2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解練習(xí)(5)(I)

1、2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解練習(xí)（5）閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Rae Arma ntrout, who has bee n a poetry professor at the Uni versity of Califor nia SanDiego(UCSD)for two decades, has won the xx Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category forher most recent b ook, “Versed” .I m delighted and amazed at how

2、 much media recognition that the Pulitzer brings,as pared to even the National Book Critics Award, which I was also surprised and delighted to win, ” said Armantrout.For a long time, my writing has been just below the media radar, and to have thiskind of atte nti on, sudde nly, with my 10th book, is

3、 really surpris ing.”Armantrout, a native Californian, received her bachelor s degree at UC Berkeley,where she studied with no ted poet Denise Levertov, and her master s in creativewrit ing from San Fran cisco State Uni versity. She is a founding member of Lan guagePoets, a group in America n poetry

4、 that an alyzes the way Ian guage is used and raises questi ons to make the reader thi nk.In March, she won the National Boo k Critics Award for “Versed. ”This book has gotten more attention,” Armantrout said, “but I don t feel as ifit s better. ”The first half of “Versed” focuses on the dark forces

5、 taking hold of the United States as it fought the war aga inst Iraq. The sec ond half looks at the dark forces cast ing a shadow over her own life after Arma ntrout was diag no sed with cancer in xx.Arma ntrout was shocked to lear n she had won the Pulitzer but many of her colleagueswere not.“ Rae

6、Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry,” said Seth Lerer,head of Arts and Huma nities at UCSD.Versed, ” published by the Wesleyan UniversityPress, did appear in a larger printingthan her earlier works, which is about 2, 700 copies. The new editi on is scheduled to appear in May.Accord ing t

7、o Rae Arma ntrout.her 10th book is much better B. her winning the Pulitzer is un expectedC. the media is surprised at her works D. she likes being recognized by her readersWhich of the following is true of Rae Armantrout?She published a poetry textbook. B. She used to teach Denise Levertov.C. She st

8、arted a poets group with others.Berkeley.What can we learn about“Versed” ?It consists of three parts.B.C. It is a book published two decades ago. life.D. She taught creative writi ng at UCIt is mainly about the American army.D. It partly concerns the poet s ownRae Armantrout s colleagues think that

9、sheshould write morehas a sweet voicedeserves the prizeis a stra nge professorWhat can we lear n from the text?About 2, 700 copies ofVersed” will be printed.Cancer made Arma ntrout stop writi ng.Arma ntrout got her degrees at UCSD.“Versed” has been awarded twice.【參考答案】1-5 、BCDCDEati ng 40 perce nt l

10、ess food could exte nd a pers ons life by 20 years, accord ing to scie ntists.Researchers at the In stitute of Health Agei ng at Un iversity College London aredeveloping a treatment that they hope will fight the“disease ” of getting older.They are looking into how genetics （遺傳學(xué)）and lifestyle can aff

11、ect ageing andadd years, possibly decades, to a pers ons life.Age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and n euro dege nerati on can also be treated, it is claimed.They want to find out how the life of a rat can be in creased by up to 30 perce ntsimply by reduci ng its food in tak

12、e.Researcher Dr. Piper told the In depe nden t: If you reduce the diet of a rat by40 perce nt it will live for 20 or 30 perce nt Ion ger. So we would be talk ing 20 yearsof humanlife. This has shown on all sorts of animals, even Labradors （a kind of dog）.The scientists are also studying fruit flies,

13、 which share 60 percent of human genesand age in a similar manner, and mice.They have already made the healthy lifespa n（壽命）Ion ger in both flies and miceby using drug treatme nts and a bala need diet. It is hoped that this bin ati on will also work to exte nd （ 延長(zhǎng)） huma n life. Dr. Piper said: If w

14、e discover the genes in volved with age ing, we should be able to delay age ing itself. This is what weve foun d.He added that the field of research into extending life is only a decade old,so rema ins in theory. It is their special approach to treati ng all age-related diseases caused by the diseas

15、e of age ing itself that sets their research apart.The author writes this text in order to.en courage people to eat as little as possibletell people how harmful food is to their healthin troduce an on-going research on delay ing age ingshow how similar mice and huma ns are to each otherHow can peopl

16、e live Ion ger accord ing to the text?Exercise regularly.Reduce their diet properly.Vary their lifestyles con sta ntly.D. Change their genes pletely.What does the un derl ined sentence in the last paragraph suggest?The research is effort-tak ing.The result of the research is reliable.The research ha

17、s bee n done for a long time.Theres a long way to go to put the theory into practice.C篇:【語篇解讀】64.C【命題立意】考查對(duì)作者寫作意圖的理解?！驹囶}解析】本文是客觀介紹一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行著的研究，沒有主觀意愿。因此，選Co65.B【命題立意】主旨大意題?！驹囶}解析】本文的主旨大意是食物量和壽命長(zhǎng)短的關(guān)系。根據(jù)第五段“ They want to本文是一篇科普類文章。 介紹一個(gè)有關(guān)食物的量與壽命長(zhǎng)短的關(guān)系的研究。find out how the life of a rat can be in creased by

18、 up to 30 perce nt”可知。simply by reduci ng its food in take.66.D【命題立意】考查學(xué)生對(duì)句子深層含義的理解?！驹囶}解析】本句話的意思是這個(gè)研究才開始10年，所以還停留在理論層面，故選D。閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。The teacher who did the most to en courage me was, as it happe ns, my aunt. She wasMyrtle C. Manigault, the wife ofmy mother s brother Bill.

19、 She taught me in secondgrade at all-black Sumner School in Camde n, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle en couraged me to develop every aspect ofmy potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice

20、and pronounced it good. I couldn t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not justchildren s theatre but adult edies and dramas and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappo in ted.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and share

21、d them with me. Ihad books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong likingfor humour, all I ll never forget the joy of discoveringDon Marquis s Archy& Mehitabel through her.Most importa nt, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opport unity to write forpublicati o

22、n.A writer herself for one of the black n ewspapers, she suggestedmy n ameto the editor as a “youth columnist ” . My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover tee nage social activities and it did but it also gave me thefreedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of g

23、athering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was mypassport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiasticsupporter of her “favourite niece ” . Lik

24、ea diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted （多面的）image of possibilitiesto every pupil who has crossed her path.Which of the follow ing did Aunt Myrtle do to the author duri ng her childhood andyouth?She lent her some serious classics. B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered

25、her tale nt for dancing. D. She in troduced her to adult plays.What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun.B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreak ing play.Aunt Myrtle reme nded the author to a n ewspaper editor main ly to.A. develop

26、her capabilities for writingB.give her a chanee to collect materialC. involve her in teenage social activities D.offer her a series of writing jobsWe can con clude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who.A. trained pupils to be dilige nt and well-discipli nedgave pupils con fide nce in e

27、xploit ing their pote ntialemphasized what was practical or possible for pupilshelped pupils overe difficulties in learning【參考答案】 1-4 、 DAAB【 xx 高考英語吉林省長(zhǎng)春市調(diào)研試題】DThe Hearst CastleHearst Castle is a park on the central California coast and a National HistoricLandmark. It was designed by Julia Morgan f

28、or William Randolph Hearst from 1919 until 1947. In 1957, the owner donated the fortune to the state of California. Since that time it has been a state historic park where its large collection of art and antiques are open for public tours. Despite its location far from any urban center, the site att

29、racts roughly one million visitors per year.Guided Tours? Tour One is remended for first time visitors. It now includes the movie, HearstCastle Building the Dream.? Tour Two gives visitors a closer look at the main houses upper floors, Mr. Hearsts private suite, the libraries, and the kitchen.? Tour

30、 Three looks at the Castles North Wing, guest rooms and guest house Casa DelMonte.? Tour Four includes the impressive gardens and grounds, the largest guesthouse, the wine basement, and the Hidden Terrace.? The evening tour is a special tour that allows visitors to experience the Castleat night as o

31、ne of the Hearsts own visitors might have.Ticket PricesHearst Castle accepts VISA, Master Card, American Express and Discover. Free day use parking is available for automobiles, motorcycles, tour buses and recreational vehicles.ToursAdultAges 6-17Tour 1$24$12Tours 2, 3 or 4$24$12Evening tour$30$15*

32、Childre n un der 6 are free whe n acpa nied by a pay ing adult.Reservati on （預(yù)訂）In formatio nWhile tickets may be purchased at the VisitorCenter upon arrival, tourreservationscan be madeonline now or by calling1-800-444-4445, see below for times.Reservati on Call Cen ter HoursDatesMon day-FridaySatu

33、rday-S un dayMarch-September8am to 6pm8am to 6pmOctober-February9am to 5pm9am to 3pmVisit for more in formatio n.Who does the Hearst Castle bel ong to at prese nt?A. William Ra ndolph Hearst.B. Julia Morga n.C. The Hearst Corporatio n.D. The state of California.If you are quite in t

34、erested in wi ne, which tour will you choose?A. Tour One.B. Tour Two.C. Tour Three.D.Tour Four.If a couple take Tour One with their 5-year-old son, how much will they pay for the tickets?A. 36.B. 48C. 60.D. 75.Which of the follow ing is the available time to book tickets by phone?A. At 8 am on Mon d

35、ay in February.B. At 9 am on Su nday in March.C. At 7 pm on Friday in September.D. At 6 pm on Saturday in October.D篇：【語篇解讀】本文是廣告類文章，介紹the Hearst Castle這個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息。67.D【命題立意】細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！驹囶}解析】通過第一段第二、三句可知。68.D【命題立意】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。【試題解析】在 Tour Four 里提至U了 wine basement 。69.B【命題立意】信息理解題?！驹囶}解析】通過第一個(gè)表格及表格下注釋內(nèi)容進(jìn)行計(jì)算可知。70.

36、B【命題立意】信息理解題?！驹囶}解析】根據(jù)第二個(gè)表格可知。2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解練習(xí)（5） （II）高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀考前精講精練（答案） 任務(wù)型閱讀復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)浙江省的任務(wù)型閱讀采用了“六選五”型小標(biāo)題配伍題型。該題型較好地貫徹了浙江省高考英語考試說明的指導(dǎo)思想：在考查學(xué)生英語語言知識(shí)和技能的同時(shí)，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生綜 合運(yùn)用語言獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力。尤其側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生語篇綜 合理解能力和歸納概括能力。一、題型特點(diǎn)浙江卷采用該題型已有三年，現(xiàn)將三年高考真題的特點(diǎn)列表分析如下:年份詞數(shù)體裁話題xx526議論文團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作xx591說明文如何讓你的生活簡(jiǎn)單化xx5

37、24議論文不要拖沓一一今日事今日畢通過上表可知，浙江卷任務(wù)型閱讀的選材有如下特點(diǎn)：篇幅：在500-600詞之間，文章比較長(zhǎng)；體裁：主要為議論文和說明文，一般不考記敘文，因?yàn)橛洈⑽亩喟垂适虑楣?jié)展開，而 不是分要點(diǎn)展開；話題：話題貼近學(xué)生生活，時(shí)代感強(qiáng)。常見的話題有：日常生活、學(xué)生生活、學(xué)習(xí)方 法與技巧、環(huán)境保護(hù)、人際關(guān)系、科普知識(shí)等；文章結(jié)構(gòu)：所選文章多為“總一一分”型，即：文章一般由兩大部分組成：引子+正文，正文部分則由五個(gè)部分組成，每個(gè)部分均由“小標(biāo)題+說明”組成，各部分的說明是對(duì)小標(biāo)題的闡釋或論證。需要特別說明的是，xx年該題型為選擇每段的首句，而不再是子標(biāo)題。其實(shí)，各段首句也 就是本段主

38、題句，相當(dāng)于本段落的子標(biāo)題。二、真題實(shí)例分析xx年高考英語浙江卷下面文章中有5個(gè)段落需要添加首句（第6165題）。請(qǐng)從以下選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D E和F）選 出適合各段落的首句。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。Time can run out.Tomor row won t be better.Ideas n eed time to develop.Your professor will be impatie nt.You blow off your cha nces for help.You are probablyoverestimating （高估 ） the pain.Never Put off

39、 TomorrowWhat You Can Do TodayWant to put off study ing for the physics test? Or writ ing that thirty-fiveresearch paper on future uses of biotech no logy? Sure you do? And who would n t? Butit s stilla silly idea to put off doing something untila future time. Here is why .The task will be still the

40、 same. It won t be any more fun and youstill won t want to do it. As the deadline gets closer and closer, the task seemsto bee larger and larger if you have n t started the work. And the stress in creases.Now not only do you have to write that paper, you have to do it undergreat pressure.Beforeyou s

41、tart, it seems that the task is unlikely to be acplished.But you know what? You re probably miscalculating. Get started maybe on a smallpiece and you will discover that you have more resources and know more about thesubject than you thought. Result? You won t experienee nearly as much suffering asyo

42、u expected to. Things are guara nteed 100 perce nt to get better. If you leave your work before the night before it s due, you giveup the possibility of gett ing in put from your professor. Professors regularly giveadvice or at least a few useful tips during office hours. Unfortunatelythough,they do

43、n t usually hold office hours at midnight, so you will be out of luck whenyou discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.Ever wonder why the professor assigns the paper two weeks beforeit s due? It s because he or

44、she expects you to be thinking about the issue, or doing the research, for two weeks. No, not every wak ing mome nt, but at least some of the time. After all, the professor could just as easily have give n the assig nment one week before it was due if he or she expected less thinking. Most college p

45、apers require you to have some kind of idea, the n to spe nd some time thinking about it, revis ing it, and polish ing it. When you throw together a paper or a report at the last minu te, your ideas are half-baked. And your professor will know it.If you put things off at the last minu te, you might

46、find that you have n t budgeted eno ugh minu tes to finish the n ecessary tasks. It s the easiestthing in the world to miscalculate how long it will take to do all the work especially whe n new issues arise like ill ness, family problems, puter breakdow ns, troubleat work, and all the other thi ngs

47、as you are thinking through your paper argume ntor preparing yourself for the ing test. If you keep delaying, you don t allow yoursel f time for those various life events that have an adverse （不禾U的）effect on your ability to plete your assig nment.有些學(xué)生喜歡拖延，豈不知明日復(fù)明日，明日何其多。文章從五個(gè)方面論述了不能將今日 事拖延至明日，應(yīng)該今日事今

48、日畢。B。通讀本段可知，本段從兩個(gè)層面展開討論：1.（前兩句）任務(wù)依舊在那里，需要做，不會(huì)變得有趣，你依舊不愿做；2.（后三句）越往后推，工作任務(wù)越發(fā)顯得沉重，壓力也就越大，你將需要在承受巨大壓力之下完成任務(wù)。顯然，本段討論的角度是：向后拖延并 不會(huì)帶來什么好處。F。根據(jù) it seems that the task is uniikely to be acplished以及You won texperie nee n early as much sufferi ng as you expected to可知，本段討論的是你可能因?yàn)楦吖懒死щy而拖延，其實(shí)，完成任務(wù)并沒有你想象的那么難。E。根據(jù)

49、 you give up the possibility of gett ing in put from your professor以及you will be out of luck可知，本段分論點(diǎn)為：把事情放到最后一刻去做，將會(huì)喪失獲得幫助的機(jī)會(huì)。本段論述方式為舉例說明，例子為大學(xué)生如果把課業(yè)留在最后一刻，將會(huì)失去 得到教授指導(dǎo)的機(jī)會(huì)。D項(xiàng)有一定干擾性，但本段只是說晚上教授一般不工作，并沒有說教授會(huì)失去耐心。C。根據(jù)本段中出現(xiàn)的 two weeks, not every waking moment, but at least some ofthe time, one week, at th

50、e last mi nute等可知，本段討論的話題與時(shí)間相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與時(shí)間有關(guān)：A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)說的是“時(shí)間會(huì)隨著拖延而流失”，顯然不是本段討論的內(nèi)容。C項(xiàng)說的是“想法需要時(shí)間不斷提升”，與本段內(nèi)容吻合。A。本段空格后的第一句：如果人們習(xí)慣于將事情推到最后一刻去做，將可能發(fā)現(xiàn)沒 有預(yù)留出足夠的時(shí)間來完成要做的事情。最后一句：生活中總是會(huì)有阻礙完成工作的各種事 情發(fā)生，如果你有拖延的習(xí)慣，你將不會(huì)有時(shí)間去應(yīng)付。顯然，本段討論的是拖延到最后時(shí) 刻，很容易導(dǎo)致時(shí)間不夠用。三、解題步驟及方法指導(dǎo)本題型可以按以下步驟解題：第一步：閱讀所提供的選項(xiàng)，推測(cè)文章主旨?？忌鷳?yīng)先瀏覽所提供的選項(xiàng)，利用這

51、些信息 激活與文章主題相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)，同時(shí)根據(jù)所提供的選項(xiàng)去推測(cè)文章的內(nèi)容，預(yù)測(cè)所要概括段落的內(nèi)容。第二步：分段閱讀，各個(gè)擊破。讀每段話時(shí)，要注意其中的關(guān)鍵信息句與關(guān)鍵信息詞，關(guān) 鍵信息句與關(guān)鍵信息詞可能出現(xiàn)在段落的開頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落中間和段落的末尾，建議 考生在閱讀過程中劃出段落主題句和關(guān)鍵信息詞，閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)綜合考慮整個(gè)段落，要能準(zhǔn)確迅 速提取出概括主旨的信息，初步確定一個(gè)能概括該段主旨大意的選項(xiàng)。一般來說，段落的關(guān) 鍵信息句與關(guān)鍵信息詞往往就體現(xiàn)出了該段的主旨大意，但可能會(huì)對(duì)關(guān)鍵信息句換一種說法， 或者用關(guān)鍵信息詞的同義（近義）詞以及同根詞作為段落的主旨概括選項(xiàng)，這時(shí)候要看清選 項(xiàng)真正的

52、意思，靈活處理信息，做出正確選擇。同時(shí)還要注意分析段落的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，注意段 落的行文方式，特別是要注意段落行文過程話題和意義的轉(zhuǎn)換，謹(jǐn)防出現(xiàn)以偏概全和錯(cuò)誤概 括的問題，考生一定要讀完每個(gè)段落，因?yàn)橛行┒温涞闹髦紩?huì)出現(xiàn)在段落的結(jié)尾。本階段應(yīng)注意以下事項(xiàng)：認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)的異同，確定各選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞語，如xx年試題的A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)均涉及到time ,但A項(xiàng)的重點(diǎn)在于 run out ， C項(xiàng)則為 Ideas develop 。D. Your professor will be impatient. 的關(guān)鍵詞是 impatient ；E. You blow off your chances for help.

53、的關(guān)鍵詞是 chances for help ； F. You are probably overestimating the pain.的關(guān)鍵詞是 overestimating the pain 。使用過的選項(xiàng)要做出標(biāo)記，這樣，剩下的選項(xiàng)就會(huì)不斷減少，后面段落答案的確定就 可以大大減少用時(shí)。建議直接使用其適用空白處的題號(hào)標(biāo)記，簡(jiǎn)單明了。多余選項(xiàng)予以排除 后，可作特殊標(biāo)記，以示區(qū)別。確定各空答案的方法：高頻詞匯關(guān)聯(lián)法。 一個(gè)段落圍繞某一話題展開， 必然會(huì)大量使用與該話題關(guān)聯(lián)的詞匯。 如上述 64題一段出現(xiàn)了 two weeks， not every waking moment, but at

54、least some of the time ， one week ， at the last minute 等大量與 time 相關(guān)的詞匯，由此可知，本段討論的話題與時(shí) 間相關(guān)。從而可確定A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)的可能性最大。利用復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系解題法。 復(fù)現(xiàn)是行文不可避免要使用的一種詞匯銜接手段， 它通過原詞、 同 （ 近） 義詞、概括詞等形式重復(fù)某一概念，從而使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。如上述 63題，該段中的 you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor 實(shí)際上與E項(xiàng)You blow off your chance

55、s for help同義，屬于復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。復(fù)現(xiàn)包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、 同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、 同（近）義復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義復(fù)現(xiàn)、 上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和解釋型復(fù)現(xiàn)。概括總結(jié)法。對(duì)于那些無法通過上述方法解答的試題，恐怕我們就只能通過細(xì)讀段落內(nèi)容，概括總結(jié)出其主旨大意，然后再在選項(xiàng)中找到合適的選項(xiàng)。如65題，我們就無法通過高頻詞語關(guān)聯(lián)法或利用復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系解題，此時(shí)，我們可認(rèn)真閱讀，自己總結(jié)段落大意。 第三步：復(fù)核答案。復(fù)核時(shí)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注未被選的干擾項(xiàng)，防止出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)選。閱讀理解Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move q

56、uietly into the sea, you shouldnt forget that Charles Darwin （1809-1882） arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals.This finally inspired （啟發(fā) ） his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You cancertainly follow Darwins footsteps and enjoy a trip from fou

57、r to seven days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise （天堂 ） for wildlife, as there are nonatural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it co

58、uld be. The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise（ 巨型海龜 ）, which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago（群島 ）. Some of thesecreatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself.

59、 Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of inparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surfac

60、e with a great breath of air.Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in plete occupation of the islands, which are