[外研版]高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題10 正反解讀定語從句

1、高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題10正反解讀定語從句 專題10 正反解讀定語從句 專題10 高考鏈接高考鏈接12011四川卷 The school shop，_customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.AwhichBwhoseCwhenDwhere解析 B考查定語從句。此處是whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，在定語從句中作customers的定語。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)校商店其顧客大多是學(xué)生因?yàn)榉偶俣P(guān)門了。22011全國卷 The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagi

2、nation.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat解析 C考查定語從句。本空在定語從句中作story的定語，因此用 whose。專題10 高考鏈接32011山東卷 The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.Athey Bwhere Cwhat Dthat解析 D考查定語從句。從結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，houses后面是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞在從句中作主語，因此用that引導(dǎo)。專題10 高考鏈接42011江西卷 She showed the visitors around the mus

3、eum，the construction_ had taken more than three years.Afor which Bwith whichCof which Dto which解析 C考查定語從句。句意：她帶參觀者在博物館里到處參觀，這家博物館的建設(shè)花了三年多時(shí)間。 the construction of whichwhose construction。專題10 高考鏈接52011浙江卷 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _uses it somewhat differently.A

4、which Bwhat Cthem Dthose解析 A考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是several diverse cultures，在從句中作of的賓語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。專題10 高考鏈接專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞的使用1定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況：規(guī)則1：當(dāng)先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, something, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。如：All that can be done has been done.規(guī)則2：當(dāng)先

5、行詞被the only, the very(就是那個(gè)), all, much, few, any, little, no修飾時(shí)，只用that。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.規(guī)則3：當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用that。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.規(guī)則4：先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，只能用that。如：Can you remember the scientist and his theory

6、that we have learned?規(guī)則5：當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)要用that。如：Who is the man that is standing there?專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則6：有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個(gè)宜用that。如：They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.規(guī)則7：當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在定語從句中作表語時(shí)，只能用that。如：Hangzhou

7、is no more the city that it used to be.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 2定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用 which的情況：規(guī)則1：在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。如：The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.規(guī)則2：介詞后。如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.規(guī)則3：有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用that，另一個(gè)宜用which。專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 3定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用who的情況：規(guī)則1：當(dāng)先行詞是anyone,

8、 those時(shí)。如：Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?規(guī)則2：有兩個(gè)定語從句，先行詞指人時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用that，另一個(gè)宜用who。4whose的使用whose可以指代人或物，在定語從句中只能作定語， 后跟名詞。指物時(shí)，whose名詞the名詞of which of whichthe名詞。如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)二關(guān)系代

9、詞as和which的使用在非限制性定語從句中，as和which可代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。二者的區(qū)別主要在于：規(guī)則1：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有時(shí)還可以插入主句中，常帶有“正如，正像”的意思。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后，翻譯成“這一點(diǎn)”。如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則2：主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞，需選擇關(guān)系代詞as在定語從句中作主語或賓語。如：This house is not

10、such as I expect.(such為代詞，作先行詞； as在定語從句中作賓語)規(guī)則3：當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，有時(shí)也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的意思不同：that表示同一個(gè)，as表示同一類。如：This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.這正是我昨天丟失的那個(gè)書包。(同一個(gè)書包)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.這個(gè)書包和我昨天丟失的那個(gè)一樣。(同類型的另一個(gè))專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則4：在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般也用as: as(it)appears, as (it)seem

11、s likely, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointed out/said/reported/announced, as (it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is wellknown, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)三“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，指物時(shí)用which，不能用that。關(guān)系代詞作定語時(shí)也可用whose。如：The pen with which he wr

12、ote was made in China.他寫字用的鋼筆是中國制造的。The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.湯姆到加拿大去時(shí)乘坐的火車速度非?？?。The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老師房前有棵大樹，他對(duì)學(xué)生們非常有耐心。專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則1：某些帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語，介詞可以提至關(guān)系代詞之前，但是在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可以分割，因此不能將介詞置于

13、關(guān)系代詞之前，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。如：This is the book (which/that) I am looking for.規(guī)則2：“介詞關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等不定代詞或者數(shù)詞，有時(shí)數(shù)詞或代詞也可以放在“介詞關(guān)系代詞”之后。如：(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 He loved his parent

14、s deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.(2)Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.(3)China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.China has tho

15、usands of islands, of which the largest is Taiwan.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則3：介詞which/whomto do結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為：介詞which/whom定語從句。如：I dont have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則4：在非限制性定語從句中，which可作定語，指先行詞(短語或句子)所表示的信息，形成“

16、介詞which名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于and in/at/during this/that名詞。如：He was very ill, in which case(and in this case)we sent him to hospital first.She lost her temper, at which point(and at this point)I decided to go back home.Mike was a student at the university from 2000 to 2004, during which time(and during that time)

17、he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)四定語從句中的主謂一致規(guī)則1：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.規(guī)則2：先行詞為“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而先行詞為“the only one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Harry

18、Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers.Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則3：非限制性定語從句中，由關(guān)系代詞as或which代替整個(gè)主句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：He has passed the exam, which makes us surprised.Great changes have taken place in Chin

19、a, as is known to all.規(guī)則4：關(guān)系代詞和謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)要看關(guān)系代詞的指代。如：To own a TV set in each family, which we think was impossible 30 years ago, now has become true.專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)五關(guān)系副詞的使用規(guī)則1：when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語；when表示時(shí)間的介詞(in/at/on/during)which。規(guī)則2：where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，where表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(in/at/on/under)which。規(guī)則3：w

20、hy指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，why表示原因的介詞forwhich。規(guī)則4：以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。如：The way(in which/that)he answered the question was surprising.(in which/that在從句中充當(dāng)狀語)專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 【溫馨提示】 The way(which/that)he explained to us was quite simple.(which/that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語)規(guī)則5：有時(shí)為了表達(dá)更清楚，可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加上介

21、詞to, from等，如：China is the birth place of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.規(guī)則6: 一些特殊的先行詞如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析，作主語、賓語和表語時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that/which；作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where/when或“介詞which”。如：專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 (1)There is one point(that/whi

22、ch)we must insist on.有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我們必須堅(jiān)持。(定語從句可還原為：we must insist on the point, 所以先行詞point在定語從句中作賓語，故用that/which或省略。)(2)Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.我們正努力做到能讓雙方坐下來對(duì)話。(定語從句可還原為：at a point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行詞point在定語從句中作狀語，所以關(guān)系

23、詞用where/at which。)專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)六定語從句和其他句型之間的關(guān)系規(guī)則1：區(qū)別suchas/soas引導(dǎo)的定語從句和such/sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。如果從句缺少主語或賓語就是定語從句，連接詞用as；如果從句的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，就是結(jié)果狀語從句，連接詞用that。如：He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.(從句不缺句子成分，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)He is such a good boy as everyone likes.(從句中l(wèi)ikes缺賓語，用as充當(dāng)并引導(dǎo)定語從句)專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則2：區(qū)別非限制

24、性定語從句與并列句定語從句與主句之間用關(guān)系詞連接；并列句之間用并列連詞連接。如：He said nothing that made me angry.(限制性定語從句，that是關(guān)系代詞)He said nothing, which made me angry.(非限制性定語從句)He said nothing, and that made me angry.(并列句，that是指示代詞)專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則3：區(qū)別定語從句與名詞性從句定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語；而名詞性從句中的連詞that在從句中不作任何成分；疑問代詞what及疑問副詞how可連接名詞性從句，但不能引

25、導(dǎo)定語從句。如：As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.(it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句)專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.(what引導(dǎo)主語從句， that引導(dǎo)表語從句)That the moon travels around the earth is known t

26、o all.(that引導(dǎo)主語從句)專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 規(guī)則4：區(qū)別定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，其前面必須有表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等先行詞；而疑問副詞連接狀語從句時(shí)，其前面沒有。如：When you read the book, youd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.(定語從句修飾先行詞place)When you read the book, youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納

27、規(guī)則5：區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句、時(shí)間狀語從句that在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語；而在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中 that不作任何成分，但不能省；在結(jié)果狀語從句中that也只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。如：It was this small village(that/which)we lived in 10 years ago.(定語從句)It was in this small village that we lived 10 years ago.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It was 1914 when the war broke out.(時(shí)間狀語從句)It was in 1914 that the war b

28、roke out.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It was 1914, when the war broke out.(非限制性定語從句)專題10 考點(diǎn)歸納 專題10 反面解讀反面解讀1關(guān)系代詞的誤用及漏用(1)【誤】 Ive read all the books which you lent me.【正】 Ive read all the books that you lent me.解析 定語從句的先行詞被all，some，any，no，few等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。(2)【誤】 The student is standing there is our monitor.【正】 The student(

29、who/that is)standing there is our monitor.解析 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)不能省略；此處也可把定語從句改為現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。專題10 反面解讀(3)【誤】 Dinner starts with a small dish，that is often called a starter.【正】 Dinner starts with a small dish，which is often called a starter.解析 用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，而不用that引導(dǎo)專題10 反面解讀(4)【誤】 He lives in the room，the

30、 window of that faces the south.【正】 He lives in the room，the window of which faces the south.解析 “介詞關(guān)系代詞”中的關(guān)系代詞用which不用that。專題10 反面解讀(5)【誤】 The man with who I worked has left.【正】 The man with whom I worked has left.解析 “介詞whom”引導(dǎo)定語從句。介詞后不接who。專題10 反面解讀2定語從句主謂不一致【誤】 This is one of the rooms that is fre

31、e now.【正】 This is one of the rooms that are free now.解析 在one of結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞為of后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。先行詞是“the only/very one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式。專題10 反面解讀3關(guān)系詞與被替換詞重復(fù)【誤】 This is the jacket which I bought it last month.【正】 This is the jacket which I bought last month.解析 which在從句中作賓語，it多余。專題10 反面解讀4介詞的誤用【誤】 The

32、computer to which I paid 4,000 yuan is made in Shanghai.【正】 The computer for which I paid 4,000 yuan is made in Shanghai.解析 介詞的選用既要考慮先行詞，又要考慮定語從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣。此處payfor sth.為固定短語，意為“花錢買”。專題10 反面解讀5from where與from which混用【誤】 They stood on the top of the building, from which they could see the whole

33、city.【正】 They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city.解析 from wherefrom the top of the building，from whichfrom the building，顯然前者比較合適。專題10 反面解讀6忽視倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)【誤】 The fisherman lives in an old house, in front of which a well lies.【正】 The fisherman lives in an old house, in f

34、ront of which lies a well.解析 in front of放在定語從句句首，且從句中含有動(dòng)詞lie, stand等，主語為名詞，這時(shí)要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把lie, stand等放在作主語的名詞前。專題10 反面解讀7限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句誤用(1)【誤】 Charles Smith, that was my former teacher, retired last year.【正】 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.解析 在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用who, whom。專題10 反面解讀(2)【誤】 This novel, I have read three times, is very touching.【正】 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.解析 在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞不