ASTM土的標準貫入和對開管取樣標準試驗方法

1、Designation: D 1586-99Standard Test Method forPenetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils土的標準貫入和對開管取樣標準試驗方法1. Scope*范圍1.1 This test method describes the procedure, generally known as the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), for driving asplit-barrel sampler to obtain a representative soil sample

2、 anda measure of the resistance of the soil to penetration of thesampler.1.1 該標準試驗方法描述標準貫入試驗（SPT）程序，推進對開管取樣器獲取代表性土試樣和測量土對貫入取樣器的阻力值。1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ

3、ish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specificprecautionary statement, see 5.4.1.1.2 該標準試驗方法沒有包含所有的安全問題，即便要，聯(lián)系實際需要。在使用前確定合適的安全、健康守則和決定其規(guī)章制度適用的局限性是使用者的責(zé)任。預(yù)防性注意條款說明見5.4.1。1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are t

4、o be regarded as the standard.1.3 數(shù)值標準單位為英寸-英鎊體系。Note 1-Practice D 6066 can be used when testing loose sands below the water table for liquefaction studies or when a higher level of care is required when drilling these soils. This practice provides information on drilling methods, equipment variable

5、s; energy corrections, and blow-count normalization.1.3 注釋1-當(dāng)測試水面以下的松散砂用于液化研究或當(dāng)對鉆孔土有更高的要求時，操作規(guī)程D 6066可以使用。該操作規(guī)程有關(guān)鉆孔方法、設(shè)備變化、能量更正和擊數(shù)標準化。2. Referenced Documents參考文件2.1 ASTM Standards:D 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D 2488 Practice

6、for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D 4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting SoilSamplesD 4633 Test Method for Stress Wave Energy Measurementfor Dynamic Penetrometer Testing SystemsD 6066 Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetration Resistance Testing o

7、f Sands for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential3. Terminology術(shù)語3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard3.1 本標準中特定的術(shù)語定義：3.7.1anvil-that portion of the drive-weight assemblywhich the hammer strikes and through which the hammerenergy passes into the drill rods.3.1.1鐵砧重力推進裝配的一部分并將重錘錘擊能量傳給鉆桿。3

8、.1.2 cathead-the rotating drum or windlass in the rope-cathead lift system around which the operator wraps a rope tolift and drop the hammer by successively tightening andloosening the rope turns around the drum.3.1.2錨架繩錨提升系統(tǒng)中的滾桶或絞盤，通過它，操作者纏繞繩索連續(xù)的收緊及放松繞在滾桶上的繩索將重錘提起、放下。3.1.3 drill rods-rods used to t

9、ransmit downward force andtorque to the drill bit while drilling a borehole.3.1.3鉆桿在鉆孔時向鉆頭傳遞向下力和扭矩。3.1.4 drive-weight assemble-a device consisting of the hammer, hammer fall guide, the anvil, and any hammer drop system.3.1.4重錘推進裝配由重錘、重錘下落導(dǎo)向桿、鐵砧和任何的重錘落下系統(tǒng)。3.1.5 hammer-that portion of the drive-weight

10、 assembly consisting of the 1402 lb (63.51 kg) impact weight which is successively lifted and dropped to provide the energythat accomplishes the sampling and penetration.3.1.5重錘重量推進裝配的一部份，1402 lb (63.51kg),通過連續(xù)提升并掉落重錘提供的能量完成取樣和貫入。3.1.6 hammer drop system-that portion of the drive-weightassembly by w

11、hich the operator accomplishes the lifting anddropping of the hammer to produce the blow.3.1.6重錘掉落系統(tǒng)重錘推進裝配的組成部分，操作者通過它提升、放開重錘產(chǎn)生擊數(shù)。3.1.7 hammer fall guide-that part of the drive-weight assembly used to guide the fall of the hammer.3.1.7重錘下落導(dǎo)向重錘推進裝配的組成部分，用于引導(dǎo)重錘下落。3.1.8 N-value-the blowcount representa

12、tion of the penetration resistance of the soil. The N-value, reported in blows perfoot, equals the sum of the number of blows required to drivethe sampler over the depth interval of 6 to 18 in. (150 to 450mm) (see 7.3).3.1.8 N值擊數(shù)代表土的貫入阻力。N值以每英尺擊數(shù)報告，等于將取樣器推進土中6到18英寸（150到450mm）的總擊數(shù)（見7.3節(jié)）。3.1.9N-the n

13、umber of blows obtained from each of the 6-in.(150-mm) intervals of sampler penetration (see 7.3).3.1.9 N將取樣器貫入土中6英寸（150mm）的擊數(shù)。3.1.10 number of rope turns-the total contact angle between the rope and the cathead at the beginning of theoperators rope slackening to drop the hammer, divided by360 (see

14、Fig. 1).3.1.10繩索纏繞數(shù)纏繞在錨架上繩索圈數(shù)。3.1.11 sampling rods-rods that connect the drive-weight assembly to the sampler.Drill rods are often used for this purpose.3.1.11取樣桿連接重錘推進裝配與取樣器。同常使用鉆桿。3.1.12 SPT-abbreviation for standard penetration test, a term by which engineers commonly refer to this method.3.1.12

15、SPT標準貫入試驗的縮寫，提到該試驗方法時工程師通常使用該術(shù)語。4. Significance and Use意義與作用4.1 This test method provides a soil sample for identification purposes and for laboratory tests appropriate for soilobtained from a sampler that may produce large shear straindisturbance in the sample.4.1 該試驗方法能為辨別土和室內(nèi)試驗提供土試樣，這些室內(nèi)試驗適合用在取樣器

16、中可能產(chǎn)生了剪應(yīng)力擾動的土試樣。4.2 This test method is used extensively in a great variety of geotechnical exploration projects. Many local correlations andwidely published correlations which relate SPT blowcount, orN-value, and the engineering behavior of earthworks andfoundations are available.4.2 該試驗方法廣泛用于巖土工程勘

17、察。許多有關(guān)SPT擊數(shù)或N值的地方修正和大范圍出版了的修正，都可得到有關(guān)土方和地基的工程性質(zhì)。5. Apparatus儀器設(shè)備5.1 Drilling Equipment-Any drilling equipment that provides at the time of sampling a suitably clean open hole beforeinsertion of the sampler and ensures that the penetration test isperformed on undisturbed soil shall be acceptable. The

18、following pieces of equipment have proven to be suitable foradvancing a borehole in some subsurface conditions.5.1 鉆孔設(shè)備任何鉆孔設(shè)備在取樣器插入取樣前能提供一個相當(dāng)干凈的開放孔并確保貫入試驗是在未受擾動的原狀土樣上進行的都可接受。下面的儀器設(shè)備被證實在某些地下條件中適合推進開孔。5.1.1 Drag, Chopping, and Fishtail Bits, less than 6.5 in.(162 mm) and greater than2.2 in. (56 mm) in

19、 diameter may beused in conjuction with open-hole rotary drilling or casing-advancement drilling methods. To avoid disturbance of theunderlying soil, bottom discharge bits are not permitted; onlyside discharge bits are permitted.5.1.1抓，切和魚尾螺栓，直徑小于6.5英寸（162mm），大于2.2英寸（56mm），用于結(jié)合旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆探開孔或套管護孔鉆探開孔方法使用。為避

20、免擾動地下土，不允許使用鉆頭排流，只允許使用鉆頭側(cè)面排流。5.1.2 Roller-Cone Bits, less than 6.5 in. (162 mm) and greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm) in diameter may be used in conjunction with open-hole rotary drillingor casing-advancement drilling methods if the drilling fluid discharge isdeflected.5.1.2旋轉(zhuǎn)圓錐鉆頭，直徑小于6.5英寸（162mm），大于2.2英

21、寸（56mm），如果鉆探泥漿是斜向排，用于結(jié)合旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆探開孔或套管護孔鉆探開孔方法使用放。5.1.3 Hollow-Stem Continuous Flight Augers, with or without a center bit assembly, may be used to drill the boring. Theinside diameter of the hollow-stem augers shall be less than 6.5in. (162 mm)and greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm).5.1.3帶或不帶中心鉆頭的中空連續(xù)行程式螺絲鉆，可用于

22、鉆孔。螺絲鉆的內(nèi)徑應(yīng)小于6.5英寸（162mm）大于2.2英寸（56mm）。5.1.4 Solid, Continuous Flight, Bucket and Hand Augers,less than 6.5 in. (162 mm) and greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm) indiameter may be used if the soil on the side of the boring doesnot cave onto the sampler or sampling rods during sampling.5.1.4實心，連續(xù)行程，鏟狀病手持的螺絲鉆，

23、直徑小于6.5英寸（162mm），大于2.2英寸（56mm），當(dāng)孔壁土在取樣時不塌落在取樣器或是取樣桿上可使用。5.2 Sampling Rods-Flush joint steel drill rods shall be used to connect the split-barrel sampler to the drive-weightassembly. The sampling rod shall have a stiffness (moment ofinertia) equal to or greater than that of parallel wall A rod (astee

24、l rod which has an outside diameter of in. (41.2 mm)and an inside diameter of in. (28.5 mm).5.2 取樣桿淬化鋼質(zhì)桿，用于連接裂口式取樣器和重量推進裝置。取樣桿的強度（瞬時慣性）應(yīng)等于或大于A型鉆桿（一種外徑為in.（41.2mm），內(nèi)徑為in.（28.5mm）的鋼管）。Note 2-Recent research and comparative testing indicates the type rod used, with stiffness ranging from A size rod to

25、N size rod, will usually have a negligible effect on the N-values to depths of at least 100ft (30 m).注釋2對使用鋼管的研究和對比試驗表明：從A型鋼管到N型鋼管強度的變化，在100 ft(30m)的深度內(nèi)對N值的影響可以忽略。5.3 Split-Barrel Sampler-The sampler shall be constructed with the dimensions indicated in Fig. 2. The driving shoe shallbe of hardened s

26、teel and shall be replaced or repaired when itbecomes dented or distorted. The use of liners to produce aconstant inside diameter of 13/s in. (35 mm) is permitted, butshall be noted on the penetration record if used. The use of asample retainer basket is permitted, and should also be notedon the penetration record if used.5.3 對開管取樣器取樣器構(gòu)造尺寸見圖2。管靴應(yīng)為高強度鋼并且當(dāng)其凹陷或扭曲時可更換或修理。為保持恒定的in.（41.2mm）大小的內(nèi)徑，允許使用襯墊，但必須在貫入記錄上注明。允許使用試樣固定器，但也應(yīng)在貫入記錄上注明。Note 3 - Both theory and