂料的環(huán)氧硅烷1K2KSilquest A-1871CoatOSil* 2287Silquest A-187CoatOSil* 1770Wood Coating Formul

38、ation 木器漆配方Component characteristics 組成Joncryl 537 : Acrylic emulsion 丙烯酸乳液 (Johnson Polymer ) Solid: 46.5% 固含: 46.5% Acid Number: 51 酸值: 51 Tg: 50cJonwax 35 : Polyethylene wax emulsion 聚乙烯臘乳液 (Johnson Polymer )PE-PUD: Polyether polyurethane 聚醚型聚氨酯 (Laboratory product) Solid: 24% 固含: 24% NMP: 4% Aci

39、d Number: 30 酸值: 30CoatOSil* 2287: gamma-glycidoxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane (Momentive Performance Materials)CoatOSil 1211: Non-foaming wetting agent 無泡潤濕劑 (Momentive Performance Materials)Dowanol DPnB 二丙二醇丁醚 (Dow)：Coalescentglycidoxypropylmethyl-diethoxysilaneCoatOSil* 22873-縮水甘油醚基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷Wood

40、Coating Formulation 木器漆配方Formulation characteristics:pHViscosity 黏度Solid 固含Binder ratio (Acrylic/PUD)% epoxysilanes 環(huán)氧硅烷/mgKOH/gJoncryl 537PE-PUDCoatOSil* 2287Jonwax 35WaterCoatosil 1211Dowanol DPnB參考58.214.50 3.6180.25.5_100X-linked 228758.214.51.2Induction time(活化時間)of 3 days3.616.80.25.5_1007.863

41、0s DIN432%88/2208.2640s DIN433%88/220.08Wood Coating ApplicationViscosity黏度 20s DIN4Application 施工工藝 Spray 噴涂Dry deposit 涂布量 130-170g/m ( total ) Two layers 兩道Panel 板材 Oak veneered board橡木板 Sanding between each layerDrying time 干燥時間 40C 1 hour 28 days at room temperature 40C 1小時室溫放置28 天012345Ammonia

42、 氨水(10%) - 2minBlack tea 紅茶 - 24hActone 丙酮 - 2minEthyl-Butyl acetate乙酸乙酯/丁酯 - 2minEthyl alcohol乙醇 (48%) 60min012345Acetic acid 乙酸 (44%) - 60minAmmonia 氨水(10%) - 2minBlack tea 紅茶 - 24hAcetone 丙酮 - 2minEthyl-Butyl acetate 乙酸乙酯/乙酸丁酯 - 2minEthyl alcohol乙醇 (48%) 60minISO 4211-19790: severe effect; 5: no

43、effect 0: 嚴重影響; 5: 無影響Standard 參考配方X-Linked 測試配方0.08% epoxysilanes/ mgKOH/g+1.2% CoatOSil* 2287Impact of CoatOSil* 2287 onStaining & Chemical Resistance ISO 4211 (1979) CoatOSil* 2287 對耐污&耐化學性的影響Acetic acid 乙酸 (44%) - 60min012345Acetic acid 乙酸 - 60minAmmonia 氨水(10%) - 2minBlack tea 紅茶 - 16hAcetone 丙

44、酮 - 10sEthyl-Butyl Acetate 乙酸乙酯/丁酯 - 10sEthyl alcohol 乙醇 (48%)- 60min012345Acetic acid 乙酸 - 60minAmmonia 氨水(10%) - 2minBlack tea 紅茶 - 16hAcetone 丙酮 - 10sEthyl-Butyl Acetate乙酸乙酯/丁酯 - 10sEthyl alcohol乙醇 (48%)- 60minDIN 68861-1B0: severe effect; 5: no effect 0: 嚴重影響; 5: 無影響Standard 參考配方X-Linked 測試配方+1.

45、2% CoatOSil* 22870.08% 環(huán)氧硅烷 / mgKOH/gImpact of CoatOSil* 2287 onStaining & Chemical Resistance DIN 68861 1B CoatOSil* 2287 對耐污&耐化學性的影響012345Acetic acid 乙酸 - 16hAmmonia 氨水(10%) - 16hBlack tea 紅茶 - 16hAcetone 丙酮 - 16hEthyl-Butyl Acetate乙酸乙酯/丁酯 -16hEthyl alcohol乙醇 (48%) - 16hStandard 參考配方012345Acetic a

46、cid 乙酸 - 16hAmmonia氨水(10%) - 16hBlack tea 紅茶 - 16hAcetone 丙酮 - 16hEthyl-Butyl Acetate乙酸乙酯/丁酯 -16hEthyl alhohol乙醇 (48%) -16hX-Linked 測試配方0.08% 環(huán)氧硅烷 / mgKOH/g+1.2% CoatOSil* 2287Impact of CoatOSil* 2287 onStaining & Chemical Resistance DIN 68861 1A CoatOSil* 2287 對耐污&耐化學性的影響DIN 68861-1A0: severe effec

47、t; 5: no effect 0: 嚴重影響; 5: 無影響ISO 4211-1979DIN 68861 1B+ CoatOSil 2287+ CoatOSil 2287Impact of CoatOSil* 2287 on Staining & Chemical Resistance CoatOSil* 2287 對耐污&耐化學性的影響FEATURES特點BENEFITS優(yōu)點Water soluble silane additive for One Pack WB systems; Acrylics, PUDs,WB Epoxies & Alkyds 水溶性硅烷添加劑，可用于單組分水性涂料

48、 (丙烯酸, 聚氨酯，環(huán)氧&醇酸樹脂) Higher silane levels for high performance. 高硅烷用量高性能Superior staining resistance 優(yōu)異的耐污性Superior chemical resistance. 優(yōu)異的耐化學品性Self-crosslinking at room or low bake temperatures. 室溫或低溫自交聯(lián)固化Curing Mechanism enhanced by 固化反應取決于： Polymer Composition聚合物的組成 Coating Formulation 涂料配方 Appli

49、cation Conditions 使用條件 Curing and Aging Conditions 固化和熟化條件Features and Benefits of CoatOSil* 2287 CoatOSil* 2287的特點和優(yōu)點Impact of VOC Regulation on Resin DesignVOC 法規(guī)對樹脂配方設計的影響Function of Silanes in Coatings硅烷在涂料中的特殊功能Adhesion Promotion 增強附著力Especially between organic polymers and inorganic oxide subs

50、trates 特別是在有機聚合物與無機氧化物之間Some examples exist for adhesion to nonfunctional organic substrates 在難附著的有機底材上增強附著力Crosslinking 交聯(lián)劑Convert reactive polymers (isocyanate, polyol, polyamine) to moisture cure chemistry 可反應性聚合物具有潮氣固化反應的特點VOC Reduction 減少 VOCDispersion 幫助分散Compatibilize high-energy particulates

51、 with organic matrices 幫助高能量粒子在有機物中的分散；Pigment / Mineral filler dispersion 顏料/無機填料的分散Silquest A-1230 reduces aqueous dispersion viscosity Silquest A-1230 降低水相體系的分散粘度Suspension Viscosity (cP)Silane for Filler Treatment 硅烷用于無機填料的表面處理Dissolve 20% silane in alcohol/water (90/10 by volume) 將20%硅烷溶解入醇/水中(

52、90/10)Ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol may be used可用乙醇、甲醇、異丙醇Water allows silane to hydrolyze 水可令硅烷水解For some sluggishly-hydrolyzing silanes (e.g. A-137, octyltriethoxysilane), acidify - glacial acetic acid to pH 4-5. 對一些難水解的硅烷如A-137, 應用醋酸將pH調到4-5.Acid catalyzes hydrolysis 醋酸可催化水解pH 4.5 for minimal con

53、densation and longest solution life 在時有較長的貯存期Apply solution immediately to particulate mineral filler using conventional equipment.將硅烷溶液立即表面處理無機填料, 可用以下設備 : Paterson-Kelley V-Blender Henschel mixer Ldige mixerSILQUEST 硅烷在填料中的使用指導 硅烷用量的計算方法Silquest 硅烷 硅烷的覆蓋表面積, M2/g A-1100353A-1120351A-186317A-187330A-137283* Weight % Silane = 填料的表面積 (M2) X 100 硅烷的覆蓋表面積 (M2/g)* 填料單分子層覆蓋所需有機硅烷用量的百分比 填料的粒徑 單分子層覆蓋所需的硅烷用量 1 um1.5 %1 to 10 um1.0 %10 to 20 um0.75 %Particle size like beach sand (沙粒大?。?.1 % or lessWhy use a Silane?有機硅烷應用于涂料的優(yōu)點 提高對底材的附著力 提高交聯(lián)密度 提高硬度(經(jīng)常, 但并不總是) 提高耐刮性 提高耐溶劑、耐酸和耐堿性 提高耐水性