infinitive動(dòng)詞不定式解析課件

1、GrammarInfinitive第1頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Review the V.ing form1. Learning without practice is no good. 2. I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. 3. Our work is serving the people. 4. The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. 5. All moving bodies have energy. 6. Im sorry for havi

2、ng you waiting so long.7. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them.subjectobjectpredicativeattributiveattributivecomplementadverbial第2頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。V.-ingGerund: subject ; object ; predicative ;attributivePresent Participle: attribute ; complement ; adverbial 囧GerundPresent Participle第3頁(yè)，共

3、49頁(yè)。Analyse the following sentences1. Its our duty to take good care of the old. 2.My job is to help patients.3.He wanted to go home.4.I have no chance to go sightseeing.5.He asked me to do the work.6.Check your composition to avoid mistakes.subjectpredicativeobjectattributivecomplementadverbial第4頁(yè)，

4、共49頁(yè)。InfinitiveInfinitive : to dosubject ; object ; predicative ; attributive ;complement ; adverbial 囧第5頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Infinitive與V.-ing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為.Smoking is prohibited here.It is stupid of you to write down what the teacher says. 第6頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。用it作形式主語(yǔ),把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中. It+be+名詞+

5、to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 第7頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。 It+be+形容詞+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an ho

6、ur. It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.在句型中,常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)批評(píng)的詞. 第8頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Infinitive與V.-ing作表語(yǔ)

7、時(shí)的區(qū)別不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為.To see is to believe.Our work is serving the people.Ps.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí),其含義一是條件,一是結(jié)果 第9頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Infinitive與V.-ing作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞后,只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ).如:agree,ask, aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promi-se, refuse, wish

8、等 這些詞大部分可接that引導(dǎo)的從句.如: I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. 第10頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí),先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式,把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后, 即:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng) 詞+it+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+to do句式. ( think , find , feel , consider ,etc) 如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels

9、it his duty to help the poor. 第11頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。介詞but, except, besides +to do(do) 在這種句型中,如介詞前有動(dòng)詞do,后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式;如無(wú)do,則接to不定式,即帶do不帶to, 帶to不帶do.如: The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 第12頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。2.動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)（復(fù)習(xí)）以下動(dòng)詞后,只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),如:admit, appreciate,

10、consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, dont mind, give up, 等. 如: I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. 第13頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ) I should go to attend the birt

11、hday celebration instead of staying at home. 動(dòng)名詞前的介詞有時(shí)可以省略 如: have difficulty(in)doing have no trouble(in)doingprevent/stop(from)doing spend (in) doing sth第14頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。某些動(dòng)詞后面,既可接動(dòng)詞不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),意義不變. 如:begin, continue, start, need, require, want等. (在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被動(dòng)意義,也可接不定式,但要用被動(dòng)形式 )Yo

12、ur handwriting needs improving (to be improved)(當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begin, continue, start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)+to do)如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. (當(dāng)begin, continue, start與know, understand等心理活動(dòng)的詞連用時(shí)+to do)如:I soon began to understand what was happening. 第15頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),意義差別較大,應(yīng)根據(jù)句子

13、語(yǔ)境選擇使用. forget, remember, regret mean try stop cant help go on like,love ,hate第16頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Infinitive與V.-ing作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別V.-ing作定語(yǔ) （復(fù)習(xí)）This passage can be used as listening materials. The reading room of our school library can hold 800 people. All moving bodies have energy.The man standing at the school gate

14、 is Professor Li. 第17頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Infinitive作定語(yǔ)不定式在句中作定語(yǔ),置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后. （后置）The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister. Do you have anything to say on the question.Would you please give me some paper to write on. My wish to visit France has come true at last.

15、 囧第18頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系: (1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作(例). (2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,如是不及物動(dòng)詞,則需加介詞(例). (3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí),盡管有被動(dòng)含義,卻仍 用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(例);如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,而無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,則需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(例). (4)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句,例to arrive=that will arrive. 囧第19頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。常接不定式作定語(yǔ)的詞1. chance idea time way effort right moment etcEg. I ha

16、ve no chance to go back. It was my sister who had the idea to cycle the entire Mekong river第20頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。2. the only 及 序數(shù)詞（the first/second) 順序詞（the last/next)Eg. He is the first (one) to leave the office.第21頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Infinitive與V.-ing作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別Present participle 作 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) (復(fù)習(xí)）I hear her singing in the next room.I

17、 am sorry for having you waiting so long.第22頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。作感官動(dòng)詞的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)I hear her singing in the next room.I hear her sing in the next room.作使役動(dòng)詞的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)I am sorry for having you waiting so long.I will have Bob take your suitcase,sir.第23頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。什么情況下用不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)一感覺(jué)二聽(tīng)三讓四看：一個(gè)表示感覺(jué)的詞feel；兩個(gè)表示聽(tīng)hear，listen to；三個(gè)表示讓let, mak

18、e, have；四個(gè)表示看see，look at，watch，notice Ps.這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),to不能省略They make the students do too much homework.The students are made to do too much homework.第24頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。常要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(強(qiáng)迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persu

19、ade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等 Would you like me to give your regards to Mary I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. 第25頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。allow/permit/advise/forbidhope/suggest + sb. to do (X)sb. to dodoing第26頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Infinitive與V.-ing作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別英語(yǔ) 中的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 原因 結(jié)果 方式 伴隨 條件 讓步 目的現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語(yǔ) 第27頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。

20、to do 可以作 目的、原因、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ) I stayed there to see what would happen. I stayed there in order to see what would happen.I stayed there so as to see what would happen. 可置于句首第28頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別Having finished the job,David went back home.We are glad to hear the news. 現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，通常表示主動(dòng)的概念。在部分表示感情色彩的形容詞之后可接不

21、定式作原因狀語(yǔ)astonished,glad,happy,pleased,sad, sorry,surprised 等. 第29頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別His father died, leaving the family even worse off.The bus rolled in a valley, causing ten deaths and more wounded .現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示順其自然的結(jié)果。第30頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用在下列句式中.如: soas to; suchas to Im not so stupid as to put it in wr

22、iting. Im not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing. enoughto First, most people are not rich enough to buy a car.only to Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital. tooto Im too tired to stay up longer. 第31頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。不定式的其它用法 1.不定式短語(yǔ)還可作獨(dú)立成分,用于句首,句中或句末. to be exact(確切地說(shuō)) to beg

23、in with(首先) to do him justice(說(shuō)句對(duì)他公道的話)to be sure(真的) to tell the truth(說(shuō)實(shí)話）To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment to me. 第32頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。不定式的其它用法2.疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) who,what,which,when,where,whether,how 后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)等.When to leave for London has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didnt

24、 know whether to leave or stay there. I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. The question was where to get the medicine needed. 第33頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的 時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)完成時(shí)doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done第34頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般式 to do不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生（或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生），或是在其之后發(fā)生。I want

25、to have a cup of tea. (同時(shí)）We expect her to come. (之后)第35頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。2.進(jìn)行式 to be doing不定式的進(jìn)行式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。He pretended to be waiting for someone.3.完成式 to have done不定式的完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作。Bell is said to have invented the telephone.第36頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Ps. be,expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,w

26、ant,wish的過(guò)去式+不定式的完成式，或它們的過(guò)去完成式+不定式的一般式，表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的的愿望、期待或計(jì)劃。I intended to have called on you yesterday.= I had intended to call on you yesterday.第37頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式 to be done完成式 to have been done 1.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式的執(zhí)行者，要用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式的承受者，則要用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Do you want to teach the child?( you是teach的執(zhí)行者）Do you want to be taught English?(you是taught的承受者：someone teaches you）第38頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。Have you anything to be taken to your sister.（是“別人”去take) Do you have anything to say on the question. (是“you”去say）當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的詞是其動(dòng)作的承受者，即構(gòu)成了“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”，不定式可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但意義不同。第39頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。不定式的省略有