《英語翻譯》課件科技翻譯教材內(nèi)容

1、第五章 科技翻譯專用科技文體特征語義客觀用詞正式結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密程式化1. 語義客觀(1)語義結(jié)構(gòu)顯性化原文：The specimen can be inserted between pieces of similar hardness; the sample can be plated; when using casting resins, a slurry of resin and alumina made for just this purpose can be poured around the specimen; the specimen can be surrounded by shot,

2、 small revetment rings, etc., about the same hardness.譯文：試樣可夾在具有同樣硬度的工件之間，可鍍層。當(dāng)用充填料時，可將樹脂與礬土的漿料注入試樣周圍，使試樣被短小的護(hù)壁、環(huán)狀填料（硬度差不多）等所包圍。 試比較原文：Tom spoke to Toms mother，but Toms mother didnt hear Tom譯文：湯姆對湯姆的母親說話，但湯姆的母親沒有聽見湯姆的話。原文：Tom spoke to his mother，but she didnt hear him譯文：湯姆對他母親說話，但她沒有聽見。(2) 非人稱化Such

3、a small experiment was designed merely to establish whether the approach was safe.As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks i

4、n a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called a “derrick”. It is used to lift the sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the insides fro

5、m falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is lowed to the escape through a series of valves. (3) 名詞化A. Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods are discussed. B. Salinity power is utilized b

6、y reverse electrodialysis and other methods. The recent developments in this field are discussed.譯文：本文討論采用逆電流法和別的方法來利用鹽動力的最新進(jìn)展。“這種不帶人稱、時間、語氣特征的抽象而令人費解的文體（“行為抽象名詞”）主要用于學(xué)術(shù)研究。它有利于人們表達(dá)深刻的哲理，卻不適用于人們的日常生活”。這種名詞“是表達(dá)科學(xué)思想的一種工具”。（O. Jesperson）（The philosophy of Grammar, 1924）2. 用詞正式專用科技文體多采用專業(yè)術(shù)語、大詞、專用縮略語，輔以數(shù)學(xué)

7、語言和工程圖學(xué)語言，多為專家對專家的語言，外行往往不得要領(lǐng)。結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密原文：Protection against complete structural failure is achieved in three different ways: first, by proper selection of material, especially in high load areas, to provide a consistent slow rate of crack propagation, and high residual strength; second, by providing suc

8、h multipath structure on the airplane that the loss of any one segment would not endanger the airplane; and third, by providing readily accessible structure which can be inspected and maintained properly.譯文：用三種方法來防止整個結(jié)構(gòu)的損壞：一、適當(dāng)選用材料，特別是在高載荷區(qū)的材料，要具有一致的、遲緩的裂痕擴(kuò)散速率特性以及高剩余強(qiáng)度；二、采用多路傳力結(jié)構(gòu)，使某一局部損壞不危急整個飛機(jī)；三、使結(jié)

9、構(gòu)具有易卸性，便于檢查與維修。詞法特點謂語動詞使用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示真理的普遍性，在時態(tài)上屬于“零時態(tài)”；常用被動語態(tài)；普遍使用名詞詞組及名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)；寧用單個動詞而不用短語動詞。句法特點“無生命主語+及物動詞+賓語（+賓語補(bǔ)足語）”的句型比較常見；常用it作形式主語或賓語；寧用緊縮性狀語從句而不用完整的句子；割裂修飾比較普遍（包括短語或從句被割裂）；句中并列成分（各種并列短語、單詞或從句）較多；句子長而復(fù)雜，句套句的情況較多。4. 程式化 同類語篇大致相同的體例和表達(dá)方式。普通科技文體特征：用詞平易句法簡單多用修辭格1. 用詞平易用常用詞代替專業(yè)詞 例：Scientists have made

10、maps showing the “earthquake belts”.地震帶 通俗詞語：earthquake belt 專業(yè)術(shù)語：seismic belt(2) 用動詞代替抽象名詞例：We ask that all employees cooperate. We ask for the cooperation of all employees.例： The property was acquired through long and hard negotiations. The acquisition of the property was accomplished through long

11、 and hard negotiations.(3) 多用代詞例： When you choose the Shut Down command from the Start Menu, you see a dialog box that asks, “Hey, what do you mean, shutdown”?2. 句法簡單(1) 使用短句Our field trip for the project required that we conduct research in the Dawei Mountain, where we observed a number of species

12、that we had not seen on previous field trips. Hares were common in the campgrounds, along with monkeys that were so aggressive that they would come out toward the campfire for a handout while we were still eating. We saw the pangolins that are fairly common in the area and were introduced there by h

13、unters centuries ago, as well as a few wolves that were introduced fairly recently in hopes of checking the expanding population of hares.Our field trip required that we complete research in the Dawei Mountain. There we observed many species we had not seen on previous trips. Both hares and monkeys

14、were common in the campgrounds. Whereas the hares were docile, the monkeys were quite aggressive. They would approach the campfire for a handout while we were still eating. We also encountered Daweishan s famous pangolins, introduced centuries ago by hunters. Another interesting sighting was a pair

15、of wolves. They were brought to the area recently to check the expanding hare population.多用主動語態(tài)例：In order to complete this chapter and our overview of the Internet, we need to spend a few moments talking about TCP/IP. As you know, the Internet is built on a collection of networks that cover the worl

16、d. These networks contain many different types of computers, and somehow, something must hold the whole thing together. That something is TCP/IP.多用修辭格原文：Using this instrument is like trying to pick up one grain of rice with chopsticks: possible, but difficult for the uninitiated.譯文：使用這一儀器就像要用筷子夾一粒米那樣：能用，但對外行來說是困難的。原文：But we are brainwashed by our economic system unt