人口壓力指數(shù)

1、Seen figure WPI by population data:Tianjin, Ningxia, Shanghai, Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan and JiangxiSu, water resources population pressure index greater than 0.5, are extremely dry areas, the water situation is very seriousWeight; Liaoning, Gansu population pressure index from 0 to 0.

2、5, is a severe water shortageDistrict, Water Resources serious impact on local economic development. In addition, Anhui, ShaanxiWest, Jilin, Hubei moderate to water shortage由圖中 WPI by population數(shù)據(jù)可知：天津、寧夏、上海、北京、河北、山東、山西、河南和江蘇，水資源人口壓力指數(shù)大于0. 5,屬于極度缺水地區(qū)，缺水狀況非常嚴(yán)重；遼寧、甘肅人口壓力指數(shù)為00. 5,屬重度缺水區(qū)，水資源嚴(yán)重影響地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。另

3、外，安徽、陜 西、吉林、湖北也中度缺水由圖中WPI by ecosystem數(shù)據(jù)可知：這類地區(qū)的水資源生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)大于0,由于水 資源總量有限，難以維系生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的正常功能，即使在沒有人口壓力的情況下，水資源也不足以保障當(dāng)我國區(qū)域發(fā)展的水資源壓力分析地生態(tài)用水的需求，也會發(fā)生生態(tài)失衡，因此有大片的荒漠地帶。該類型區(qū)包括8個省市，即寧夏(0. 87)、內(nèi)蒙古(0. 73)、新疆(0.64)、甘肅(0.62)、山西(0.44)、青海(0.43)、天津(0. 28)、河北(0. 23)東南沿海各省區(qū)，水資源生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)小于-4. 3水資源比較豐富。由圖中 WPI by economy developm

4、ent 數(shù)據(jù)可知：水資源經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展壓力較大的省份均分布在中、西部地區(qū)，包括貴州(0. 87)、甘肅(0. 82)、廣西(0. 79)、云南(0. 79)、陜西(0. 78)、四川(0. 77)、寧夏(0. 77)、安徽(0. 77)和江西(0. 77)Figure WPI by ecosystem data shows that: the type of regional water resources ecological pressure index is greater than 0, due to waterTotal resources are limited, it is diffi

5、cult to maintain the normal function of the ecosystem, In case there is no population pressure, when water resources are not sufficient to protect Water stress analysis of regional development in ChinaEcological water demand and ecological imbalance may also occur, and therefore a largeDesert. The t

6、ype area, including eight provinces, namely Ningxia (.87), Inner Mongolia (0.73), Xinjiang (0.64), Gansu (0.62), mountainWest (0.44), (0.23), Qinghai (0.43), Tianjin (0.28), Hebei southeast coastal provinces and autonomous regions, waterResources ecological pressure index of less than - 4.3 is rich

7、in water resources.By the diagram in the WPI by economy development data shows that:The pressure of the economic development of water resources provinces are distributed in the west Regions, including Guizhou (0.87), Gansu (0.82), the Guangxi (0.79),Yunnan (0.79), the Shaanxi (0.78), Sichuan (0.77),

8、 Ningxia (0.77),Anhui (0.77) and Jiangxi (0.77),各項水資源壓力指數(shù)分別從不同角度反映了區(qū)域水資源狀況及人口、生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對區(qū)域水資源壓力產(chǎn)生的影響，水資源緊缺指數(shù)是水資源人口壓 力指數(shù)、生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展壓力指數(shù)的加權(quán) 平均值。由于各地區(qū)的自然環(huán)境和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水 平差異大，很難以同一權(quán)重比例去計算各地區(qū)的水 資源緊缺指數(shù)。不同地區(qū)應(yīng)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源指標(biāo)對 水資源壓力的實際影響程度，確定各水資源壓力指 數(shù)的權(quán)重并計算當(dāng)?shù)氐乃Y源緊缺指數(shù)。綜上所述人口數(shù)量是造成水資源緊缺的最主要因素，應(yīng)賦予較高權(quán)重。按人口壓力指數(shù)、生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展壓力指

9、數(shù)以4 ： 3 ： 3的權(quán)重分配(表2),我國水資源緊缺指數(shù)最大的省級行政區(qū)依次是寧夏(0. 82)、山西(0.60)、河北(0. 53)、天津(0.46)、河南(0.46)、甘肅(0.43)、內(nèi)蒙古(0.43)、山東(0.42)和新疆(0.39),說明這些地區(qū)水資源緊缺程度大。綜合各地區(qū)各項水資源壓力指數(shù)和水資源緊缺指數(shù)，從水資源的自然分布(生態(tài)壓力)、社會影響(人口壓力)和未來經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需求(經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展壓力)等方面全面分析，我國華北平原(黃河、淮河、海河流域)、內(nèi)蒙古高原和西北地區(qū)缺水程度最高，包括寧夏、山西、河北、北京、甘肅、內(nèi)蒙古、河南、新疆、天津、山東和青海等省區(qū)。這些省區(qū)水資源短缺的主

10、要 原因雖然有所不同，但考慮到建設(shè)全面小康社會的 任務(wù)，特別是城市化發(fā)展的趨勢，水資源短缺將成為 社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要制約因素。東南沿海的浙江、 福建、廣東、香港、澳門和臺灣，因水資源量大、經(jīng)濟(jì) 相對發(fā)達(dá)，未來水資源的緊缺程度較小。東北三省、 西南地區(qū)及長江中游地區(qū)水資源緊缺程度中等。Various water pressure index reflects the area from a different angleDomain status of water resources and population, ecological, economic development of reg

11、ional water resourcesThe impact of the pressure, the water shortage index of water resources population pressure Force index, ecological pressure index and economic development pressure index weighted Average. Due to the natural environment and socio-economic development of the regions water Large,

12、it is difficult to calculate the proportion of the same weight water level differences Resource shortage Index. Different regions should be based on local water resources indicators on The actual impact of the water pressure to determine each water pressure means The number of weights and calculate

13、the index of local water resources shortage.In summaryThe population is caused by a shortage of water resources, the most important factors, should be givenHigher weights. Index by population pressure, ecological pressure index, and economic developmentExhibition pressure index to a 4:3:3 weight dis

14、tribution (Table 2), Chinas water resources Source shortage indexs largest provincial-level administrative region of Ningxia (0.82), The Shanxi (0.60), the Hebei (0.53), Tianjin (0.46), Henan (0.46),Gansu (0.43), Inner Mongolia (0.43), Shandong (0.42) and Xinjiang (0.,Indicating the degree of water

15、shortage in these areas.Comprehensive regional index of the pressure on water resources and the water shortage Index, the natural distribution of water resources (ecological pressure), the social impact (Population pressure) and future economic development needs (economic development pressure) Aspec

16、ts of a comprehensive analysis of the North China Plain (Yellow River, Huaihe River, sea and riversDomain), the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the Northwest Territories highest water shortage in the degree, including NingSummer, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Xinjiang, days Tianji

17、n, Shandong and Qinghai provinces. Shortage of water resources in these provinces Although the reasons are different, but taking into account the construction of a comprehensive well-off societyTask, in particular, the development trend of urbanization, water shortages will become The importance of social and economic development constraints. The southeast coast of Zhejiang, Fujian,