四級(jí)閱讀任務(wù)包講義21

1、Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage .Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where ahas livedusing a strand(縷) of hair, a techniques or unidentified murder victims .t could help track the movements of criminalThe method res on measuring how chemical variations

2、 in drinking water show up in peoples hair.“Youre what you eat and drink, andts recorded in you hair,” said ThureCerling, a geologisthe University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, waters vary. The differenresultfrom weathatterns. The chemical com clouds move.ition of rainfall changes

3、slightly as raidMost hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traof bothelements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls As a result, storms t form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measu

4、ring the proportion.nofheavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerlings team collected tap water sles from 600 cities and constructed amop of the regional differen. They checked the

5、 accuracy of the map by testing 200hair sles collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accuray place the hair sles in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“Its not good for pinpoing ( 精確定位),” Cerling said. “Its good foreliminating manysibilities.”Todd Park, a lo

6、cal detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake .The woman was 5 feet tall. strands of hair.recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and severalWhen Park heard about the research, he gave the hair sles to the researchers.Chemica

7、l testing showed every two months.t over the two years before her death, she moved aboutShe stayed somewhere bethe Northwest, although the test could not be more specific n eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.n“Its still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”【參考譯文】62科學(xué)家們已

8、經(jīng)發(fā)明了一種通過一縷頭發(fā)大致確定一個(gè)人曾在哪里生活過的方法；這是一項(xiàng)可以幫助追蹤嫌疑人或未確定的謀殺案受害者的的技術(shù)。這一方法依賴于測(cè)量飲用水中的不同化學(xué)成分在人的頭發(fā)中是如何顯現(xiàn)的?！?3你所吃所喝的東西造就了現(xiàn)在的你，而它們?cè)谀愕念^發(fā)里都有。”猶他大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家瑟林表示。各地的飲食相對(duì)來說是一樣的，但供水卻有所不同。這種差別是由氣候模式造成的。雨水中的化學(xué)成分隨著的移動(dòng)稍有變化。水中的大多數(shù)氫原子和氧原子都很穩(wěn)定，但這兩種化學(xué)元素的痕跡同樣以重同位素的形式出現(xiàn)。64含有最重同位素的雨最先落下。因此，形成自太平洋的暴風(fēng)雨帶給加利福尼亞 的雨水比猶他州的更重。整個(gè)都存在與此類似的模式。通過測(cè)量

9、一縷頭發(fā)中較重的氫、氧同位素的比例，科學(xué)家們能夠繪制出一個(gè)地理時(shí)間表。每英寸的頭發(fā)對(duì)應(yīng)兩個(gè)月左右的時(shí)間。65瑟林的團(tuán)隊(duì)收集了 600 個(gè)城市的自來水樣本，繪制了一張顯示地區(qū)差異的圖。通過檢驗(yàn)從 65 個(gè)理發(fā)店收集到的 200 個(gè)頭發(fā)樣本，他們檢測(cè)了這的準(zhǔn)確性。他們能準(zhǔn)確確定頭發(fā)樣本所屬的大致區(qū)域，這些區(qū)域與雨水系統(tǒng)的移動(dòng)大致對(duì)應(yīng)。“它并不能精確定位，”瑟林說道，“66但它對(duì)排除許多其他的可能性很有幫助?！碑?dāng)?shù)氐囊幻奖硎荆@一方法已經(jīng)幫助他了解到有關(guān)一位不明的女性死者的信息。該死者的骨骼在大鹽湖區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這位女性有五英尺高。尋回了 26 塊骨頭、一件 T 恤和幾縷頭發(fā)。聽說了這項(xiàng)研究后，把頭

10、發(fā)樣本交給了研究?；瘜W(xué)測(cè)試顯示在那位女性死前的兩年，她每兩個(gè)月就會(huì)搬一次家。盡管不能提供更詳細(xì)的信息，但測(cè)試表明，她住在明西部之間的某個(gè)地方。的西北部，在俄勒岡東部與懷俄“這仍是一片很大的區(qū)域?！闭f道?！暗撬s小了范圍?！薄菊f明文：通過頭發(fā)可以大致確定一個(gè)人的住處】第 13 段：介紹了科學(xué)家的新發(fā)現(xiàn)通過頭發(fā)可以大致確定一個(gè)人的住處。第 4-9段：說明了該研究的原理、成果及意義。第 1014 段：舉例說明這個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)名警探的幫助。What is the scientists new discovery?Ones hair growth has to do with the amount of

11、water they drink.B)C) Hairrsons hair may reveal where they have lived.ysis accuray identifies criminals.D) The chemical comBition of hair varies fromto.正確定位：根據(jù)題干中的 scientists new discovery 將定位到第一段。：文章第一段第一句提到，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)明了一種通過一縷頭發(fā)大致確定一個(gè)人曾在哪里生活過的方法。由此可知，科學(xué)家的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)人的頭發(fā)可以顯示這個(gè)人在哪里生活過，故選 B。A、D 兩項(xiàng)文中沒有提到，故排除。C

12、在過于絕對(duì)，文章中并沒有說頭發(fā)分析能夠準(zhǔn)確辨認(rèn)出嫌疑人，只是說這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以幫助追蹤嫌疑人的，故排除 C。63. What does the author mean by “Youre what you eat and drink”(Line 1, Para.3)?Food and drink affect onesFood and drink preferenFood and drink leave traality development.vary with individuals.in ones body ties.D) Food and drink are indispensable t

13、o oC定位：根據(jù)題干中的 Line 1，Para. 3 可將xistence.正確定位到第三段第一句。：上一段提到，這一方法依賴于測(cè)量飲用水中的不同化學(xué)成分在人的頭發(fā)中是如何顯現(xiàn)的。本段接著，“你所吃所喝的東西造就了現(xiàn)在的你，而它們?cè)谀愕念^發(fā)里都有記錄”，換句話說，食物和水會(huì)在頭發(fā)里留下痕跡，故選項(xiàng) G 正確。64. What is said about the rainfall in Americas West?A) There is muore rainfall in Californian in Utah.B) The water it deliverses lighter when

14、it moves inland.C) Its chemical comition is less stablen in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.B定位：根據(jù)題干中的 the rainfall in Americas West 可將正確定位到第五段第二、三句。：文章提到，最重的雨(含有最重同位素的雨)最先落下，因此，形成自太平洋的暴風(fēng)雨帶給加利福尼亞的雨水比猶他州的更重。比較重的雨先落下，因此形成自太平洋的雨從太平洋向內(nèi)陸移動(dòng)時(shí)，會(huì)把較重的雨降在離太平洋近的地方，越往內(nèi)陸雨水越輕，故本題

15、選 B。根據(jù)地理知識(shí)也可以得出 ，因?yàn)楠q他州在加利福尼亞的東部。位于內(nèi)陸，也就是說雨水越往內(nèi)陸越輕。65. What did Cerlingproduceheir research?A) A map showing the regional differenof tap water.B) A collection of hair sles from various barber shops.A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.A chart illustrating the movement of the rain sys

16、tem.A正確定位：根據(jù)題干中的 Cerlings可將定位到第七段第一句。：第七段第一句話，瑟林的團(tuán)隊(duì)收集了 600 個(gè)城市的自來水樣本，繪制了一張顯示地區(qū)差異的圖，故本題選A。66. What is the practical value of Cerlings research?It helpsIt helps theIt helps theyze the quality of water in different regions.determine where a crime is committed.narrow downsibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of theCunder investigation.正確定位：本題雖然無法精確定位，但根據(jù)出題順序與文章順序基本一致