高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題總結(jié)歸納-名詞附詳解

1、高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題總結(jié)歸納一一名詞典型陷阱題分析I found her sitting in the corner, reading newspaper, with inher eyes.A. a, tearB. a piece of, tearsC. a, tearsD. a piece of, tear【陷阱】誤選D,許多學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，既然news（消息）和paper（紙）均為不可數(shù)名詞，那么newspaper（報(bào)紙）也應(yīng)是不可數(shù)的；同時(shí)認(rèn)為“眼淚”即“淚水”，“水”不可數(shù)，“淚水”和“眼淚”也應(yīng)該不可數(shù)。【分析】最佳答案為Co newspaper和tear均為可數(shù)名詞，它們不僅可以連用不定

2、冠 詞、可以用復(fù)數(shù)，而且還可以連用數(shù)詞。Her eyes filled with tears.她熱淚盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief.她用手帕擦干了 眼淚。The newspapers were full of lies.報(bào)紙上片謊言。A newspaper is a publication.報(bào)紙是一種出版物。順便說(shuō)一句，若不是將 newspaper當(dāng)作是供閱讀或傳遞信息的一種東西，而只是把它 當(dāng)成一種“紙”來(lái)看待，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，如：Wrap it in （a sheet of） newspaper.把它用張報(bào)紙包起來(lái)。Her fath

3、er works as a in a hotel and her mother a in a private company.A. cooker, typewriterB. cook, typistC. cooker, typistD. cook, typewriter【陷阱】誤選A,許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為：cook用作動(dòng)詞，表示“煮飯”，所以cooker 應(yīng)是其相應(yīng)的名詞，表示“煮飯的人”，即“廚師”； type用作動(dòng)詞，表示“打字”，所 以typewriter 應(yīng)表示打字員?！痉治觥?而事實(shí)是：cook=廚師，cooker=炊具；typist= 打字員，typewriter= 打字機(jī)。 即此

4、題正確答案為 R“Why couldn t they meet us at five o clock? ” aBecause they were delayedA. heavy trafficheavy trafficscrowded trafficD. crowded traffics【陷阱】B C、D三項(xiàng)均容易誤選?！痉治觥繉?duì)于此題，首先要明確traffic 為不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故排除B和D= 另外，漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣說(shuō)交通擁擠，而英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上卻不能用crowded來(lái)修飾traffic ,要表示漢語(yǔ)的“交通擁擠，英語(yǔ)通常說(shuō)heavy traffic ,即選A。如下面一題也是選 A：She is

5、 not a competent driver and can t cope with driving in.A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficscrowded trafficD. crowded trafficsIn fact,one cause that leads to the problem.A. cattle isB. cattle areC. cattles areD. the cattles are【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為cattle 是單數(shù)，并且空格有表單數(shù)的one,自然謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is?！鞠葳濉科鋵?shí)，正確答案為B。cattle（牲畜，

6、牛）為集合名詞，盡管它不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s, 卻永遠(yuǎn)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，若用作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)。又如：For this many cattle were killed.為此宰了不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle.囚犯像牲 口一樣被趕到一起。類似地，police（警察），people（人），police（警察），poultry（ 家禽）等也具有同樣用 法，即只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常也用復(fù)數(shù)；不與a（n）連用，但可與the連用（表示總括意義和特指）。如：The poultry have been fed.家禽已經(jīng)喂過(guò)飼料了。In

7、Britain police do not usually carry guns.在英國(guó)警察通常不帶槍。It annoys me when people forget to say“thank you. 遇至U有人忘記道謝的時(shí)候，我就不痛快。By all, you must try every to help him.A. mean, meanB. means, meansC. means, meanD. mean, means【陷阱】 誤選C,認(rèn)為第一空前有 all修飾，故用 means,而第二空前有 every修飾，故用mean【分析】其實(shí)，means是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，并且永遠(yuǎn)帶有尾

8、-s。換句話說(shuō)，在表示“方式”、“方法”時(shí)，不存在mean這一形式(mean主要用作動(dòng)詞，表示“意思是”；也可用作名詞，表示“中間”、“中庸”)。此題正確答案為C, by all means 為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“一定”、“盡一切辦法”。順便說(shuō)一句,means用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來(lái)所有可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過(guò)了。每種可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過(guò)了。確定。比較:All possible means have been tried.Every possible means has been tried.若句意不能明確地表明主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。如：Is Are there any oth

9、er means of getting more money?還有其他什么辦法可弄至 U更多錢嗎？Jim is person, and everyone is willing to be with him.A. so kind a, friendsB. so a kind, friendsC. so kind a, friendD. so a kind, friend【陷阱】 誤選C或d認(rèn)為friend 要用單數(shù)?！痉治觥?其實(shí)此題最佳答案為Ao so kind a person 相當(dāng)于such a kind person ,注意兩者中冠詞的位置不同。be friends with 是習(xí)語(yǔ)，意

10、為與友好”、“跟做朋友”，與之同義的類似地還有make friends with 。值得說(shuō)明的是，這類短語(yǔ)中的名詞總是用復(fù)數(shù)，即使句子主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)也是如此。如：He is friends with me.他與我是朋友。He has made friends with everyone here.他與這兒的每個(gè)人交上了朋友。We already have pencils, but we need two pens.A. dozen of, dozenB. dozens of, dozensC. dozens of, dozenD. dozens of, dozen of【陷阱】誤選Bo【分析】此題

11、最佳答案為 Co關(guān)于dozen的復(fù)數(shù)是否加詞尾-s的問(wèn)題比較復(fù)雜，大致原 則是：(1)當(dāng)它與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)，既不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,也不后接介詞of。盡管有的詞書(shū)也有two dozen of這樣的用例，但這已屬過(guò)時(shí)用法，在考試中應(yīng)避免，如 1992年全國(guó)高考有一道單項(xiàng)選擇題就認(rèn)為two dozen of 為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：Shortly after the accident, police were sent to the spot to keep order.A. dozens ofB. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen D(2)當(dāng)它不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí)，則

12、不僅要加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ,而且要后接介詞of ,此時(shí)可將dozens of(許多，幾十)視為習(xí)語(yǔ)。如：I ve been there dozens of times.我去過(guò)那兒幾十次。She s got dozens of boy -friends.她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s也屬為似情況：Pack them in dozens.按打裝袋吧。(3)當(dāng)與a few, several等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí)，加不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s均可，但需注意：不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s時(shí)，其后的介詞of可以省略；加詞尾-s時(shí)，其后介詞of不能省 略。如：several dozen (of) penc

13、ils=several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆注：英語(yǔ)較少使用 many dozen的說(shuō)法，要表示類似意思可用dozens of 。(4)當(dāng)它后面的名詞受the, these, those等特指限定詞修飾時(shí)，或其后的接的是us,them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí)，則此時(shí)必須用介詞of。如：two dozen of these eggs兩打這種雞蛋three dozen of them 它們中的 3 打注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上類似用法。She raised her finger to her lips as for silenc

14、e.A. an ideaB. a markC. a signD. a word【陷阱】容易誤選Bo【分析】 應(yīng)選C, sign與mark的區(qū)別是：sign的意思是跡象、征兆gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information,a command, etc(用手或頭等做出示意動(dòng)作以傳遞信息或命令等)，mark的意思是written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication ofsth(書(shū)寫(xiě)與印刷的符號(hào)或圖、線

15、等記號(hào))。根據(jù)此二詞的語(yǔ)義區(qū)別以及常識(shí)可知答案為G類似地，下面兩題的答案也是C:B. markD. oneThose black clouds are a sure that it s going to rain.A. thingC. signJust as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ofgood harvest next year.A. markB. trackC. signD. appearance但是，下面一題卻不能選sign ,也不能選 mark,而選symbol(象征)：The lion is con

16、sidered the king of the forest as it is a(n)of courage and power.A. exampleB. signC. markD. symbol順便說(shuō)一句，在近幾年的高考中像這類結(jié)合詞義區(qū)別以及語(yǔ)境和生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行考查的試 題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，同學(xué)們需引起注意?！癕ay I take your order now?We d like three black and two green.A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas【

17、陷阱】 誤選C,認(rèn)為coffee和tea均為不可數(shù)名詞，不能后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ,從而排除選項(xiàng)A、B、D?！痉治觥窟xB。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為coffee 和tea是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，不能用three coffees, two teas這樣的表達(dá)。其實(shí)，coffee既可用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“咖啡”這種物質(zhì)，也可 用作可數(shù)名詞，表示一杯咖啡，即在口語(yǔ)中 three coffees 就等于three cups of coffee 。同樣，三杯茶既可說(shuō)成 three cups of tea ,也可說(shuō)成three teas ;三杯 啤酒”既可說(shuō)成 three glasses of beer ,也可說(shuō)成 three

18、 beers 。is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. WalkB. WalkingC. The walkD. To walk【陷阱】容易誤選A或D?！痉治觥?最佳答案為Bo分析如下：(1)首先，選項(xiàng)D不如選項(xiàng)B佳，因?yàn)椋欢ㄊ酵ǔ１硎咎囟ǖ膭?dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞才表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。(2)盡管walk用作名詞時(shí)可以表示“散步”，但它是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的散步，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“散步”，要表示此義，要用動(dòng)名詞walking比較：How about going for a walk?出去散散步如何 ？Walking

19、does good to your health.散步對(duì)你的健康有益。類似地，dance和dancing 以及swim 和swimming 的區(qū)別也是一樣：(1)名詞的dance表示“跳舞”，是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的跳舞，而不 表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用動(dòng)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的名詞dancing 。比較：Let s have a dance.我們跳曲舞吧。He is interested in dancing.他對(duì)跳舞感興趣。(2)名詞的swim表示“游泳”，是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的游泳，而不表 示抽象意義或泛指意義的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用動(dòng)名

20、詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的名詞 swimming。比較：She had a swim every day.她每天游一會(huì)兒泳。She loves swimming. 她喜歡游泳。精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練Ten years had passed. I found she had .A. a few white hairsB. a little white hairC. some white hairD. more fifty hair Hi, this way, please.OK.I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the crossroad.A. position

21、B. directionC. situationD. conditionShelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first.A. intentionB. attemptC. purposeD. desireI didn t have to work all weekendA. chanceC. accident“ Did you get to the party?A. an answerC. a questionI paid

22、him 50 for the painting,A. priceC. valueHis letter was so confusing that I couldA. explanationC. senseYou ve just missed your ,chance- I did it by.choiceD. myself“Yes, I replied to it this morning.an invitationD. a letterbut its true must be at leastmoneyD. importancehardly make any of it.meaningD.

23、guessand you will have to wait for the nextturn500.round.C. timeD. part一 Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well. It s no he always gets the first place in any examination.A. questionB. doubtC. problemD. wonder一 How can I use this washing machine?Well, just refer to the.A. explanationsB. expr

24、essionsC. introductionsD. directionsJim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the.A. rooms numberB. room numberC. room s numbersD. room numbersHello, I d like to speak to Henry. Oh, which? There are two in our office.A. Henrys, HenrysB. Henries, HenriesC. Henry, Henry

25、sD. Henrys, HenriesElectricity, like other forms of , has greatly increased in price recent years.A. pressureB. forceC. strengthD. energyIn order to learn the of the family business, Bill took a job asmessenger boy in one of the offices.A. ins and outsB. dos and don tsC. heads and tailsD. t s and i

26、s-I ve got anA in the examination.That s a good. You will surely win a second.A. resultB. newsC. startD. ideain答案與解析1.選A。hair可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，指一根一根的毛發(fā)或頭發(fā),我的湯里有根頭發(fā)）；用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則是整體地如說(shuō) There s a hair in my soup (2.選B。需根據(jù)句意來(lái)分析。have no sense of direction意為“沒(méi)有方向感”。3.選B。需根據(jù)句意來(lái)分析。attempt在此表示嘗試。4.選B,由于上文說(shuō)

27、didnt have to work ,所以下文相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)境應(yīng)是did it bychoiceO類似地，下面一題應(yīng)選D,也是因?yàn)?choice與下文的have to do it相呼應(yīng):Were you given aor did you have to do it?A. jobB. dutyC. requestD. choice5.選B。注意其后的to the party和 replied to it 。指一個(gè)人的頭發(fā)。6.選C value指價(jià)值”。7.選 C makesense of 意為明白、理解。比較：make sense意為有意義”“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一題選D:What he

28、 told us about the situation simply doesn t make any.A. useB. reasonC. valueD. sense.選Bo miss one s turn 電為錯(cuò)過(guò)機(jī)會(huì)，注意下文的have to wait for thenext round所表示的語(yǔ)境。.選 Do it s no wonder ( +that 從句)的意思是難怪， 也可說(shuō)成 No wonder (+that 從句)。.選Do directions的意思是“使用說(shuō)明”，空格前的refer to 意為查看、爹苦 O.選D room為無(wú)生命名詞，不用 room s這樣的所有格形式，在此可直接用名詞 作定語(yǔ)。類似地，下面一題要選B,也是一樣的道理(名詞作定語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)不用復(fù)數(shù))：The boy was very happy that hi