英語分詞的用法

1、v1.0可編輯可修改 英語分詞的用法英語中的分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行和主 動(dòng)意義，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成和被動(dòng)意義?，F(xiàn)將常用的英語分詞的用法歸納如下 1.作定語分詞可用來修飾名詞或代詞，并和所修飾的詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。(1)前置定語單個(gè)分詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾名詞之前，作前置定語。例如：What exciting news it is!這是多么令人振奮人心的消息！There were a lot of excited people at the concert. 演奏會(huì)上,彳艮多人興奮不已。(2)后置定語a、少數(shù)單個(gè)分詞(尤其是過去分詞為多)作定語時(shí)，

2、也可作后置定語。例如：Make sentences with the words given .用所給的詞造句。The goods ordered will be delivered soon.The money left is far from enough.Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned.b、單個(gè)分詞作不定代詞的定語時(shí)，要放在被修飾代詞之后，作后置定語。 例如：Is there anything unsolved ?還有沒解決的問題嗎？There is somethi

3、ng missing .有東西丟失了。c、分詞短語作定語時(shí)，要放在被修飾名詞之后，作后置定語。這時(shí)的分詞 短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。例如：v1.0可編輯可修改 Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree (=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ) 你認(rèn)識(shí)坐在樹下的那個(gè)老太太嗎？There comes a girl dressed in red . (=There comes a girl who is dressed in red .)一個(gè)穿紅衣服的女孩走過來了。2.

4、作表語分詞作表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語通常表示主語所具有的性質(zhì)或 特征，含有“令人的”意思。過去分詞作表語多表示主語所處的情形或狀態(tài)，含有“感 到的”意思。例如：The match was very disappointing .這場(chǎng)比賽令人失望。They were very disappointed .他們都非常失望。.作補(bǔ)語 (1)作賓語補(bǔ)語a、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語和現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng)意義)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，賓語和過去分詞(被動(dòng)意義)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。分詞通常用在see , hear, watch , notice , feel , find 等感官動(dòng)詞或 have ,get ,

5、 make等使役動(dòng)詞的賓語之后，補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：I found the man beating his dog there . (=I found that the man was beating his dog there .)我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)人在那兒打狗。I found the man beaten black and blue . (=I found that the man wasv1.0可編輯可修改（1）時(shí)間狀語 beaten black and blue .）我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)人被打得渾身青一塊紫一塊兒的。過去分詞在動(dòng)詞have , get之后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常常表示這動(dòng)作不是由

6、主語完成的，而是由別人完成的。例如：I want to have my shoes repaired . （= My shoes are repaired by somebody .）我想修鞋。b、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語在意義上有所不同?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ) 足語，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作處在發(fā)生過程中，還沒有結(jié)束；而不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示 動(dòng)作的全過程，即動(dòng)作已結(jié)束了。例如：I saw him going out .我看見他正在往外走。（正在發(fā)生 ）I saw him go out .我看見他出去了。（全過程）Do you hear someone knocking at the door

7、你聽見有人在敲門嗎（正在發(fā)生）Yes , I heard him knock three times .是的，我聽見他敲了三下。（全過程）（2）作主語補(bǔ)足語帶有分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子如果改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，分詞不變，但這時(shí)分詞 就不再作賓補(bǔ)足語，而是作主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：A man was seen sitting under the tree .看見有個(gè)人坐在那棵樹下。The door was found opened. 發(fā)現(xiàn)門被打開。.作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，一般句子主語就是分詞的主語。v1.0可編輯可修改 分詞作時(shí)間狀語相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，若兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可以在分詞前加入連詞w

8、hen或while 。例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up . (= Whenthe students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up .)(=When the earth學(xué)生們看到老師進(jìn)來，都站了起來。Seen from the moon , the earth looks like a ballis seenfrom the moon,it looks like a ball從月球上看，地球像個(gè)圓球。(2)原因狀語分詞作原因狀語時(shí)相當(dāng)于a

9、s, since或because所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。例如：Not knowing what to do about it, I asked my teacher for advice .(=Because I didn t know what to do about it , I asked my teacher for advice .) 由于我不知道該怎么辦，就征求老師的意見。Encouraged by his speech , the students decided to work hard. (= Asthe students were encouraged by his spee

10、ch, they decided to work hard .)受他講話的鼓舞，學(xué)生們決定努力學(xué)習(xí)。(3)條件狀語分詞作條件狀語時(shí)相于if或unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，也可在分詞短語前加if或unless 。例如：Reading more carefully , you ll learn something new. (= If you read more carefully , you ll learn something new .)如果你讀得更認(rèn)真些，你就會(huì)學(xué)到一些新東西。Given another chance , he ll succeed .(= If he is given

11、anotherchance , he ll succeed .)如果再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他一定會(huì)成功。(4)結(jié)果狀語v1.0可編輯可修改 分詞作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)相當(dāng)于that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句或并列句。例如:The bottle dropped to the ground ,breaking intopieces . (=The bottledropped to the ground that it broke into pieces瓶子掉在地上摔碎了。The old writerdied all ofa suddenleavinghis worksand he left his worksunfini

12、shed . (=The old writer died all of a sudden unfinished .)這位年邁的作家沒有完成他的著作就突然離開人世了。(5)讓步狀語分詞短語作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句。例如：Tired , the old man continued to work . (= Even though the 01d man was tired , he continued to work .) 盡管老人累了，他仍繼續(xù)干活。Although built many years ago, the machines are still working in perfect order.(= Although the machines were made many years ago, they are still working in perfect order.)雖然這些機(jī)器是很多年前