Unit 5 (LESSON 2)詞匯課件-高中英語北師大版選擇性必修第二冊

1、單詞課堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. Vygotsky版本：新北師單元：選擇性必修二 Unit 5 (LESSON 2)本單元詞匯梳理1.objectiveobject (物體) + -ive (的) 物體的，即不帶個(gè)人情感的、就事論事的 客觀的objective (adj 客觀的) 反義詞：subjectiveobjective (n 目標(biāo)) 近義詞：goal詞塊：set / achieve / pursue an objective2.gain一詞多義：基本義“獲得”詞塊：gain from, gain knowledge /

2、weight, weight gain, no pain no gain3.well-roundedwell + round (v 使成圓形) + -ed4.pursuepur- (forward 向前) + sue (to follow 跟隨) 向前跟隨 追趕 (基本義) 詞塊：pursue sbs dream5.criticalcrit (to judge 判斷) + -ic (名詞后綴) + -al (形容詞后綴) 愛作判斷的 批判的；挑剔的；詞塊：be critical to, critical thinking6.cognitionco- (表示強(qiáng)調(diào)) + gn (to know 知

3、道) + -ition (名詞后綴) 知道的過程 認(rèn)知7.core詞塊：core value8. insightin + sight 眼睛看進(jìn)去、用心靈的眼睛去看 深入了解詞塊：give sb insights / an insight into sth派生詞：insightful9.civilcivil與city同源，詞源義為“市民的、公民的”，西方人認(rèn)為，古代人類歷史的初級(jí)階段，人類都是散居的，從事農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)，發(fā)展到一定程度后才出現(xiàn)了城市，才分化出非農(nóng)業(yè)人口，因此，他們認(rèn)為城市生活是人類歷史比較高級(jí)的發(fā)展階段，是比較高級(jí)的文明階段，所以生活在城市里的市民要比生活在農(nóng)村的人口更加文明、更加文雅

4、，因而civil衍生出“文明的”“有禮貌的”意思。派生詞：civilise, catee- (向外) + duc (to lead 引導(dǎo)) + -ate (動(dòng)詞后綴) 把學(xué)生內(nèi)在的天資引導(dǎo)出來 教育詞塊：educate sb on sth；派生詞：educated, education, educator11. moral詞塊：moral standards；派生詞：morally, immoral 12.contributecon- (together 一起) + tribute (貢品) 一起把貢品獻(xiàn)給 貢獻(xiàn) (基本義)詞塊：contribute to,

5、 contribute (sth) to sth 詞族：contribute, contributor, contribution 13.finance派生詞：financial14.economics構(gòu)詞：economic economics15.exposeex- (out 向外) + pose (to place 放置) 向外放置 使顯露；使暴露 一詞多義：詞源義和基本義是“使顯露、使暴露”詞塊：expose (oneself) to sth；派生詞：exposure16.surroundingsurround (v 包圍) + -ing詞族：surround, surrounding,

6、 surroundings 17.uncriticallyun- + critical (adj 批評的) + -ly18.judgementjudge (v 判斷) + -ment (名詞后綴)詞塊：make a judgement on / about sth19.regardlessregard (n 注意、關(guān)心) + -less (沒有、無) ；詞塊：regardless of20.behave詞塊：behave oneself；派生詞：behaviour21.circumstancecircum (around 環(huán)繞) + st (to stand 站) + -ance (名詞后綴)

7、 環(huán)繞著站的事物 周邊情形 情況 詞塊：in / under . circumstances, in / under no circumstances22.citizen來自古法語citeien，由拉丁語civis (市民) 變化而來。古法語citeien的字面意思是“居住在cite里的人”。法語中的cite后來演變?yōu)橛⒄Z單詞 city。古希臘和古羅馬時(shí)代只有市民才有政治權(quán)利，所以citizen既是“市民”，也是“公民”。23.conclusionconclude conclusion詞塊：in conclusion (= finally) , arrive at / come to / dr

8、aw / reach a conclusion24.definition構(gòu)詞：define definition25.respectivelyrespective (adj 各自的) + -ly26. responsibilityresponsible (adj 負(fù)責(zé)的) + -ity (名詞后綴)詞塊：take / have responsibility for = be responsible for, accept / shoulder responsibility, its sbs responsibility to do sth27.priority來自prior (adj 優(yōu)先的)

9、；詞塊：a top priority28.stimulatestimul (to prick 刺) + -ate (動(dòng)詞后綴) 刺(激)某物 刺激(基本義)詞塊：stimulate ones interest派生詞：stimulating, stimulation29.initiative詞塊：take the initiative to do sth, the Belt and Road Initiative30.autonomousauto- (self 自己) + nomous (law 法律)31.brilliant詞塊：a brilliant idea, a brilliant mu

10、sician派生詞：brilliantly32.demonstratede- (entirely 完全) + monstr (to show 顯示) + -ate (動(dòng)詞后綴) 使完全顯示出來 證明派生詞：demonstration33.assess精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義： “評”價(jià)，強(qiáng)調(diào)定性 估“算”，強(qiáng)調(diào)定量派生詞：assessment重難點(diǎn)詞精講gain一詞多義pursueobjective辨析義一詞多義contribute一詞多義finance英語釋義expose一詞多義英語釋義behave英語釋義搭配義circumstance搭配義辨析義stimulate一詞多義demonstrate一詞多

11、義responsibility搭配義詞根詞綴objective溫故知新根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。If wed all work together, I think we could _（實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)）.achieve / reach our goalobjective比goal更正式achieve / reach our objective adj 客觀的 反 subjective：an objective assessment / analysis objectively adv 客觀地 n C 目的；目標(biāo) (goal)：set / achieve an objectiveThe objec

12、tive of most speeches is to benefit the audience. 2020 山東A way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives. 2019 全國objective 詞源解讀：object（物體）+ -ive（的） 物體的，即不帶個(gè)人情感的、就事論事的 客觀的【詞匯拓展】object n C 物體：Signs in the zoo warn people not to feed the animals or throw objects. 對象：a

13、n object of study 目標(biāo)；目的：The object of the game is to improve childrens language skills. 語法賓語 v vi 反對；不贊成：If nobody objects, well put off the meeting till next week. object to (doing) sth:Why do some people strongly object to human cloning?We object to leaving him alone. vt 提出作為反對的理由：object + that 從句

14、：They objected that the schedule was too tight. objection n C & U 反對；反對的理由：Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it. 這四個(gè)詞都含有“目標(biāo)”之意。objective最正式；表示想要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)時(shí)可用objective, goal, target，不用object。I will try to reach my objective / goal / target because I want to live an

15、 exciting life. target后可接area, audience, group等詞，表示“目標(biāo)范圍 / 觀眾 / 群體”。Its a clear advantage if you can identify with your target audience.goal及target的目標(biāo)可以是數(shù)字，如銷量、考試分?jǐn)?shù)、日期等。They achieved their goal / target of increasing sales by five percent.objective, target, goal, object析辨 No pain, no gain.gain v vt（

16、使）獲得；贏得 to get or win sth, especially sth that is wanted or needed：gain a degreeHer honesty gained her the trust of her teacher. vt & vi 獲（益）to get an advantage from (doing) sth：gain advantages from Theres nothing to be gained by losing your temper.We gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much

17、more than we will benefit. 2009 安徽gain較為正式 vt 增加 to gradually get more of sth 反 lose：I have gained a lot of weight recently.The young people gradually gain confidence in their abilities. vt & vi（鐘、表等走得）快 反 lose：My watch gains (by) several minutes a day.gain ground 變得更強(qiáng)大 / 更成功 / 更有效；逼近 n C 好處；利益；U 利潤

18、：The officials illegal gains will be turned in to national treasury.He will do anything for gain. 增加 反 loss：a gain in earnings Regular exercise is the best way of preventing weight gain.gain 語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“獲得”某物鐘表等“獲得”時(shí)間“獲得”益處“獲得”體重、信心等（使）獲得；贏得獲（益）增加（鐘、表等走得）快 獲得 gain（基本義）好處；利益；利潤增加vn寫作高級(jí)用詞，經(jīng)常與抽象名詞搭配使用：1. We

19、all gained a lot from the experience.2. The plane rapidly gained height.3. We managed to gain entry through a back window.4. “Sense of gain”, which means the public share the fruits of reform with happiness, gains popularity rapidly.5. No pain, no gain.behave媽媽經(jīng)常會(huì)跟孩子說“要乖乖的哦！” “乖乖的哦!” 這句話用英語怎么表達(dá)呢？Beh

20、ave yourself! vi 表現(xiàn) to act in a particular way (act)： He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he was / were an adult. vi & vt（使）舉止規(guī)矩；（使）表現(xiàn)得體 to act in a correct or appropriate way： badly- / well-behaved children behave oneself: Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave

21、 themselves. 2011 浙江behave v基本語義語義縮小behavio(u)r U 行為；舉止： I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places. 2012 福建書面表達(dá) C & U（物體等）反應(yīng)；性能；行為方式；習(xí)性： Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.【溫故】選必一U1人物珍妮古道爾(Jane Goodall)，是世界上擁有極高聲譽(yù)的動(dòng)物學(xué)家，致力于野生動(dòng)物的研究和保護(hù)。她在二十多歲時(shí)前往非洲的原始森林，為了觀察黑猩猩，度過了三十八年

22、的野外生活。她奔走于世界各地，呼吁人們保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物、保護(hù)地球的環(huán)境。circumstance根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1. We dont usually accept late applications, but _（在這種情況下）we will make an exception.2. _（在任何情況下都不）should you leave this house.in this case / in / under the circumstancesIn no case / In / Under no circumstancescircumstance n C常用復(fù)數(shù)情況；情形

23、 the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.：Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. 復(fù)數(shù)正式用語境況；狀況（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況）the conditions of a persons life, especially the money they have：financial / social / personal circumstances in / under . circumstance

24、s 在情況下：Under the circumstances, it seems better not to tell him about the accident. Its an experimental model, so dont touch it under any circumstances. 2012 江西改circumstance詞源解讀：circum（around 環(huán)繞）+ st（to stand 站）+ -ance（名詞后綴） 環(huán)繞著站的事物 周邊情形 情況；情形in / under no circumstances 決不；無論如何不：Under no circumstanc

25、es should we do terrible things to other people. 注：in / under no circumstances 置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝語序。辨析：circumstance, environmentcircumstance 和 environment 都含有“環(huán)境”“狀況”之意。 circumstance 指“情況”“情形”（the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.）”，常用復(fù)數(shù)，表明與某事件或某人有關(guān)的環(huán)境，情形，情況等，也可指“境況”“狀況”（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況）（how muc

26、h money sb has）”。We cant judge what he did until we know all the circumstances. environment 指“生活環(huán)境”“周圍狀況（the conditions of the place where you are）”，尤其指作用和影響生物體的生長，發(fā)展和生存的外界物質(zhì)條件的總和。The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.友誼是一種甜蜜的責(zé)任，絕不是一種機(jī)會(huì)。 紀(jì)伯倫紀(jì)哈紀(jì)伯倫（Kahlil Gibran, 1883 1931）黎巴嫩作家、詩人、畫家，阿拉伯文學(xué)的主要奠基人，20世紀(jì)阿拉伯新文學(xué)道路的開拓者之一，被稱為藝術(shù)天才、黎巴嫩文壇驕子。其主要作品有淚與笑(A Tear and a Smile)，先知(The Prophet)