非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)課件

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)劉朝暉第1頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： 在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，叫做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；在句子中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。We should serve the people heart and soul.I am reading a novel.Seeing is believing.The results obtained are quite satisfactory. Please stop speaking.（謂語(yǔ)） （謂語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)） （定語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)）第2頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi) 不定式(infinitive) 分詞（partic

2、iple） 動(dòng)名詞（gerund） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn) 1).在句子中不作謂語(yǔ)； 2) 具有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。 The Party called on us to serve the people .The students ran out of the classroom, laughing merrily .To be frank, your plan is not practicable. 第3頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。一 、一個(gè)句子如果有并列謂語(yǔ)要用并列連詞連接，如果已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞前又沒(méi)有并列連詞連接，此時(shí)第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式。He sat there

3、and smoked. 比較：He sat there smoking.He said and smiled. 比較：He said smiling.He stood there, not moving.第4頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。二、兩個(gè)并列非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用andbut連接。1.We looked at the result,surprised and puzzled.2. （2009湖南卷） At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, living in a small apartment near Boston and wondering what to do abou

4、t.第5頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的功能及性質(zhì)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)性質(zhì)現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing=形副主同進(jìn)過(guò)去分詞v-ed=形副被先完動(dòng)名詞v-ing=名(無(wú)時(shí)間性)不定式 to do=形副名(將來(lái))第6頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作相同成分時(shí)的區(qū)別1.作主語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞表示事實(shí)規(guī)律；不定式表示將要發(fā)生的事。Smoking is harmful.To finish it in half an hour is impossible.2.作賓語(yǔ)：同上。接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有特定的一些動(dòng)詞，須另記。I enjoy playing the guitar.I decide to play guitar at t

5、he party.第7頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。3.作表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞表事實(shí)；不定式表將要發(fā)生的事；現(xiàn)在分詞表“令人如何”；過(guò)去分詞表示“感到如何”。Her job is looking after dogs.Her job of this afternoon is to look after the dogs.Her job is tiring but exciting.She felt tired of this job.第8頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。4.作定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞表用途；不定式表將要發(fā)生的事；現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)行為或“令人如何”；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已完成的行為或“感到如何”。A swimming pool

6、 ；A swimming dogA tree standing over thereAn exciting filmA tree blown downA developed countryA book to read 第9頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。5.作賓補(bǔ)：不定式表將要發(fā)生的事（省to 不定式在感官動(dòng)詞后表示整個(gè)過(guò)程）；現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)行為或“令人如何”；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已完成的行為或“感到如何”。ask sb. to do sth.seehear sb.do sth.find sb. smokingfind sth. interestinghave get sth.sb. donefind

7、sb. excited at第10頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。6.作狀語(yǔ)：不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)行為或“令人如何”，作時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、方式、讓步、伴隨狀語(yǔ)；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或“感到如何”，功能與現(xiàn)在分詞相同。I am pleased to meet you.He came running all the way.Unsatisfied with the result, he decided to do the experiment again.五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成體表先時(shí)性常作狀語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，一般不作定語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。Having finished the homework

8、, she had a rest.第11頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。六、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的三種被動(dòng)形式：一般情況下過(guò)去分詞表已完成的被動(dòng)；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)；不定式的被動(dòng)式表將來(lái)的被動(dòng)。 a house built last year(已被修)a house being built now(正在被修)a house to be built (將要被修)第12頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。七、不定式省略的幾種形式A)省到不定式符號(hào)to為止,省略的是不定式的一般體。-Would you like to go to the concert with me this afternoon? -Yes, Id like to(

9、go to the concert-).B)若不定式是完成體形式則保留have即省到to have為止。 e.g. He didnt go to school yesterday but he ought to have(gone to school yesterday).第13頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。C)若不定式是完成體的被動(dòng)式則保留have been即省到to have been為止。e.g. The exercises havent been finished yet , but they ought to have been(finished ).D)若不定式是to be形式則保留to be.e

10、.g. My wife wishes me to be the manager of the company , but I dont wish to be(the manager of the company). 第14頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。八、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定在to,done,v-ing前面加not.his not comingnot having finished the workso as not to do somethingnot satisfied, he-第15頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。He decided not to do it.She wished never to see

11、him again.Not seeing John, I asked where he was.Not having done it right, I tried again.His not coming made me a little angry.第16頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 分詞作插入語(yǔ) 或 轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞和連詞 其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái) strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)talking of (speaking of) 說(shuō)到j(luò)udging from 從判斷 taking all things into considerat

12、ion全面看來(lái) given / considering 考慮到 supposing , provided, providing 假若 例如：Given his age, he did very well. Supposing she doesnt come, what shall we do?第17頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 動(dòng)詞不定式作插入語(yǔ)表明說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度,在句中作獨(dú)立成分。to behonest / frank / fair / ； totell(you) thetruth;tobegin/ start with ； tocut/ make alongstoryshort; toget(bac

13、k)tothepoint ； tomakethings / matters worse; toputitanotherway ； not to speak of eg.Tobehonest,IhaveneverheardofWinstonChurchill. He knows English and French, not to speak of German.第18頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。九、從句中的省略在時(shí)間、條件、比較、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中（when, while,if , unless, once,as, than,though, although）可能會(huì)省去主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞，留下連詞和-ed, v-in

14、g.When heated, water will boil.Though living in the city,he didnt feel happy.特殊省略:as if to do sth.if(when) (it is)necessary (possible)whatever+n.第19頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。十一、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1. wh- how +to do功能：作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。E.g. When to hold the sports meet has not been decided yet.2.for sb. +to do something功能：作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。It is

15、easy for me to tell the differences between the three words.There is nothing for me to do.In order for me to learn easily, the teacher use many new methods.第20頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。十二、動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成：ns +v-ingmyourhishertheiryour+v-ing功能：作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用下列形式：n+v-ingmeushimherthemyou+v-ingHis not marrying his former girl

16、friend made his parents annoyed.Do you mind myme smoking here?第21頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。十三、there be 的非謂語(yǔ)形式there to be I expect there to be a bright future in store for us.there beingI cant imagine there being so much difficulty finishing the assignment. There being no buses, I had to walk home.第22頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。十四、系表結(jié)構(gòu)變非謂語(yǔ)

17、動(dòng)詞去掉主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞，留下形容詞短語(yǔ)即可，無(wú)被動(dòng)含義，不能在前面加being。1. Dressed like a lawyer, she came to the court.2. Stationed in Hong Kong, a group of PLA men followed Hong Kong customs.3. Seated at the back of the classroom, he listened to the teacher carefully.4. Located on the seashore, the building looks pretty. 5. Inter

18、ested in animals, she keeps some dogs . 6.Tired of the speech, he began to sleep. ( be convinced of ,be hidden in, be lost in, be married to, be buried in, be faced with, be caught in )第23頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。十五、非謂語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特殊句型1.Sb.+be+情緒形容詞+to do sth.(原因狀語(yǔ))Im glad to meet you.2.sbsth+ be+特性形容詞+to do (方面狀語(yǔ)) The bag is

19、 heavy to carry.（不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義)3. sbsth+be+v-ed+不定式(主補(bǔ)) Tom is said to go to Japan next week .The film is announced to have been completed.第24頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。4.wantneedrequire+doing(=to be done)(主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義)The patient needs operating on at once.5. be worth doingdeserve(主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義)This painting is worth keepi

20、ng.6.序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+不定式（表主動(dòng)，不用v-ing,被動(dòng)用done.)He is always the first to come to school.This is the first computer ever invented.第25頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 十六、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管在形式上它沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，但其邏輯上的主語(yǔ)必須和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 e.g. Studying in the college (=When I studied in the college), I learned a lot from my teachers. 在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)

21、，我從老師那里學(xué)到了很多東西。第26頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 但是，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它可以表示時(shí)間，原因，條件，伴隨的動(dòng)作。第27頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 e.g. His mother being ill, he is absent today. 他的母親病了，他今天沒(méi)來(lái)。（原因） Time permitting, they will start to do a new job. 如果時(shí)間允許，他們會(huì)開(kāi)始做一項(xiàng)新工作。（條件）第28頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他沖進(jìn)

22、了房間,滿臉是汗。（伴隨） They traveled a whole day, not any food eaten. 他們餓著肚子旅行了一整天。（伴隨）第29頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 注意：如果分詞是being, having been done形式時(shí)，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義的being或having been可以省略。 e.g. The old man was in bad condition, his temperature (being) over 40 and his pulse (being) weak and rapid. 那位老人處于不好的狀況，他的體溫超過(guò)40，脈搏既弱又快。第30頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)

23、。 The report (having been) read, a discussion began. 讀完報(bào)告，開(kāi)始討論。 The experiment (having been) finished, we left the lab and went home. 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后我們離開(kāi)了實(shí)驗(yàn)室回家了。第31頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。1. All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered 2.The count

24、ry has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.(山東2007)A has been launched B having been launched C being launched D to be launched 第32頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 3. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. 2007重慶 A. finishing B. finished

25、 C. had finished D. were finished高考鏈接第33頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。十七、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+n / pron.+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/形容詞（短語(yǔ)）/副詞（短語(yǔ)）/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/形容詞（短語(yǔ)）/副詞（短語(yǔ)）/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是前面的名詞。其功能是作狀語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)。 第34頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。1. He came in with a dog following him . (with+n.+現(xiàn)在分詞，伴隨狀語(yǔ))2. He came in with his head drooped. (with+n.+過(guò)去分詞，伴隨狀語(yǔ))3.

26、 With a lot of homework to do, I cant go out at the moment .(with+n.+不定式，原因狀語(yǔ))4. She said that with her face red. (with+n.+形容詞，伴隨狀語(yǔ))第35頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 5.With her mother out, she felt more lonely.(with+n.+副詞，原因狀語(yǔ))6. He climbed in with a sword in his hand. (with+n.+介詞短語(yǔ)，伴隨狀語(yǔ))7. He killed a bird with a stone h

27、is weapon. (with+n.+名詞，方式狀語(yǔ)) 8.They lived in a house with very tall trees all around. ( with+n.+副詞,后置定語(yǔ)) 第36頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。(NMET2000) _ production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.A. As B. For C. With D. ThoughKey: C。 分析：此題考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 with+名詞+副詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作原因狀語(yǔ)。第37頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 John receive

28、d an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. 2007安徽 A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished高考鏈接第38頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。 十八、容易誤用為不定式的介詞to短語(yǔ)The approach tothe key tothe solution to have access togo back tobe (get) close toon ones way tobe accustomed tobe used tobe devoted toobject topay attention tomake contributions tolook forward toget down to第39頁(yè)，共46頁(yè)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題步驟與方法1.根據(jù)逗號(hào)及有無(wú)and連接判斷是否考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；2.根據(jù)位置分析該詞在句子中的成分；3.根據(jù)成分確定其邏輯主語(yǔ)；4.判斷要填的詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系：主動(dòng)用ing分詞，被動(dòng)用ed分詞，與將來(lái)有關(guān)用不定式；5.分析類(lèi)似選項(xiàng)之間的差別，特別注意三種不同的被動(dòng)形式；6. ing分詞與不定式可能用到完成體，表示先時(shí)性;7