論“深圳通”與“八達(dá)通”的融合開題報告

1、xx大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）開題報告題 目學(xué)生姓名 學(xué)號專業(yè)學(xué) 院指導(dǎo)教師本選題的意義及國內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r：IC 卡是集成電路卡(Integrated Circuit Card)的英文簡稱，在有些國家和地區(qū)也稱之為聰明卡、智能卡、靈巧卡(Smart Card)、智慧卡(Intelligent Card)或微電路卡(MicrocircuitCard)、微芯片卡(Microchip Card)等。將一微電子芯片鑲嵌于符合 ISO7816 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 PVC（或 ABS 等）塑料基片中，封裝成外型尺寸與磁卡類似的卡片形式，當(dāng)然也可封裝為鈕扣、鑰匙、飾物等特殊形狀。自 1972 年法國人羅蘭.莫雷諾(Rola

2、nd Moreno)首先提出 IC卡的設(shè)想，1976 年法國布爾(Bullw)公司研制出世界第一枚 IC 卡以來，IC 卡技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展，已經(jīng)形成一涉及全球眾多著名電子巨頭的新興技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。城市一卡通是以一張 IC 卡作為信息載體和接口，建立的城市綜合信息管理平臺，是城市信息化的重要組成部分。通過向市民發(fā)行用于城市生活的 IC 卡，將參與一卡通系統(tǒng)的以城市交通為代表的公共事業(yè)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)、以社會保障為代表的政府管理應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)和以電子錢包為代表的金融支付應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)等各個行業(yè)統(tǒng)一起來，采用一致的付費(fèi)方式，方便市民消費(fèi)，統(tǒng)一信息管理。香港“八達(dá)通”城市一卡通系統(tǒng)，是目前國內(nèi)乃至世界上運(yùn)營最為成功的。1994 年

3、香港五大公共交通運(yùn)輸機(jī)構(gòu) ，包括地鐵、九廣鐵路、九巴、城巴和香港小輪(HYF)攜手合作，成立了聯(lián)俊達(dá)有限公司(于 2002 年改名為八達(dá)通卡有限公司)，負(fù)責(zé)開發(fā)和推行非接觸式智能卡技術(shù)。1997 年 9 月，八達(dá)通系統(tǒng)正式面世，邁進(jìn)令香港人生活更輕松的第一步。此嶄新系統(tǒng)讓乘客一卡在手，通用于多種公共交通工具，免除使用輔幣之不便。八達(dá)通面世超過十年，一直力求創(chuàng)新進(jìn)步。今天，使用八達(dá)通的范圍遍布衣、食、住、行等各方面。全港 95%年齡介乎 16 至 65 的市民使用八達(dá)通搭乘交通、購物消費(fèi)或外出用膳，毋須攜帶輔幣，輕松方便。八達(dá)通最初是通用于公共交通工具上的簡便收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)在，已廣泛地擴(kuò)展至零售業(yè)

4、小額交易及許多其他范疇，如支援商業(yè)及住宅大廈出入門禁系統(tǒng)及學(xué)校里各種設(shè)施等，得到超過 2000 家服務(wù)供應(yīng)商的支持。八達(dá)通不只提供卡片款式。由租用版八達(dá)通至適用于個人客戶或企業(yè)的銷售版八達(dá)通，八達(dá)通式式俱備，而且種類與日俱增。由鎖匙扣、吊飾、手表至限量版八達(dá)通等，能切合不同客戶的需求和品味。八達(dá)通不單成功融入了市民的日常生活，亦讓大家生活得更輕松方便。2004 年 7 月，深圳市政府召開了“關(guān)于研究推進(jìn)深圳市交通一卡通相關(guān)工作的會議”，提出了深圳市交通堅持“一張卡、一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、一個公司運(yùn)營”的原則，并提出了在堅持企業(yè)化、市場化原則的基礎(chǔ)上，組建深圳通公司并于 2004 年12 月 13 日注冊成

5、立。自此，深圳通開上了快車道，至 2009 年末共發(fā)卡 670 萬張，預(yù)計2011 年末發(fā)卡總量將突破 1000 萬張。深圳通已經(jīng)在公交應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域全面鋪開，實(shí)現(xiàn)了關(guān)內(nèi)地鐵及 1 萬余臺公交大巴的全覆蓋。在小額消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域，成功開通了多家連鎖超市、商場，目前總量已接近 500 家，安裝讀卡器近 15000 臺。在未來的三年， 深圳通計劃實(shí)現(xiàn)地鐵（軌道交通）、公交巴士全覆蓋，并應(yīng)用到部分出租車上，擴(kuò)展小額消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域，商戶總量將突破 3000 個，爭取在包括公交一卡通區(qū)域的互聯(lián)互通上有新的突破，發(fā)卡總量突破 1，000 萬張。深圳通也給深圳市民帶來了真真正正的實(shí)惠，2009 年 1-8 月份公交刷卡優(yōu)惠總額

6、達(dá)3.31 億元，珠三角一小時經(jīng)濟(jì)生活圈已不是夢想，八達(dá)通、深圳通、“羊城通”等各自為政的城市一卡通系統(tǒng)必將融為一體。文獻(xiàn)綜述：The business plan is what I refer to the large number of documents, including regular publications, internet, data, conference proceedings, etc., using knowledge of learning a variety of economic management in Shenzhen University, such

7、as project management, Marketing Management, corporate strategy theoretical knowledge of management, managerial economics and financial management courses and case analysis method combined with the actual situation of the project is completed. Theory papers cover project management, marketing manage

8、ment, market analysis and forecasting, financial analysis and evaluation of investment projects of knowledge. In the writing process, the main application of the relevant literature follows. The first is to learn the knowledge of the dissertation, particularly the business plan writing and used in m

9、y thesis writing. Mainly related to the literature designate the first wing, the CAO New MBA Dissertation Writing Guide, Zhuhai Xiong, written business plan book guide for the preparation of Ding Wen Jing How to write a business plan, Chen Yu How to Write a Business Plan and other works as well as s

10、eniors business plan thesis, I learned the topics of the papers from the literature, structure, research methods and writing steps or even the specific computer layout settings skills and knowledge of business plans points of the concept, role, writing of the book, write specifications, as well as e

11、nterprises of different periods (Start-up, growth, maturity) the focus of the business plan and writing a more in-depth understanding and experience; at the same time, I also understanding of the business plan is an all-round description of the operation of the project file, from all aspects of inte

12、rnal structure, personnel, management and operation of the projects external conditions, market conditions, marketing strategies, costs, economic benefits to analyze. Projects in an operational business plan for the development of enterprises to set a more specific direction and focus, so that emplo

13、yees understand the business objectives, and motivate them to strive for a common goal; allows investors and other partners to understand business conditions and objectives, to provide confidence for investment and cooperation in decision-making. Followed by the reading and analysis of the relevant

14、technical documentation, market analysis, statistics, laws and regulations, policy documents and other literature. City Card is an emerging industry, the breadth and depth of its applications in the rapidly expanding its knowledge is an ever-deepening process associated with the book market books an

15、d rare. In view of this, I mainly rely on networking and professional publications for relevant information, such as the construction of the IC card application (/ic/), city utilities IC Card Application Network (http :/ / /) Card Network (/), the Golden Card Project magazines. First like to thank o

16、f Luyong Ning Code IC system and non-contact IC card Principles and Applications, the authors believe that in modern urban construction and management of Central Africa is more suitable than the IC card contactless IC card, in the modern public transport system, a the application of the cartoon is v

17、ery necessary because it will greatly improve the operating efficiency of urban public transport, improve service quality, and can analyze the data obtained by the card system to further improve the operation of public transport, such as site set up, train scheduling, detailed analysis of applicatio

18、ns and application areas of the IC card expansion gave me great inspiration. The city of Hong Kong Octopus card system is one of the most successful operating system, its analysis of the article was of concern to me. Such as Tradelink Electronic Commerce specifically () have written the Octopus succ

19、ess, Chief Executive Officer of Octopus Cards Limited, the text Eric Tai said: Octopus, such as a lamp switches, and no one will bother to power how to generate only knew only need to look at will be open to press the button, lights ., the success of the Octopus is very important to the people of Ho

20、ng Kong, not only part of our lives, made us easier. Furthermore, management is professional in-depth study and application of theoretical writings. For example, Wang Jianguo, in their book 1P theory - mesh economic times, new business model proposed in the nature of information, networking, knowled

21、ge and culture for economic, many industries have been no significant or simply do not boundaries. Accordingly, the target customers of the enterprise products market is no longer a single product and target customer is no longer one to one relationship, but a network of relations. To take advantage

22、 of the network economy and external, between the enterprise value chain, enterprise and between enterprises, between enterprises and customers, the introduction of third-party stakeholders to pay profit model into the game of competition among enterprises profitable win-win cooperation. The essence

23、 of the City Card project is to establish a network of economic, either party in the project would be the interests of beneficiaries. The public in obtaining benefits at the same time, convenience and better service; the operation of the project partners will enhance service levels and operational e

24、fficiency, reduce costs, and get more customers to patronize; government management efficiency, urban management into the digital and information technology. Another example of marketing management theory, all the marketing strategies are built on STP marketing - market segmentation, target market s

25、election and product positioning based on. Market segmentation is to develop the companys marketing strategy, consumer or customer requirements as a starting point, a series of market research and feasibility studies on the internal consideration of the purchase decision-making and external behavior

26、al factors, the use of mathematical statistics, simulation market and other methods single market in accordance with different standards and features are divided into more than a one or several similar characteristics of the sub-market (do not rule out the intersection between the sub-market phenome

27、non). Companies according to their own resources and external competitive situation, from which to choose their own have a comparative advantage, or that more investment value of the sub-market as the companys target market. Market segments, the company must evaluate the relevant market segments, to

28、 determine into which the target market on this basis, and to further analyze the target market customer value proposition. Selected target markets, competitive advantage, determine the marketing strategy to reach their target markets, including product strategy, channel strategy, brand strategy. Ot

29、her theories of the economic evaluation of investment projects through the investment shares of the companys background, investment budget, sales, costs and profits of the effective index prediction using simulation of financial statements in the form, and use the net present value, evaluation of th

30、e payback period and other economic benefits of investment in shares of the company assessed. Michael A. Hitt, Strategic Management in the analysis tool to guide the project to face the opportunities and threats, the enterprise has its own advantages and shortcomings of in-depth discussion and analy

31、sis. Paid off: too much the topic of the Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation, we cut from a small topic to talk about interoperability issues in Shenzhen, the Shenzhen and Hong Kongs Octopus. A few years ago it was suggested, can make the interconnection of Shenzhen and Hong Kong transport card interoper

32、ability, so that not only promote the economic development of the two places, a lot of convenience to the public. To discuss today is the question: Shenzhen Tong and Octopus in the end can not be interconnected, there is no interoperability is necessary, the old words: because I have been dealings b

33、etween Shenzhen and Hong Kong, always carry two cards , an Octopus, a Shenzhen-pass. Octopus in Hong Kong is indeed very convenient to use public transport, take a taxi, or to grocery stores and shopping malls to buy things very convenient, a multi-purpose card. At present, Shenzhen limited to bus,

34、subway, in the 7-11 convenience store and buy something, I think this is an improvement. I hold two cards, pulled out Octopus in Hong Kong, to return to Shenzhen took out Shenzhen through, and sometimes often go wrong, so I think the implementation of some inconvenience, a sign of multi-line with th

35、e permanent residents in Shenzhen to Hong Kong , it was suggested that the card two concept, I hope to achieve this goal as soon as possible. Zhong Jian: the present level of development of Shenzhens and Hong Kong Octopus has a big gap, limited to bus and subway. Octopus In addition to the bus, subw

36、ay diet, consumer payment system, should be the development trend of modern society. In any case, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation, city trend to further strengthen the two places in one hour inside the living area, two places, including the increasing amount of information to facilitate the fishe

37、s. But for now, I feel that Shenzhen Tong and Octopus to truly achieve interoperability, a card will work in both places, there is some difficulty, after all, two different electronic payment systems, as well as the renminbi and the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate, the two electronic delivery system,

38、 I think that may be implemented in the future. Wang Dongjun: Shenzhen Tong and Octopus card interoperability is necessary. Whether the needs of the environment, the objective needs of the development of the Shenzhen company is necessary. Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation is a very fast pace, more freq

39、uent exchanges of the two members of the public. Shenzhen Tong, from a subjective in terms of the formation of a large market to promote the development of Shenzhen through the expansion of the range of applications there are a lot of opportunities, we also support interoperability is committed to t

40、wo cards, this is our goal, from the necessity of is no problem. Feasibility, technical, commercial or policy to solve related problems, should be able to achieve. Zengfan Yong: I think the Shenzhen Tong and Octopus interoperability is a general trend, the recent introduction of the Pearl River Delt

41、a reform and development planning framework co-operation between Hong Kong and Guangdong. People from Hong Kong to Shenzhen, from Shenzhen to Hong Kong changing the card to use, difficult to use. If the Shenzhen public holds a Shenzhen Card can also be used in the grocery store can be consumed by bu

42、s, in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Tong in Hong Kong can also take the subway, consumer, and friends in Hong Kong to Shenzhen is also the same, so for two to the public is a good thing, can promote communication and cooperation of the two places. Wang Dongjun: from the first, the Shenzhen and Hong Kong interconnection surface, the two cards, the interconnection of the two enterprises, Shenzhen and Hong Kong policy system is not exactly the same, whatever the policy level, the two companies , the need for government suppo