英語(yǔ)的三個(gè)發(fā)展時(shí)期課件

1、 Chapter 2 Development of the English Vocabulary第1頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。ContentsReview of Chapter 1An Introduction to Chapter 2The Indo-European Language Family（印歐語(yǔ)系）Three Phases of the Historical DevelopmentVocabulary Practice Homework第2頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。1. Review of Chapter 1A word is a minimal free form of a language that

2、 has a given sound, meaning and _.If we compare vocabulary to a family, words are _.If youve mastered 3000 English words, we can see you have _ vocabulary (vocabularies).Every word has sound and meaning and the relationship between them is _ and _.第3頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。5. The last letter of “bomb” is silent, whi

3、ch indicates sometimes sound is not consistent with _.6. The huge English vocabulary may fall into _ and _ by use frequency.7. By _, the English words can be grouped into content words and functional words.8. The English vocabulary can be classified into _ and _ by origins.第4頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。9. _ is the most

4、important of all features of the basic word stock.10. “beautiful” and “walk” belong to _, while “to” and “will” belong to _. (content words or functional words)11. Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words, _ or _.12. “Bazaar” is borrowed from Persia but has retained its or

5、iginal pronunciation and spelling. We call it an _.第5頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。2. An Introduction to Chapter 2Where does English come from?In which way is English related to other languages?Why are Germanic dialects or Teutonic dialects are known as English now?What is the size of the vocabulary of the first settlers?

6、How has English developed into what is now a huge modern vocabulary?第6頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。3. The Indo-European Language FamilyKey Points:全世界大約有3000 種語(yǔ)言，分成300個(gè)語(yǔ)系。印歐語(yǔ)系是300個(gè)語(yǔ)系中的一個(gè)印歐語(yǔ)系中的語(yǔ)言的基本詞匯和語(yǔ)法相似印歐語(yǔ)系分為10語(yǔ)族：東部組4個(gè)和西部組6個(gè)日耳曼語(yǔ)族屬于西部組日耳曼語(yǔ)族包括：挪威語(yǔ)，冰島語(yǔ)，丹麥語(yǔ)，瑞典語(yǔ)，德語(yǔ)，荷蘭語(yǔ)，佛蘭德語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。印歐語(yǔ)系中的語(yǔ)言對(duì)英語(yǔ)有影響第7頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。4. Three Phases of the Hi

7、storical DevelopmentOld English古英語(yǔ)(450-1150)Middle English中古英語(yǔ)(1150-1500)Modern English現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)(1500-至今)第8頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。Before Old English（古英語(yǔ)之前） 土著居民凱爾特人(Celts) 凱爾特語(yǔ)(Celt) 入侵者羅馬人 (Romans) 拉丁語(yǔ)(Latin) English is not the native language of the British Isles.第9頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。Old English(450-1150) 古英語(yǔ)羅馬軍團(tuán)撤退后，來(lái)自北方的皮克特人和蘇格蘭

8、人又入侵了不列顛群島。（the Picts and Scots）凱爾特人向北海的日耳曼武士(Angles, Saxons, Frisian and Jutes)求助。（appeal tofor assistance）最終日耳曼人成了凱爾特人新的統(tǒng)治者。(conquerors)統(tǒng)治者的語(yǔ)言被稱(chēng)作 Angles-Saxons.Why is this country called England?為什么這個(gè)國(guó)家叫做英國(guó)？ (the land of Angles)第10頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。Characteristics of the Old English: (1) A small monogeneous

9、vocabulary (50000-60000) (2) A few borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian (3) The words full of endings第11頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。Middle English中古英語(yǔ)(1150-1500)Norman Conquest (1066)諾曼征服The influx(流入) of French words into English did not occur until after 1300.A great number of French words poured(涌入) into English.Ch

10、aracteristics of the Middle English: (1) A comparatively large vocabulary (2) A tremendous number of words from French and Latin (3) Word endings are leveled.第12頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。Modern English 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)(1500-至今)Early Modern English(1500-1700) (1) Renaissance文藝復(fù)興拉丁風(fēng)格的現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)The Renaissance was the period in Europe, es

11、pecially Italy, in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries, when there was a new interest in art, literature, science. (2) The Bourgeois Revolution and the Industrial Revolution資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命和工業(yè)革命Late Modern English(1700 up to the present) (1) Breathtaking advances in science and technology科技的迅猛發(fā)展 (2)Borrowings and coinage in all walks of life借詞和造詞第13頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)。Characteristics of the Modern English: (1) A huge and heterogeneous vocabulary (2) Tremendous borrowings (3) Words with lost